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Performance of the WRF Model for the Forecasting of the V-Shaped Storm Recorded on 11–12 November 2019 in the Eastern Sicily
No full textDuring the autumn season, Sicily is often affected by severe weather events, such as self-healing storms called V-shaped storms. These phenomena cause significant total rainfall quantities in short time intervals in localized spatial areas. In this framework, this study analyzes the meteorological event recorded on 11–12 November 2019 in Sicily (southern Italy), using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model with a horizontal spatial grid resolution of 3 km. It is important to note that, in this event, the most significant rainfall accumulations were recorded in eastern Sicily. In particular, the weather station of Linguaglossa North Etna (Catania) recorded a total rainfall of 293.6 mm. The precipitation forecasting provided by the WRF model simulation has been compared with the data recorded by the meteorological stations located in Sicily. In addition, a further simulation was carried out using the Four-Dimensional Data Assimilation (FDDA) technique to improve the model capability in the event reproduction. In this regard, in order to evaluate which approach provides the best performance (with or without FDDA), the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and dichotomous indexes (Accuracy, Threat Score, BIAS, Probability of Detection, and False Alarm Rate) were calculated.Published3907SR AMBIENTE – Servizi e ricerca per la societàJCR Journa
E-Journal degli Scavi di Pompei
No full text“Avvennero molti infortuni a questo mondo,
ma nessuno che valga ad arrecare cotanta
soddisfazione ai posteri” scrive Goethe nel
suoViaggioinItalia,sottoladatadel13marzo1787.
Quanto tragico fosse quell’ “infortunio”, lo si sta
indagando ancora oggi, graziea nuovetecnologie
e metodologie della ricerca archeologica e
vulcanologica.Sindaiprimiscavi,iniziatinel1748,
ilrinvenimentodivittimedell’eruzionedel79d.C.
ha fatto grande impressione sui contemporanei,
anche oltre l’ambito archeologico...Parco Archeologico di Pompei,Pompei (NA).Published1V. Storia eruttiva6V. Pericolosità vulcanica e contributi alla stima del rischi
Extremely fast Holocene coastal landscape evolution in the Kachchh Upland (NW India): Clues from a multidisciplinary review
No full textThe coastal landscape of the Kachchh Upland (KU) region (NW-India) changed over the last fewthousand years from a shallow marine gulf to a salty desert (1-4 meters asl). In this area,bordered to the south by the Northern Hill Range (NHR), the tectonic-climatic interactiontriggered the sea level fall from +2/4 m circa (6000-2000 BP) to zero. An ancient riverpattern deposited a tidally regulated delta area during the sea level fall that stopped 2000-3000 years ago due to tectonic activity and a dry climate.Deltaic-alluvial fans (DAF) in front of the NHR suggest that the KU’s tectonic activity led tofast landscape evolution. We explored such drastic changes by integrating scientificinformation from a multidisciplinary literature review, identifying terraces and DAFs, andinferring faults through landform recognition, quantitative morphometry, andfield surveys.Our interpretation, summarized in a map, provides new information on active processesalong the NHR.Published2167617OSA4: Ambiente marino, fascia costiera ed Oceanografia operativaJCR Journa
Impacts of volcanic hazards on rural communities and adaptative strategies: A case study of the Virunga Volcanic Province (Democratic Republic of Congo)
No full textActive volcanoes are a continuous threat for several regions worldwide and cause socio-economic
and environmental issues, including the Virunga Volcanic Province (D.R. Congo). There, more
than 2 million people are permanently exposed to the hazards of the most active volcanoes in
Africa: Nyiragongo and Nyamulagira. However, there is a clear lack of information regarding the
impacts of these hazards and how they may be affected by social vulnerability. In this study, a
household survey based on semi-structural interviews was performed for rural communities in
Virunga. This research aims to (i) investigate the impacts of volcanic hazards on rural communities
facing distinct levels of social vulnerability, (ii) understand the adaptive strategies developed
by these communities to address these impacts, and finally (iii) identify the main grievances
with respect to volcanic hazards raised by these rural communities. The most vulnerable
households are those directly affected by volcano-tectonic hazards such as lava flows, mazukus,
volcanic gases, ash fallout, and seismic activity. Indirect dangers related to water and food
contamination by volcanic emissions are also stronger for the most vulnerable households. Respondents
reported that most edible plants and waters are strongly affected by direct volcanic
emissions. Drinking waters, which come from traditional drainage, rainfall, and streams, are
generally not suitable for human consumption in the study area. Community suggestions for
addressing issues related to volcanic-tectonic hazards include efforts to improve water and food
quality, enhancement of the sanitary system, timely information on the volcanic activity, volcano
monitoring, and capacity building for volcanologists.Published103566JCR Journa
Regulation of deep carbon degassing by gas-rock-water interactions in a seismic region of Southern Italy
No full textThis study is focused on fluids characterization and circulations through the crust of the Irpinia region, an active seismic zone in Southern Italy, that has experienced several high-magnitude earthquakes, including a catastrophic one in 1980 (M = 6.9 Ms). Using isotopic geochemistry and the carbon‑helium system in free and dissolved volatiles in water, this study aims to explore the processes at depth that can alter pristine chemistry of these natural fluids. Gas-rock-water interactions and their impact on CO2 emissions and isotopic composition are evaluated using a multidisciplinary model that integrates geochemistry and regional geological data. By analyzing the He isotopic signature in the natural fluids, the release of mantle-derived He on a regional scale in Southern Italy is verified, along with significant emissions of deep-sourced CO2. The proposed model, supported by geological and geophysical constraints, is based on the interactions between gas, rock, and water within the crust and the degassing of deep-sourced CO2. Furthermore, this study reveals that the Total Dissolved Inorganic Carbon (TDIC) in cold waters results from mixing between a shallow and a deeper carbon endmember that is equilibrated with carbonate lithology. In addition, the geochemical signature of TDIC in thermal carbon-rich water is explained by supplementary secondary processes, including equilibrium fractionation between solid, gas, and aqueous phases, as well as sinks such as mineral precipitation and CO2 degassing. These findings have important implications for developing effective monitoring strategies for crustal fluids in different geological contexts and highlight the critical need to understand gas-water-rock interaction processes that control fluid chemistry at depths that can affect the assessment of the CO2 flux in atmosphere. Finally, this study highlights that the emissions of natural CO2 from the seismically active Irpinia area are up to 4.08·10+9 mol·y-1, which amounts is in the range of worldwide volcanic systems.Published165367OST3 Vicino alla fagliaOST5 Verso un nuovo MonitoraggioJCR Journa
Reappraisal and Analysis of Macroseismic Data for Seismotectonic Purposes: The Strong Earthquakes of Southern Calabria, Italy
No full textIn tectonically active areas, such as the Italian peninsula, studying the faults responsible for strong earthquakes is often challenging, especially when the earthquakes occurred in historical times. In such cases, geoscientists need to integrate all the available information from historical reports, surface geology, and geophysics to constrain the faults responsible for the earthquakes from a seismotectonic point of view. In this paper, we update and review, according to the EMS-98 scale, the macroseismic fields of the five main events of the 1783 Calabria sequence (5, 6, and 7 February, 1 and 28 March, Mw 5.9 to 7.1), two other destructive events within the same epicentral area of the 1783 sequence (1791, Mw 6.1 and 1894, Mw 6.1), plus the Messina Strait 1908 earthquake (Mw 7.1). For the 1783 seismic sequence, we also elaborate an updated and new catalog of coseismic effects. The new macroseismic fields were analyzed using a series of MATLAB algorithms to identify (1) the unitarity of the field or its partitioning in sub-sources and (2) the field and sub-fields’ main elongation. A collection of earthquake scale laws from literature was used to compute the average source parameters (length, width, and area) with their range of variability, and an elliptical map-view representation of the source geometry was calculated and made available. The analyses of such data allow us to speculate on the earthquakes/faults association, as well as propose new interpretations and reconstruct the space–time evolution of the significant southern Calabria seismic sequences in the last five centuries.This research was funded by PRIN 2017 (2017KT2MKE) funds from the Italian Ministry of University and Research awarded to Giusy Lavecchia for the project “Overtime tectonic, dynamic and rheologic control on destructive multiple seismic events—Special Italian Faults and Earthquakes: from real 4D cases to models”.Published212JCR Journa
Quantitative estimate of the damages from human activities at the Apurlec Monumental Archaeological Complex (7th–14th century AD, Peru) from multitemporal photogrammetry
No full textArchaeological sites may be exposed to different types of risks related to wars, natural phenomena, and illicit human activities.
Quantitative data on the type and extent of the damages and destructions suffered by these sites are of primary importance
for their reparation and the planning of conservation and defence actions. The Apurlec Monumental Archaeological
Complex (about seventh–fourteenth century AD, Peru, “Intangible and Essential Heritage” of the Peruvian Ministry of
Culture) includes platforms, canals, and rectangular ceremonial/administrative enclosures. Between June and August 2021,
Apurlec has been affected by a partial destruction of its southern sector. Here we present the results of two UAV photogrammetric
surveys conducted before (23 January 2021) and after (30 August 2021) the destructive event. The comparison of
the orthoimages and the Digital Surface Models obtained form the two surveys allow us to detect illicit activities as earth
removal to collect construction material, creation of cultivable areas, and steal manufacts from archeological excavations. We
calculate that the area covered by the destruction is 121,665 m2
(perimeter of about 2 km2)
the removed material amount to
401,513.5 m3,
a value corresponding to a mass of about 702,648.63 ton. The post-destruction topography is lower of about
3.3 m with respect to the original one. Our anytical and metholodological approach could be extended to other archeological
sites potentially exposed to anthropic and natural hazards.Published110OSA2: Evoluzione climatica: effetti e loro mitigazioneJCR Journa
Detection of Low Frequency Seismicity at Mt. Vesuvius Based on Coherence and Statistical Moments of Seismic Signals
No full textMt. Vesuvius is a high-hazard active volcano surrounded by a densely populated area. Since human activities generate high levels of seismic noise, recognizing low-amplitude seismic events in the signals recorded by the local seismic monitoring network operating at Vesuvius is very difficult. Here, we describe an automatic procedure applied to continuous data with the aim of finding low-amplitude–low-frequency events hidden in the recorded signals. The methodology is based on the computation of two spectral parameters, central frequency Ω and shape factor ẟ, at selected sites, and the coherence of the seismic signal among different sites. The proposed procedure is applied to 28 months of recordings from 2019 to 2021, tuning the search parameters in order to find low-frequency signals similar to those occasionally observed in the past at the same volcano. The results allowed us to identify 80 seismic events that have the spectral features of low-frequency earthquakes or tremor. Among these, 12 events characterized by sufficiently high signal-to-noise ratio have been classified as deep low-frequency earthquakes, most of which are not reported in the catalog. The remaining events (more than 60) are characterized by similar spectral features but with an extremely low amplitude that prevents any reliable location of the source and definitive classification. The results of this work demonstrate that the low-frequency endogenous activity at Mt. Vesuvius volcano is more frequent that previously thought.The dataset used in this paper was collected by mobile and permanent seismic networks, as carried out within the framework of the Agreement (Annex A) between the Italian Civil Protection Department (DPC) and INGV.Published1942V. Struttura e sistema di alimentazione dei vulcaniJCR Journa
The role of stand-alone devices for seismological investigation in volcanic and hydrothermal areas
No full textIn some areas of notable scientific interest, the impossibility of using telemetry stations and the need to ensure
data continuity unequivocally imply the use of stand-alone instrumentation. Here we present some examples of
seismological studies where the use of stand-alone temporary devices led to interesting results. In details, we
show the case of the active volcanic area of Mt. Vesuvius (Italy), and of Mefite D'Ansanto (Italy) CO2 emission
area. The use of high-quality data recoded by temporary broadband seismic stations at Mt. Vesuvius, allowed to estimate the source parameters of the local seismicity in 2018-2020. These stations are located close to the
crater area, their instrumental response is well known and the sites are unaffected by dramatic local amplification. Tectonic, cold CO2 configurations, designed to explore the seismic noise associated to fluid emissions. The favorable location and the adopted geometries, let us to track the wavefield sourced by Mefite emissions, to characterize the associated spectral properties and to formulate some hypothesis on the endogenous source. The investigations on the seismic noise at Mefite evidenced a clear link among the noise amplitude temporal pattern and the meteorological parameters. In 2022 we installed a meteorological station close to the vents, equipped with an anemometer, a rain collector, a temperature and a humidity sensor. It operated for a dry wet season cycle.
Research activities performed on these data are funded by INGV-Strategic Department project FURTHER and
Ricerca Libera project LAST.PublishedArrecife, Lanzarote, Canary Islands, SpainOSV3: Sviluppo di nuovi sistemi osservazionali e di analisi ad alta sensibilit
Bouguer Anomaly Re-Reduction and Interpretative Remarks of the Phlegraean Fields Caldera Structures (Southern Italy)
No full textPhlegraean Fields is a large, active caldera located in the densely populated westernmost
sector of Naples’s Bay (Southern Italy). Several Bouguer anomaly surveys are available for this area
with different resolution and accuracy; gravity data derive from the integration of stations placed
below and above the sea level as the caldera develops both onshore and offshore. The comparison
of these maps with the Digital Elevation Model shows a still remaining Terrain Effect hiding the
shallower and deep caldera structure’s signal. This effect has an impact on the modelling of the gravity
source’s depth and geometry. In this research, we apply a geologically constrained terrain correction
method to the higher resolution Free Air dataset available for the study area to enhance the complete
Bouguer reduction. The correlation analysis between the residual and the topography allows us to
assess the quality of the outcomes. The results represent an improvement in the anomalies’ isolation
and clearly show a continuous circular-like clustering of maxima related to the geometry of the
caldera rim. The minima are associated with volcano-tectonic depression filled with pyroclastic and
sediment. Furthermore, features alignments overlap the fault systems, along which the volcanic
activity occurred.Published209OSA1: Variazioni del campo magnetico terrestre, imaging crostale e sicurezza del territorioOSA4: Ambiente marino, fascia costiera ed Oceanografia operativaJCR Journa