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Dataset on the Judicial Architecture of International Sports Federations (v1.0)
No full text8 data file, 1 documentation file (Zipped)This dataset contains the full coding of the judicial, disciplinary, ethics, and appeal structures of 39 international sports federations (IFs). It forms the empirical basis of the study "Adjudicating the Lex Sportiva in International Sport Federations" (PhD Project at the EUI Law Department). The dataset was produced through a mixed deductive-inductive methodology: a structured coding instrument inspired by the Comparative Constitutions Project defined the analytical framework, and all relevant statutes and regulations were subjected to qualitative text coding in MaxQDA. The resulting codes were subsequently systematised into a structured Excel/CSV matrix. The dataset includes 19 variables capturing organisational identity, judicial model classification, independence guarantees, ethics powers, appeals mechanisms, externalisation of doping adjudication, governance indicators, and organisational capacity. A full codebook and the coding instrument are provided.Data sources: - Statutes and constitutions of international sports federations (IFs) - Disciplinary and ethics codes of IFs - Appeal rules and procedural regulations of IFs - Court of Arbitration for Sports jurisprudence database - Annual reports and financial statements of IFs - Integrity bodies (AIU, ITA) documentation All materials were publicly available at the time of coding
Global risks to the EU 2026
No full textMade online in Cadmus on 10/12/2025Global Risks to the EU’ (RISK-EU) is a large-scale survey designed to quantify expert perceptions of conflict-related threats to European Union security. First launched in 2025 by the Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies (RSCAS) at the European University Institute (EUI), in collaboration with the European Union Institute for Security Studies (EUISS), the Trans European Policy Studies Association (TEPSA), and the European Initiative for Security Studies (EISS), ‘Global Risks to the EU’ constitutes the first continent-wide dataset on global risk perceptions among European experts. A target high-knowledge sample of 500 respondents rank the likelihood and expected impact of 30 predefined risks affecting EU security. By operationalising risk as a measurable construct and applying systematic scoring methods, this initiative aims to generate strategic foresight for European foreign policy. The survey is a yearly academic endeavour also meant to capture trends in threat perceptions among experts. The methodological design of ‘Global Risks to the EU’ draws inspiration from the ‘Preventive Priorities Survey,’ an annual instrument implemented by the Council on Foreign Relations in the United States since 2008. Data collection was conducted drawing upon the networks associated with the EUI, EUISS, TEPSA, and the EISS. The author is also grateful to the Council for European Studies (CES), the largest transatlantic community for the study of Europe, for distributing the survey, and to the Europe’s Futures Initiative (EFI) for supporting this research
Overview and background : transatlantic trade from embedded liberalism to competitive strategic autonomy
No full textPublished online: 20 January 2026Transatlantic trade relations developed after the Second World War through a compromise between embedded liberalism, which enabled an international division of labour, and domestic policy autonomy. This compromise depended on the capacity of the United States and Europe to regulate cross-border capital flows. As capital movements expanded and eventually overshadowed trade flows, the Atlantic partners shifted away from embedded liberalism to manage a more globalized economy. They sought to deepen the international division of labour through both finance and trade while avoiding a race to the bottom in welfare, labour and environmental standards. However, as globalization advanced, it became harder for the transatlantic partners to govern. Emerging economies challenged their influence over global economic institutions and their ability to set international standards. Losing control over globalization also generated domestic pressures, as interdependence produced dislocation and discontent. These dynamics fuelled a politics increasingly centred on domestic priorities rather than international engagement. Donald Trump reflects an extreme form of this trend, although it is visible on both sides of the Atlantic. Today, leaders are more inclined to pursue strategic autonomy even at the expense of cooperation. While the Atlantic economy is unlikely to break apart, it is more likely to muddle through than advance
Life at the margins : gender transgression and sex work in contemporary Turkey
Get PDFThis research deals with a repertoire of collective practices in a community of transfeminine sex workers in urban Turkey. Some of the practices discussed in this thesis refer to building a community, communal spaces, social codes, and relationships which enable trans sex workers to support and protect one another. Other practices can be read as commitments and expressions that challenge violence and marginalization. The research has been carried out within the context of the broader debate on urban marginality. While some studies on this topic have focused solely on its constraining effects, others have overemphasized the enabling potential of margins, romanticizing the solidarity and political agency that emerges in these spaces. Building on a middle position between these two perspectives, my research primarily focuses on the possibilities created at the urban margins, together with specific structural factors. Based on participant observation, semi-structured interviews, and online sources, I begin by explaining the socio-political, legal, economic, and spatial context of trans sex workers in contemporary Turkey. I argue that the ambiguous nature of marginality with respect to these aspects facilitates their alignments and informal ways of organizing. I then investigate the shared spaces, relationships, collective subjectivities, social codes, and labor organization of a specific community of trans sex workers. These structures form the basis of their exchanges of support and community mobilization, and help the community to address its common challenges. I go on to analyze how this population generates a range of struggles, namely, collective protests and individual confrontations, to counter violence and marginalization. Finally, I explore the defying and community-building roles of the shared humor, joy, and laughter that permeate everyday social interactions among sex workers. This thesis makes three original contributions. It shows that urban marginality, albeit less focused, is a critical component in the lives of trans feminine sex workers in Turkey. Secondly, it proposes that gender and sexuality, which are largely overlooked in urban studies, are relevant and significant analytical categories for both urban subordination and politics. Finally, the thesis suggests that urban margins which facilitate alignments and informal means of organizing among people, also constitute the spaces where tensions and ruptures can emerge, and expressions of solidarity and struggle can become fragile. Thus, my research offers a nuanced understanding of urban agency by explaining the material, relational, and discursive opportunities it creates and the complexities and ambivalence that can occur at the margins. Despite their limitations, the collective practices described here support the material and social persistence of sex workers. This is done by establishing communities and friendships, mutual care, claiming visibility, earning a living, and creating joy in the face of the persistent violence, discrimination, and stigma that encircle their lives
Friends or foes? : explaining cohesion in secessionist movements
No full textDefence date: 11 April 2022; Examining Board: Prof. Jennifer Welsh (European University Institute); Prof. Stefano Bartolini (European University Institute); Prof. Kristin Bakke (University College London); Prof. Zachariah Mampilly (City University of New York).While secessionist movements are often understood and portrayed as unitary actors, the majority of these movements consists of multiple factions and organizations that are embroiled in competition or even violent conflict with one another. Cohesion in secessionist movements is thus the exception rather than the rule. What characterizes those movements that do manage to achieve cohesion? And how is it sustained? This exploratory thesis seeks to improve our understanding of cohesion by developing an original typology of cohesion, as well a novel theoretical framework to explain its emergence. With regard to the former, this thesis argues that movement cohesion can take three different forms: (1) unity, in which the movement consists of only one organization that is not divided into factions; (2) synergy, in which different organizations cooperate and coordinate their actions; and (3) hegemony, in which the concentration of power in a single organization allows it to dominate all others. To explain the achievement of these different types of cohesion, the theoretical framework presented in this thesis is structured around four sets of interactions. Firstly, interactions between the movement and the state it confronts are expected to increase the likelihood of cohesion if they generate perceptions of existential threat. Secondly, interactions between the movement and its external sponsors are expected to foster cohesion if external support is either conditional on cooperation, or selectively provided to a single organization. Third, interactions between the movement and the civilian population it represents can also facilitate the achievement of cohesion, either if civilians make their support conditional on cooperation or if a secessionist organization develops governance structures through which it can monopolize popular support. And fourth, interactions within the movement itself, particularly the strategic use of internal violence, can also contribute to cohesion. This theoretical framework is applied to the cases of Western Sahara, Nagorno-Karabakh and Eritrea, demonstrating that there are different pathways to (different forms of) secessionist movement cohesion
'Digital sustainability' : addressing managerial, organizational, and institutional challenges
No full textPublished online: 09 February 2026This special issue of the Academy of Management Perspectives explores the emerging concept of digital sustainability, which integrates digital transformation and sustainability as two “intertwined” imperatives for modern organizations. Organizations are facing mounting pressure to embrace both digital technology and sustainability goals, but the convergence of these agendas remains undertheorized and underexamined in research. In this editorial, we define digital sustainability as the symbiotic pursuit of digital transformation and sustainability performance for the long-term viability of an organization—that is, as the organization’s capability to successfully configure, deploy, and govern digital infrastructures and practices so as to create, capture, and distribute value in ways that are compatible with ecological limits and social justice. The contributions in this special issue examine digital sustainability through multiple conceptual lenses—functional, systems, problematizing, and reflexive perspectives, or a combination thereof—highlighting both its transformative potential and its inherent tensions. Collectively, the articles compiled here demonstrate that outcomes depend not on technology alone but crucially also on governance, organizational capabilities, and institutional context. By consolidating emerging knowledge and outlining future research directions, this collection positions digital sustainability as a central challenge—and opportunity—for scholars, managers, and policymakers alike
The arrival of the multi-order world and its geopolitical implications
No full textPublished online: February 2026This article argues we are now in a multi-order world rather than a multipolar world. Portraying the world as multipolar belies the complexity, significance, and extent of recent changes and could have disastrous policy consequence. As signified by the current turbulence within the liberal international order, in a multi-order world, relationships within orders are as important as relations between orders. In this more complex, fragmented, and diversifying world, there is danger of the liberal international order splitting in two. At the same time, cultural diversity may be a positive aspect of the new ordering architecture. The concept of a multi order world adds theoretical space to see new actors of global and international significance and to focus on the global structure of relations in addition to shifting patterns of power
Country report : Kuwait
No full textThis report discusses citizenship in Kuwait. It explores the history of citizenship in this country, modes of acquisition and loss, and current debates and reform plans regarding citizenship policy.Research for the 2026 GLOBALCIT Reports has been supported by the European University Institute's Global Governance Programme and the British Academy Research Project CITMODES (co-directed by the EUI and the University of Edinburgh)
Patchwork law (love) : how symbolic politics backfires on cohabiting same-sex couples in Poland
No full textPublished online: 06 March 2026The ruling coalition came to power on a clear promise: to liberalize abortion law and introduce legal recognition for same-sex couples. While abortion bills have reached the committee stage and now await a more favorable political climate – or a president willing to sign them into law, the government bill on civil partnerships was ultimately withdrawn at the end of 2025. A new bill on cohabitation agreements instead seeks to grant both same-sex and opposite-sex couples selected rights currently reserved for married spouses, aiming to make everyday family life easier while deliberately preserving a clear legal and symbolic distinction from marriage. The result is a political compromise within the coalition: a piecemeal framework that risks creating second-class family relationships while leaving some key issues unresolved or overly complicated
Revisiting digital falsehood : why youth-centred policy matters
No full textThis paper argues that digital falsehoods should be understood not as isolated ‘fake news,’ but as a systemic ‘false information regime’ that produces cumulative public harm, particularly for young people. It is a governance failure emerging from platform incentives, regulatory gaps, political interests, and economic models. Within this ecosystem, youth occupy a paradoxical position: they are intensive users of digital platforms, highly exposed to manipulation, and at the same time key vectors in the rapid circulation of misleading narratives. The consequences extend beyond distorted online debate to tangible harm, including polarisation, erosion of trust in institutions, and the translation of online mobilisation into offline violence. The paper contends that platform regulation alone, however necessary, is insufficient. It calls for youth centred, preventive, and system level interventions, including curriculum embedded digital literacy, design safeguards, algorithmic accountability, and regulatory oversight of emerging fact-checking arrangements, offering transnational policy lessons and democratic safeguards in the Global South and beyond