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Multidisciplinary hydrogeochemical and isotopic assessment of the Pordenone Plain (Northeastern Italy) for water resources sustainability
No full textThis study aims to comprehensively characterize the hydro-geochemical and isotopic features of the complex groundwater system in the Pordenone Plain (northeastern Italy). The area is an important industrial and agricultural area exposed to severe anthropogenic pressure and climate change, which put its water resources at risk in terms of quantity and quality, making it of high scientific and social interest. The hydrogeological setting of the Pordenone Plain has been previously simplified as a phreatic continuous aquifer in the High Plain that changes into a multilayered aquifer system towards the Low Plain. However, this study reveals significant lithological and structural heterogeneities in the High Plain that exert a strong influence on its subsurface hydrodynamics. All waters exhibit a Ca(Mg)–HCO3 composition with relatively high Na–K values in the aquifers of the Low Plain likely related to cation exchange processes. Water stable isotopes (δ2H–H2O and δ18O–H2O) indicate that the deep aquifers in the Low Plain are confined by impermeable geological formations, such as clays and siltstones, which entirely restrict water mixing with shallower aquifers. Concurrently, tritium analysis provides evidence of slow recharge and flow rate. Three primary groundwater flows have been identified within the plain, as follows: 1) a surface flow that affects the unconfined or semi-confined aquifers of the High Plain hosted in gravelly sediments; 2) an intermediate flow fed by the pedemontane zone, which includes unconfined deep aquifers of the High Plain, semi confined/shallow aquifers (at a depth of 40–50 m) located near the resurgence belt area and karst springs located in eastern pedemontane of the Cansiglio Plateau; 3) a deep flow fed by the mountainous zone that affects the deep confined aquifers of the Low Plain. A reliable hydrogeochemical conceptual model has been developed to explain the compositional variability of the studied waters, providing valuable insights for the sustainable management of groundwater resources in the Pordenone Plain.Published106161JCR Journa
High CO2 in the mantle source of ocean island basanites
No full textSome of the most CO2-rich magmas on Earth are erupted by intraplate ocean island volcanoes. Here, we characterise
olivine-hosted melt inclusions from recent (<10 ky) basanitic tephra erupted by Fogo, the only active
volcano of the Cape Verde Archipelago in the eastern Atlantic Ocean. We determine H2O, S, Cl, F in glassy melt
inclusions and recalculate the total (glass + shrinkage bubbles) CO2 budget by three independent methodologies.
We find that the Fogo parental basanite, entrapped as melt inclusion in forsterite-rich (Fo80-85) olivines, contains
up to ~2.1 wt% CO2, 3–47 % of which is partitioned in the shrinkage bubbles. This CO2 content is among the
highest ever measured in melt inclusions in OIBs. In combination with ~2 wt% H2O content, our data constrain
an entrapment pressure range for the most CO2-rich melt inclusion of 648–1430 MPa, with a most conservative
estimate at 773–1020 MPa. Our results therefore suggest the parental Fogo melt is stored in the lithospheric
mantle at minimum depths of ~27 to ~36 km, and then injected into a vertically stacked magma ponding
system. Overall, our results corroborate previous indications for a CO2-rich nature of alkaline ocean island
volcanism. We propose that the Fogo basanitic melt forms by low degrees of melting (F = 0.06–0.07) of a carbonenriched
mantle source, containing up to 355–414 ppm C. If global OIB melts are dominantly as carbon-rich as
our Fogo results suggest, then OIB volcanism may cumulatively outgasPublished93-111OSV2: Complessità dei processi vulcanici: approcci multidisciplinari e multiparametriciJCR Journa
The Preparation Phase of the 2022 ML 5.7 Offshore Fano (Italy) Earthquake: A Multiparametric–Multilayer Approach
No full textThis paper presents an analysis of anomalies detected during the preparatory phase
of the 9 November 2022 ML = 5.7 earthquake, occurring approximately 30 km off the coast of
the Marche region in the Adriatic Sea (Italy). It was the largest earthquake in Italy in the last
5 years. According to lithosphere–atmosphere–ionosphere coupling (LAIC) models, such earthquake
could induce anomalies in various observable variables, from the Earth’s surface to the ionosphere.
Therefore, a multiparametric and multilayer approach based on ground and satellite data collected
in each geolayer was adopted. This included the revised accelerated moment release method, the
identification of anomalies in atmospheric parameters, such as Skin Temperature and Outgoing
Longwave Radiation, and ionospheric signals, such as Es and F2 layer parameters from ionosonde
measurements, magnetic field from Swarm satellites, and energetic electron precipitations from
NOAA satellites. Several anomalies were detected in the days preceding the earthquake, revealing
that their cumulative occurrence follows an exponential trend from the ground, progressing towards
the upper atmosphere and the ionosphere. This progression of anomalies through different geolayers
cannot simply be attributed to chance and is likely associated with the preparation phase of this
earthquake, supporting the LAIC approach.Published191OST4 Descrizione in tempo reale del terremoto, del maremoto, loro predicibilità e impattoJCR Journa
High-resolution climate variability across the Piacenzian/Gelasian boundary in the Monte San Nicola section (Sicily, Italy)
No full textThe Piacenzian – Gelasian transition is a time of profound changes in the Earth's climatic regime, epitomized by the definitive establishment of large ice caps in the Northern Hemisphere and the beginning of the “ice ages” at ca. 2.6 Ma. This event is sharply documented in δ18O records globally by a prominent triplet of severe glacial events (MIS 100, 98 and 96) that approximate the base of the Gelasian Stage. We have reconstructed a multi-species planktic and benthic foraminiferal δ18O and δ13C record from the Monte San Nicola section (Sicily) across the Piacenzian/Gelasian boundary, with the purpose of better constraining in time the main marker criteria for recognition of the Gelasian GSSP (Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point) and investigating in detail the paleoclimatic and paleoceanographic response of the central Mediterranean to the definitive onset of the Northern Hemisphere Glaciation. Our results confirm the reliability and usability of the criteria originally proposed for defining the Gelasian GSSP, and significantly improve their chronology and chronostratigraphic positioning. Beyond an obvious alternation of obliquity-driven glacial-interglacial cycles, our isotopic record unraveled a pervasive climate variability in the suborbital time domain, the origin of which is still ambiguous. Altogether data presented in this paper provide the first high resolution isotopic records shedding new light both on the stratigraphic and paleoclimatic evolution of the Central Mediterranean area at the beginning of the Northern Hemisphere Glaciation.Published108469OSA1: Variazioni del campo magnetico terrestre, imaging crostale e sicurezza del territorioOSA2: Evoluzione climatica: effetti e loro mitigazioneJCR Journa
A Hidden Eruption: The 21 May 2023 Paroxysm of the Etna Volcano (Italy)
No full textOn 21 May 2023, a hidden eruption occurred at the Southeast Crater (SEC) of Etna (Italy);
indeed, bad weather prevented its direct and remote observation. Tephra fell toward the southwest, and two lava flows propagated along the SEC’s southern and eastern flanks. The monitoring system of the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia testified to its occurrence. We analyzed the seismic and infrasound signals to constrain the temporal evolution of the fountain, which lasted about 5 h. We finally reached Etna’s summit two weeks later and found an unexpected pyroclastic density current (PDC) deposit covering the southern lava flow at its middle portion. We performed unoccupied aerial system and field surveys to reconstruct in 3D the SEC, lava flows, and PDC deposits and to collect some samples. The data allowed for detailed mapping, quantification, and characterization of the products. The resulting lava flows and PDC deposit volumes were (1.54 ± 0.47) × 106 m3 and (1.30 ± 0.26) × 105 m3, respectively. We also analyzed ground-radar and satellite data to evaluate that the plume height ranges between 10 and 15 km. This work is a comprehensive analysis of the fieldwork, UAS, volcanic tremor, infrasound, radar, and satellite data. Our results increase awareness of the volcanic activity and potential dangers for visitors to Etna’s summit area.Published1555OSV2: Complessità dei processi vulcanici: approcci multidisciplinari e multiparametriciJCR Journa
I° SIMPOSIO INGV 6 - 9 Novembre 2023, Terrasini (Palermo)
No full textA novembre 2023 si è svolto a Terrasini, in provincia di Palermo, il primo Simposio dell’Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV). Il Simposio è stato organizzato per le seguenti finalità:
• pianificare lo sviluppo scientifico futuro dell’Ente;
• cementare la collaborazione tra le 11 Sezioni INGV;
• programmare la crescita delle Infrastrutture e la loro interoperabilità;
• valutare i punti di debolezza dell’organizzazione dell’INGV e proporre soluzioni efficaci;
• individuare le priorità per migliorare il benessere lavorativo;
• discutere e attuare il Piano Triennale delle Attività INGV (PTA).
L’evento ha visto la partecipazione di numerosi dipendenti dell’INGV, di tutti i profili professionali, sia in presenza che collegati da remoto. Il Simposio ha offerto un’importante occasione di condivisione e discussione sia di tematiche scientifiche che degli aspetti organizzativi e gestionali dell’Ente. Uno dei focus principali del Simposio è stato il PTA, ma le discussioni sono state ampie e trasversali e sono stati affrontati temi cruciali come la collaborazione tra Dipartimenti e Sezioni, l’armonizzazione del comparto scientifico con quello amministrativo, e lo sviluppo delle Infrastrutture dedicate alla ricerca e al monitoraggio. Il Simposio ha avuto anche il fine di far conoscere ed interagire colleghi di Sezioni lontane tra loro, per una auspicabile maggiore cooperazione tra Sedi. È infatti molto sentita l’esigenza di una concreta unificazione dell’Ente sin dalla sua istituzione con la legge n. 381 del 1999, quando realtà diverse come l’Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica (ING), l’Osservatorio Vesuviano (OV) e istituti del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) si sono riunite a costituire l’INGV.
Le attività del Simposio sono state distribuite su due giornate e mezzo, con sessioni di lavoro parallele e riunioni plenarie. Ci sono stati anche diversi momenti di svago che hanno contribuito a migliorare la conoscenza reciproca fra colleghi di Sezioni diverse, rafforzando collaborazioni e sviluppando il senso di appartenenza tra il personale dell’INGV.
In seguito al Simposio è stato proposto ai colleghi un sondaggio utile a valutare il gradimento dell’evento svolto e a raccogliere suggerimenti per l’organizzazione di eventi in futuro. Sono state fornite risposte molto positive, che sottolineano l’importanza di garantire momenti di confronto, conoscenza reciproca e discussione.
L’interesse dimostrato verso il primo Simposio INGV dà fiducia ai vertici dell’Ente riguardo all’organizzazione di momenti di incontro simili, auspicando di poter coinvolgere un sempre
maggior numero di colleghi. Con l’augurio che la crescita individuale e collettiva che ne deriva possa contribuire ad accrescere il ruolo dell’INGV, tanto nel panorama scientifico internazionale, quanto nel contesto pubblico nazionale.Published1-26OS: Terza missioneN/A or not JC
The European Fault-Source Model 2020 (EFSM20): geologic input data for the European Seismic Hazard Model 2020
No full textAbstract. Earthquake hazard analyses rely on seismogenic source models. These are designed in various fashions, such as point sources or area sources, but the most effective is the three-dimensional representation of geological faults. We here refer to such models as fault sources. This study presents the European Fault-Source Model 2020 (EFSM20), which was one of the primary input datasets of the recently released European Seismic Hazard Model 2020. The EFSM20 compilation was entirely based on reusable data from existing active fault regional compilations that were first blended and harmonized and then augmented by a set of derived parameters. These additional parameters were devised to enable users to formulate earthquake rate forecasts based on a seismic-moment balancing approach. EFSM20 considers two main categories of seismogenic faults: crustal faults and subduction systems, which include the subduction interface and intraslab faults. The compiled dataset covers an area from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge to the Caucasus and from northern Africa to Iceland. It includes 1248 crustal faults spanning a total length of ∼95 100 km and four subduction systems, namely the Gibraltar, Calabrian, Hellenic, and Cyprus arcs, for a total length of ∼2120 km. The model focuses on an area encompassing a buffer of 300 km around all European countries (except for Overseas Countries and Territories) and a maximum of 300 km depth for the subducting slabs. All the parameters required to develop a seismic source model for earthquake hazard analysis were determined for crustal faults and subduction systems. A statistical distribution of relevant seismotectonic parameters, such as faulting mechanisms, slip rates, moment rates, and prospective maximum magnitudes, is presented and discussed to address unsettled points in view of future updates and improvements. The dataset, identified by the DOI https://doi.org/10.13127/efsm20 (Basili et al., 2022), is distributed as machine-readable files using open standards (Open Geospatial Consortium).
Published3945-3976OST2 Deformazione e Hazard sismico e da maremotoJCR Journa
Assessing Shallow Soft Deposits through Near-Surface Geophysics and UAV-SfM: Application in Pocket Beaches Environments
No full textThis study employs a multimethod approach to investigate the sediment distribution in
two pocket beaches, Ramla Beach and Mellieha S Beach, in Malta. Both study sites were digitally
reconstructed using unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) photogrammetry. For each case, an ERT and a
dense network of ambient seismic noise measurements processed through a horizontal-to-vertical
spectral ratio (HVSR) technique were acquired. Electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) analysis
enables the estimation of sediment thickness in each beach. HVSR analysis revealed peaks related to
beach sediments overlying limestone rocks in both sites and also indicated a deeper stratigraphic
contact in Mellieha S Beach. Based on ERT measurements, sediment thickness is calculated for
each HVSR measurement. Interpolation of results allows for bedrock surface modelling in each
case study, and when combined with digital terrain models (DTMs) derived from photogrammetric
models, sediment volumes are estimated for each site. The geometry of this surface is analyzed
from a geological perspective, showing structural control of sediment distribution due to a normal
fault in Mellieha S Beach and stratigraphic control facilitated by a highly erodible surface in Ramla
Beach. The results emphasize the importance of adopting a three-dimensional perspective in coastal
studies for precise sediment volume characterization and a deeper understanding of pocket beach
dynamics. This practical multimethod approach presented here offers valuable tools for future coastal
research and effective coastal management, facilitating informed decision making amidst the growing
vulnerability of coastal zones to climate change impacts.This work was partially supported by the project Satellite Investigation to study POcket
BEach Dynamics (SIPOBED, SRF-2021-2S1, PI: Sebastiano D’Amico),the project Multi-disciplinary
monitoring system for a resilient management of coastal areas (REMACO) funded by the INTERREG
V A–Italy-Malta Capitalization Programme, the INGV Project “Ricerca 703 Libera” BR2019.23
(“Unveiling silent faults in low strain-rates regions through the integration 704 of high-resolution geophysical
and seismological analyses” P.I. Fabio Villani), and by the Internationalisation Partnership &
Awards Scheme Plus (IPAS+) supported by the Malta Council for Science and Technology through
the project “Near-surface geophysics and geomatic applied to coastal systems” (IPAS-2022-020).Published40OSA4: Ambiente marino, fascia costiera ed Oceanografia operativaJCR Journa
Imaging Upper-Mantle Anisotropy with Transdimensional Bayesian Monte Carlo Sampling
No full textUnderdetermination is a condition affecting all problems in seismic imaging. It manifests mainly in the nonuniqueness of the models inferred from the data. This condition is exacerbated if simplifying hypotheses like isotropy are discarded in favor of more realistic anisotropic models that, although supported by seismological evidence, require more free parameters. Investigating the connections between underdetermination and anisotropy requires the implementation of solvers which explore the whole family of possibilities behind nonuniqueness and allow for more informed conclusions about the interpretation of the seismic models. Because these aspects cannot be investigated using traditional iterative linearized inversion schemes with regularization constraints that collapse the infinite possible models into a unique solution, we explore the application of transdimensional Bayesian Monte Carlo sampling to address the consequences of underdetermination in anisotropic seismic imaging. We show how teleseismic waves of P and S phases can constrain upper‐mantle anisotropy and the amount of additional information these data provide in terms of uncertainty and trade‐offs among multiple fields.Published1214–1226OST1 Alla ricerca dei Motori GeodinamiciJCR Journa
