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Il problema della pena e la difesa dei diritti umani. Note di discussione, rileggendo H. Spencer
No full textInteracting with the reflections proposed by Stefano Anastasia, regarding the theme of prisoners' rights, urged, in particular, by the problem of overcrowding, which has long afflicted the prison system, the article moves from some suggestions taken from Herbert Spencer's essay, Prison Ethics . It asks if a rethinking of the penal paradigm, more decisively than what has been done so far, according to the non-syncretistic but authentically synthetic logic of reparation, can let it possible to seriously take into account the rights of persons who have committed a crime. Moreover, it suggets that this should be done combining the reasons of humanitarianism and those of efficiencyism with the need for the defence of society, the respect for the personality of the convicted and the rights and duties of all citizens
Uncertainty-Aware Emissions Assessment for cruise-ship itinerary planning
No full textThis work briefly presents a fast Monte-Carlo driven simulation methodology developed to predict probability distributions of fuel consumption, CO2 emissions and Carbon Intensity Indicator (CII) related to a cruise itinerary. The model couples a physically grounded ship power prediction model based on 3-DoF heading/rudder equilibrium with an electric power balance and power-management system (PMS) mapping. Environmental uncertainty (waves, wind, currents, temperature), and Fresh Water (FW) consumption are sampled to generate deterministic scenarios that are then simulated to obtain empirical probability distributions of key indicators. Results on a West-Mediterranean one-week cruise show that simple strategic changes (itinerary reversal, disabling onboard FW production, and PMS optimization) can reduce weekly CO2 by up to 10% (≈275 tCO2e) and improve most-probable CII from E to C. Computational cost is suitable for planning (≈173 s per scenario/core; 3000 MC runs ~180 min on a 48-proc cluster).Questo lavoro presenta una metodologia di simulazione rapida basata sul metodo Monte Carlo, sviluppata per prevedere le distribuzioni di probabilità del consumo di carburante, delle emissioni di CO2 e dell'indicatore di intensità di carbonio (CII) relativi a un itinerario di crociera. Il modello accoppia un modello di previsione della potenza di una nave fisicamente a terra basato sull'equilibrio di rotta/timone a 3 gradi di libertà con un bilancio di potenza elettrica e una mappatura del sistema di gestione della potenza (PMS). L'incertezza ambientale (onde, vento, correnti, temperatura) e il consumo di acqua dolce (FW) vengono campionati per generare scenari deterministici che vengono poi simulati per ottenere distribuzioni di probabilità empiriche degli indicatori chiave. I risultati di una crociera di una settimana nel Mediterraneo occidentale mostrano che semplici cambiamenti strategici (inversione dell'itinerario, disattivazione della produzione FW a bordo e ottimizzazione del PMS) possono ridurre la CO2 settimanale fino al 10% (≈275 tCO2e) e migliorare il CII più probabile da E a C. Il costo computazionale è adatto alla pianificazione (≈173 s per scenario/core; 3000 MC vengono eseguiti per circa 180 min su un cluster da 48 processi)
Reverse logistics in agri-food supply chains: a systematic literature review
No full textThis paper aims to explore, through the analysis of 153 scientific articles (1998-2023), how reverse logistics contributes to reducing food and packaging waste, decreasing green¬house gas emissions and improving agri-food supply chain efficiency. The research pays particular attention to reverse logistics’ role within a circular business model in a) re¬ducing food waste, and b) mitigating the system’s contribution to climate change by reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The main subject areas related to reverse logistics, analyzed in the literature, include waste management, inventory optimization, pack¬aging management and the perishable nature of food products. The review highlights the growing importance of reverse logistics in reducing food waste, managing packag¬ing, and addressing the challenges related to the perishable nature of food products. The findings also highlight reverse logistics as a key tool for applying circular economy strat¬egies, pointing to challenges that require greater integration across the different food supply chains, collaboration between different economic agents of the agri-food system and stakeholders, and policy support. The study identifies key barriers such as inade¬quate infrastructure, high costs, and a lack of coordination among supply chain actors. In response, the literature suggests solutions including investments in cold chain systems, improved traceability, and supportive public policies
La σοφία femminile in età ellenistica e imperiale: casi epigrafici ed epigrammatici greci
No full textIl contributo esamina casi di iscrizioni greche di età ellenistica e imperiale che elogiano la σοφία di figure femminili, interpretabile non solo come generica saggezza e sapienza, ma anche come educazione e formazione poetico-musicale. Gli esempi SGO 04/02/11, I.Eleusis 470, SGO 18/17/01, IScM II 375, I.Napoli 130, cui si aggiunge quale confronto letterario l’epigramma Leon.Alex. AP IX 355, attestano la diffusione di una rappresentazione femminile (anche) in termini di cultura.This contribution examines cases of Greek inscriptions from the Hellenistic and Imperial periods, which praise the σοφία of female figures. This term does not only correspond to generic wisdom and knowledge, but also to education, and poetic and musical training. The examples SGO 04/02/11, I.Eleusis 470, SGO 18/17/01, IScM II 375, I.Napoli 130, to which is added as a literary comparison the epigram Leon.Alex. AP IX 355, attest to the spread of a female representation (also) in terms of culture
Notes on the Roman cult and the depictions of Apollo from the territory of Salona
No full textThis paper presents findings related to the cult and depictions of Apollo in the territory of Salona, in the Roman province of Dalmatia. An analysis of inscriptions on two altars suggests that Apollo was worshipped in Salona both publicly and privately. The image of Apollo in a mosaic, as part of the floor decoration of a Roman residence, further attests to the popularity of his iconography for decorative purposes. As for the statues identified in the literature as depictions of Apollo, there is no definitive conclusion yet regarding whether they indeed represent the deity, or what their intended function was
A wrong political path. The Chinese Communist Party’s assessment of Gorbachev (1992-2022)
No full textThe dissolution of the Soviet Union represented a key turning point for China, forcing the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) to carefully reflect on the causes of the Soviet collapse and the responsibility of Mikhail Gorbachev in it. In particular the Chinese communist leadership placed at the center of its political and ideological analysis some main questions: what were the fundamental causes of the end of the Soviet Union?; what role did the Soviet leader have in this process?; and finally: how can we prevent a similar fate for the CCP? In the following pages we will try to highlight the essential aspects of the political and historiographical debate that has developed on this issue in China since 1992 until Gorbachev’s death in 2022
MacIntyre e la razionalità narrativa. Comprendere l'azione oltre l'intenzione
No full textThis essay offers a reflection on the role of narrative in understanding human action, taking Alasdair MacIntyre’s perspective as a key framework for rethinking the intelligibility of moral agency. Through a critical engagement with G.E.M. Anscombe and Stephen Brock, it highlights the epistemological function of narrative in accounting not only for explicit intentions, but also for the consequences of praeter intentionem, which often accompany human action. Far from being a mere interpretative tool, narrative emerges as the very structure within which action becomes intelligible, evaluable, and communicable. The narrative unity of moral life—rooted in historical and communal traditions—thus appears as a condition for genuine responsibility. The essay concludes by emphasizing the necessity of shared deliberation as a means to grasp the complexity of human motivation and to orient action toward the common good
Redefining, Revitalizing or Revolutionizing Language Education? That Is the Question
No full textGenerative Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools are transforming language education in university settings. Unlike previous technologies that primarily supported teaching or enriched learning environments, generative AI introduces a qualitative leap that challenges long-standing pedagogical methods, epistemological assumptions, educator perspectives and institutional structures. This article outlines the evolution of technology use in Italian university language centres, highlighting how AI demands a rethinking of educational objectives, teaching roles, and assessment practices. It explores AI’s pedagogical potential— including personalization, automated feedback, and cultural-linguistic inclusivity—while emphasizing the ethical and institutional challenges posed by a foreseeable rapid adoption of the new tools. Drawing on frameworks from UNESCO and international initiatives, the article argues for a human-centred, collaborative approach where AI supports but does not replace educators. Finally, it shares practical examples from the author’s teaching practice that illustrate how AI can foster critical thinking and learner autonomy within a new triangular paradigm involving teachers, students, and AI systems
Variaciones milanesas: acerca de normas, razones y acciones
No full textThis paper includes my rejoinders to the comments to my book Lo normative: variedades y variaciones (2020), which took place at the Bocconi University of Milan in November 2023. My reply contains three main sections and a conclu-sion. First, the second section will be devoted to the logic of the normative and I will comment there on the contributions of Ciro de Florio and Pablo Navarro. Then, in the third section, it will be the turn of ethics, with contributions by Sofia Bonicalzi and Marco Brigaglia. Finally, in the fourth section, law will be dis-cussed with contributions by Angelo Abignente and Chiara Valentini. The fifth section will be devoted to some final words, suggesting that, in a way, law is something like applied logic and ethics
Competencies Over Degrees: A Paradigm Shift in Education and Employment in Post-Conflict Somalia
No full textThis essay examines the growing importance of practical skills over formal ac¬ademic degrees, with a focus on Somalia’s post-conflict context. It highlights how vocational and technical training (TVET) supports youth employment, economic recovery, and social reintegration, particularly in sectors such as construction, fisheries, and ICT. Drawing on global evidence and Somali case studies, the chapter underscores the role of competencies, con¬tinuous learning, entrepreneurship, and soft skills in promoting stability. It also emphasizes the importance of public-private partnerships and international support to bridge gaps be¬tween education and labor market needs, concluding that integrating competency-based edu¬cation into national reconstruction strategies is crucial for sustainable peace and development.Questo saggio esamina la crescente importanza delle competenze pratiche ri¬spetto ai titoli accademici formali, con particolare attenzione al contesto post-conflitto della Somalia. Esso evidenzia come la formazione professionale e tecnica (TVET) supporti l’oc¬cupazione giovanile, la ripresa economica e il reinserimento sociale, in particolare in settori come l’edilizia, la pesca e le ICT. Basandosi su dati globali e casi di studio somali, il capi¬tolo sottolinea il ruolo delle competenze, dell’apprendimento continuo, dell’imprenditorialità e delle competenze trasversali nel promuovere la stabilità. Sottolinea inoltre l’importanza dei partenariati pubblico-privati e del sostegno internazionale per colmare il divario tra istru¬zione e bisogni del mercato del lavoro, concludendo che l’integrazione dell’istruzione basata sulle competenze nelle strategie di ricostruzione nazionale è fondamentale per la pace e lo sviluppo sostenibili