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Trattato di pace et accommodamento delli moti di guerra eccitati per causa d'Uscochi tra il re Ferdinando di Austria e la Republica di Venezia
No full textSurvival in Speculative Markets
No full textIn this paper, I consider an exchange economy with complete markets where agents have heterogeneous beliefs and, possibly, preferences, and investigate the Market Selection Hypothesis that speculation rewards the agent with the most accurate beliefs. First, on the methodological level, I derive the relative consumption dynamics as a function of agents’ effective discount factors, related to consumption decisions across time, and agents’ effective beliefs, related to consumption decisions across states. Sufficient conditions for agents’ survival, either in isolation or in a group, depend on the relative size of effective discount factors and on the relative accuracy of effective beliefs. Then, I show that in economies where agents maximize an Epstein-Zin utility the Market Selection Hypothesis fails: there exist parametrizations where the agent with correct beliefs vanishes and parametrizations where beliefs heterogeneity persists in the long run. Results are robust to local changes of beliefs, risk preferences, and the aggregate endowment process. These failures are shown not to occur when agents’ Epstein-Zin utility has a subjective expected utility representation due to an interdependence of effective discount factors and effective beliefs
Psychological verbs as a vulnerable syntactic domain: A comparative study of Latin and Italian
No full textSo-called psychological verbs such as Italian temere ‘fear’ preoccupare ‘worry’ and piacere ‘like’ denote a particular state that involves an Experiencer and a second role taker that causes, initiates or is related to the psychological state. They present an extremely varied argument structure across languages that arranges these two roles in apparently inverted hierarchies and assigns them different grammatical functions (subject, direct, indirect and prepositional objects). This paper aims to provide a descriptively adequate taxonomy of psych-verbs in Latin in a comparative perspective with Italian. We individuate seven classes of psych-verbs and show that they distribute across the transitive, unergative, unaccusative pattern with the possibility of externalising either argument, therefore creating three “direct” and three “inverted” classes. The seventh class is impersonal, with no external argument. We show that the diachronic variation and apparent idiosyncrasies displayed by some verbs can be explained by the proposal that the seven classes are potentially available to all psych-roots. For this reason, psych-verbs present a high degree of vulnerability in language contact and change which results in intra-language optionality and diachronic variation
Lignin for nano- and microscaled carrier systems: applications, trends and challenges
No full textTo liberate the society from the dependence on fossil materials it is pivotal to explore components of renewable plant biomass in applications that benefit from their intrinsic biodegradability, safety, and sustainability. Lignin, a byproduct of the pulp and paper industry, is a plausible material for carrying various types of cargo in small- and large-scale applications. We review the possibilities and constraints regarding the physical-chemical properties of the lignin source as well as modifications and processing required to render lignins suitable for the loading and release of pesticides, pharmaceuticals, and biological macromolecules. In addition, we discuss critically the technical challenges, regulatory and toxicological aspects, and future research needed to realize some of the promises that nano- and microscaled lignin materials hold for a sustainable future
Evidence for a conserved microbiota across the different developmental stages of Plodia interpunctella
No full textDiversity and composition of lepidopteran microbiotas are poorly investigated, especially across the different developmental stages. To improve this knowledge, we characterize the microbiota among different developmental stages of the Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella, which is considered one of the major pest of commodities worldwide. Using culture-independent approach based on Illumina 16S rRNA gene sequencing we characterized the microbiota of four developmental stages: eggs, first-, and last-instar larvae, and adult. A total of 1022 bacterial OTUs were obtained, showing a quite diversified microbiota associated to all the analyzed stages. The microbiotas associated with P. interpunctella resulted almost constant throughout the developmental stages, with approximately 77% of bacterial OTUs belonging to the phylum of Proteobacteria. The dominant bacterial genus is represented by Burkholderia (∼64%), followed by Propionibacterium, Delftia, Pseudomonas, and Stenotrophomonas. A core bacterial community, composed of 139 OTUs, was detected in all the developmental stages, among which 112 OTUs were assigned to the genus Burkholderia. A phylogenetic reconstruction, based on the 16S rRNA, revealed that our Burkholderia OTUs clustered with Burkholderia cepacia complex, in the same group of those isolated from the hemipterans Gossyparia spuria and Acanthococcus aceris. The functional profiling, predicted on the base of the bacterial 16S rRNA, indicates differences in the metabolic pathways related to metabolism of amino acids between preimaginal and adult stages. We can hypothesize that bacteria may support the insect host during preimaginal stages
Recent studies of docking and molecular dynamics simulation for liquid‐phase enantioseparations
No full textLiquid‐phase enantioseparations have been fruitfully applied in several fields of science. Various applications along with technical and theoretical advancements contributed to increase significantly the knowledge in this area. Nowadays, chromatographic techniques, in particular HPLC on chiral stationary phase, are considered as mature technologies. In the last thirty years, CE has been also recognized as one of the most versatile technique for analytical scale separation of enantiomers. Despite the huge number of papers published in these fields, understanding mechanistic details of the stereoselective interaction between selector and selectand is still an open issue, in particular for high‐molecular weight chiral selectors like polysaccharide derivatives. With the ever growing improvement of computer facilities, hardware and software, computational techniques have become a basic tool in enantioseparation science. In this field, molecular docking and dynamics simulations proved to be extremely adaptable to model and visualize at molecular level the spatial proximity of interacting molecules in order to predict retention, selectivity, enantiomer elution order, and profile noncovalent interactions patterns underlying the recognition process. On this basis, topics and trends in using docking and molecular dynamics as theoretical complement of experimental LC and CE chiral separations are described herein. The basic concepts of these computational strategies and seminal studies performed over time are presented, with a specific focus on literature published between 2015 and November 2018. A systematic compilation of all published literature has not been attempted
Polarization and Fake News
No full textUsers’ polarization and confirmation bias play a key role in misinformation spreading on online social media. Our aim is to use this information to determine in advance potential targets for hoaxes and fake news. In this article, we introduce a framework for promptly identifying polarizing content on social media and, thus, “predicting” future fake news topics. We validate the performances of the proposed methodology on a massive Italian Facebook dataset, showing that we are able to identify topics that are susceptible to misinformation with 77% accuracy. Moreover, such information may be embedded as a new feature in an additional classifier able to recognize fake news with 91% accuracy. The novelty of our approach consists in taking into account a series of characteristics related to users’ behavior on online social media such as Facebook, making a first, important step towards the mitigation of misinformation phenomena by supporting the identification of potential misinformation targets and thus the design of tailored counter-narratives
Diarios públicos y privados: Juana Manuela Gorriti y Teresa Wilms Montt
No full textA partir del concepto de «escritura de yo» como género de frontera, el texto analiza los diarios de Juana Manuela Gorriti y Teresa Wilms Montt, indicando diferencias sustanciales y características comunes. Las obras de Juana Manuela Gorriti aparecen dialógicas, en cuanto narración de un Yo que se relaciona con los otros y el mundo histórico y cultural de la época. Por el contrario, la escritura solipsista de Teresa Wilms Montt no aspira a interpretar la historia o a confrontarse con los problemas sociales, identificándose fuera del tiempo y el espacio. Para ambas, la autobiografía se convierte en un modo de reflexionar sobre la memoria, con el fin de construir el propio papel de mujeres y autoras. Estrechamente relacionadas, escritura e historia subrayan así la frontera entre lo privado y lo público, barrera rígida de la modernidad que las escritoras superan de manera original. Si en Juana Manuela Gorriti convive la mujer del siglo XIX, atada a la historia social, política y cultural de los personajes y lugares de su vida, en Teresa Wilms Montt la divergencia surge de la intimidad de una escritura que convoca el relato de su historia personal, permitiéndole inventar su propia identidad