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Leder högre skolmatskvalitet till lägre ungdomsfetma? : En paneldataanalys av finska kommuner 2017–2022
No full textGraden av fetma ökar kontinuerligt i världen: 4 miljarder människor är prognoserade att vara överviktiga år 2035. Antalet människor som lider av fetma i Finland ökar även ständigt, inklusive ungdomar. År 2015 introducerades en skolmatskvalitetsindikator, vilket möjliggör jämförande av skolmatskvaliteten kommuner emellan.
Syftet med avhandlingen är att undersöka associationen mellan skolmatskvaliteten och ungdomsfetman i finska kommuner 2017–2022. Leder högre kvalitet på skolmaten i kommunen till lägre fetma hos 13–16-åringar? Studien utförs genom att använda POLS-regressioner, samt en robusthetsanalys med kommunfixa och årsfixa effekter. En robusthetsanalys utförs även med hjälp av imputation, på grund av saknade data.
Ett nollresultat hittas för skolmatskvalitetens inverkan på ungdomsfetma. Ingen signifikant effekt kommer från någon av regressionerna. Däremot uppkommer statistiskt signifikanta och tämligen starka effekter av fattigdomsgraden i kommunen
Klassificering av mafiska gångar i Hangö-Ingå skärgård
No full textIn this study, intraorogenic dikes in the Hanko-Ingå area, Southern Finland, are studied in terms of age, geochemistry and petrography. An intraorogenic period has recently been identified in several studies, regarding the Southern Finland Subprovince (SFS). It is recognized by intraorogenic mafic dikes that sharply cut the synorogenic rocks in the area. The intraorogenic dikes have been metamorphosed during the later orogenic stage. Mature quartzites have also been found in nearby areas, which indicates the presence of sedimentary basins during the intraorogenic period. Intraorogenic mafic dikes appear in the selected area for this study. The observed dikes often display a sharp contact to the surrounding country rock and have been metamorphosed. The sharp contact serves as evidence for brittle country rock during the intrusive dike magmatism. Folding and boudinage of the dikes proves that they deformed after intrusion into the crust. Geochemical analyses suggest a characteristic mafic, mantle derived composition, of the sampled dikes. Comparisons of geochemical data indicate tectonic switching or incomplete back-arc formation as possible tectonic settings. LA-SC-ICPMS age determinations reveal ages of 1867±5.1 Ma (11B-MAR-2021), 1871±11 Ma (11B-MAR-2021) and 1878±9.5 Ma (12-MAR-2021) which could extend the previously proposed extensional period to a longer event
Patient outcomes of Advanced Practice Nursing-led heart failure remote monitoring models : A scoping review
No full textBackground: Globally heart failure is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. This chronic disease causes severe symptoms with a significant burden to society and health care providers. The lack of healthcare resources causes the need for new technological solutions for managing complex chronic conditions. Advanced practice nurses are educated professionals with advanced skills and a broad scope of practice.
Objective: This study aims to describe patient outcomes in advanced practice nurse-led remote monitoring of heart failure patients globally in primary and secondary care settings. This study describes the outcomes of advanced practice nurse-led remote monitoring for heart failure patients in studies between January 2014 – April 2024.
Methods: The scoping review method was utilized in this study. Data was searched through CINAHL, MEDLINE, PubMed and ProQuest databases, and Google Scholar by inclusion and exclusion criteria. Ten eligible studies were identified, and findings were analysed by using inductive content analysis.
Results: Content analyses were used to extract the data. Results were summarized and charted. Five main themes emerged from outcomes: 1) healthcare visits and hospitalization, 2) access to healthcare, 3) general self-care and management, 4) clinical outcomes and quality of life, and 5) device usability. The results were mainly positive.
Conclusions: Advanced practice nurse-led remote monitoring of HF patients reduced hospital readmissions, improved access to healthcare and, -contributed also to better self-care and management. The remote monitoring was also related to factors which affect the quality of life positively. Remote devices were generally accepted and well-adapted by patients. Negative results were less represented but positive outcomes were not explicitly exclusive to advanced practice nurses either
Markov Model for Credit Risk Spreads
No full textThis thesis presents a discrete-time model for the term structure of credit risk spreads. The main contribution of the model is the modeling of the bankruptcy process as a discrete-time Markov chain. First, some key mathematical and financial concepts are explained, since they are necessary to understand the model. Then, the well-known Fundamental Theorem of Asset Pricing is given and partly proven. Two methods for asset pricing, no-arbitrage pricing and risk-neutral valuation, are discussed and then applied to an option pricing example in the Cox, Ross and Rubinstein model. Next, the Markov model for credit risk spreads is explained, putting an emphasis on the type of conditions the risk-neutral measure must fulfill for arbitrage-free and complete markets. A recursive procedure is derived for determining risk premiums that will match the risk-neutral probabilities to a given term structure. We conclude with a few examples of hedging with the Markov model when the number of credit class states is two. Many simplifying assumptions are made throughout the model to facilitate implementation and have the model serve as a basis for further research on the topic
The feeding choices and competition of juvenile flounder Platichthys flesus, brown shrimp Crangon crangon and sand goby Pomatoschistus minutus
No full textFör att kartlägga konkurrensförhållandet mellan juvenil flundra, sandräka och sandstubb gjordes en undersökning bestående av en fältkartering och ett experiment i akvarium. Fältkarteringens upplägg ger svar på frågor om de epibentiska predatorernas förekomst samt de centrala organismernas födoval. Arternas sammansättning och tätheter kontrollerades för bottenfaunan på de två lokalerna som besöktes och stabila isotoper på primärkonsument- och sekundärkonsumentnivå analyserades. Maginnehållsanalyser av flundra och sandräka visar att mollusker, crustaceer och Chironomus sp. är de viktigaste födoobjekten. Sandstubbens diet dominerades av crustaceer, M. balthica och Chironomus sp. Då de undersökta dieterna jämförs med den tillgängliga födan kan man konstatera att de tre predatorerna utnyttjar det som finns tillgängligt och valet av föda inte följer så tydliga mönster för de enskilda arterna, därtill utnyttjas ett stort antal olika byten vilket är typiskt för generalister. Analyserna av stabila isotoper ger en bild av predatorer med väldigt lika föda över en längre tidsperiod.
Juvenil flundra och sandräka erbjöds Bathyporeia pilosa och Macoma baltica som bytesdjur i experimentella förhållanden. Predationsexperimentet där de två bytesdjuren erbjöds samtidigt utfördes dag och natt med två predatorer av samma art respektive olika art. Resultaten från experimentet ger signifikanta skillnader i konsumtion av föda för olika tider av dygnet. Flundra intar aktivast föda på dagen och sandräka på natten. Flundror på dagen konsumerade signifikant mera M. baltica än B. pilosa och sandräka visade tendenser att preferera B. pilosa. Resultaten från de båda delstudierna stöder varandra och visar på att de undersökta predatorerna är generalister som effektivt utnyttjar den föda som finns tillgänglig. Flundrans och sandräkans nischer skiljer sig åt tidsmässigt
A Mixed Method Approach to Digital Resilience Awareness - Identifying Business Capabilities for Future Preparedness
No full textThe shift towards digitalization in the business world has made it increasingly important for companies to prioritize digital resilience to navigate and recover from disruptions effectively. This involves developing robust business processes, managing resources, monitoring operational environment and creating solid digital infrastructure to ensure the continuity of operations. Despite abundant research and academic papers on resilience, there is a noticeable lack of focus on digital resilience awareness within different industry sectors. This thesis addresses this gap by thoroughly examining existing literature on digital resilience models and frameworks to enhance understanding of this area.
The aim of this thesis is to delve into previous digital resilience literature with a comprehensive mixed methods approach. This involves conducting a thorough literature review and an anonymous online questionnaire. The study pursues to identify necessary capabilities for developing digital resilience within organizations and to evaluate the current level of digital resilience awareness across different industry sectors in Finland. The results are meticulously analyzed using qualitative and quantitative methods to ensure a comprehensive understanding of the findings.
The findings of the survey show that employees in sectors such as construction and manufacturing, healthcare, and transportation lack digital resilience awareness the most. On the other hand, sectors like IT and finance demonstrate higher levels of digital resilience awareness. An overall understanding of digital resilience and elements influencing digital resilience were identified. Consequently, a digital resilience matrix was created based on the literature review. The results of the online questionnaire showed similarities with previous research conducted on digital resilience, complementing both findings. Ultimately, the thesis provides valuable and practical insights that expand existing literature within the field of digital resilience
Medical Interventions on Intersex Children in the Context of International Human Rights Law : In the Best Interests of the Child or Treatment Contrary to the Prohibition of ill-treatment?
No full textThis study focuses on the concept of best interests of the child, which is included in Article 3(1) of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, and the prohibition of ill-treatment, Article 3 of the European Convention on Human Rights, together with the concept of free and informed consent in the context of medical interventions on intersex children. More precisely, it analyses how the best interests of the child, and the prohibition of ill-treatment are interpreted in the case of medical interventions on intersex children, as medical interventions, such as genital surgery, are performed on infants and young children who are not capable to give their free and informed consent. Therefore, the concept of free and informed consent in this context is analysed as well. The irreversible medical interventions have lifelong physical and mental consequences on intersex children, including sterilisation, infections, reduced or complete loss of sexual sensation, depression, and post-traumatic symptoms, but these interventions are still carried out with the parental consent and medical professionals’ recommendation. No binding international human rights treaty mentions intersex children, or intersex persons, but different treaty bodies recognise the situation of intersex children.
Using the legal dogmatic method, the study systemizes the current situation of medical interventions on intersex children under the international human rights law by analysing the prohibition of ill-treatment with the help of case law of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) including cases of forced sterilisation and force-feeding and analysing the concept of best interests of the child through the General Comments and other interpretative material of the Committee on the Rights of the Child. The elements of vulnerability, medical necessity and intention of medical professionals have weight in the ECtHR’ assessment of prohibition of ill-treatment with regard to medical interventions. The child’s right to be heard and evolving capacities of the child are essential in the analysis since the child’s best interests and the concept of free and informed consent emphasize the meaning of children’s participation in matters affecting them.
Young children’s agency is frequently overlooked or rejected as inappropriate on the grounds of age and immaturity, but as the holders of rights, even the youngest children are entitled to express their views. It is not the parents or medical professionals whose interests should be served by performing irreversible medical interventions on intersex children since it is the best interests of the child that shall be considered in all actions concerning children. As the child’s best interests should be assessed considering the child’s evolving capacities, future and long-term consequences of decisions affecting the child, the parental consent to justify irreversible medical interventions on intersex children is questionable. Contrasting the prevailing medical practice and the notion of young children as right-holders shows how little weight is given to intersex children’s rights, as irreversible genital surgery and other medical interventions are performed on them without greater attention to intersex children’s best interests, the right to be heard and their evolving capacities
How Do Firms Respond to Risk-based Tax Audits?
No full textWe analyze firm responses to risk-based tax audits – a central tool in regular tax enforcement – using full-population data on tax audits and tax returns in Finland. We find an immediate and persistent increase in reported profits by the audited firms after being audited compared to matched non-audited firms with a similar development in key outcomes before the audit. This is an indication of significant non-compliance in the baseline. We also examine the anatomy of non-compliance and find that both revenue and labor costs increase after audits, suggesting that some firms may follow a strategy of under-reporting their overall scale of operation. We use novel data on bankruptcy petitions and court decisions to investigate whether stricter tax enforcement has implications for real economic activity. We find a large increase in the likelihood of bankruptcy after audits among non-compliant firms, but no increase in bankruptcies for compliant firms.nonPeerReviewe
Luonnonvaraisten eläinten tieliikenneonnettomuuksien vähentäminen ja tienristeämisturvallisuuden lisääminen Keski-Suomen maantieverkolla 2023 : Tarveselvitys
No full textTämä tarveselvitys on ensimmäinen koko luonnonvaraiseläinkuntaa tarkasteleva tarveselvitys koko Keski-Suomen maantieverkon tieturvallisuuteen liittyen. Selvityksen mallina on ollut Varsinais-Suomen ELY-keskuksen ”Hirvieläinonnettomuuksien vähentämissuunnitelma Varsinais-Suomen ja Satakunnan maakuntien alueella 2017”, jonka näkökulmaa on laajennettu koko luonnonvaraiseläinkuntaa huomioon ottavaksi päivityskelpoiseksi selvitykseksi.
Työssä kartoitettiin käytössä olevat keinot luonnonvaraiseläinten tieliikenneonnettomuuksien vähentämiseksi ja tienristeämisturvallisuuden parantamiseksi Keski-Suomen maantieverkolla. Selvitettiin, mitkä Keski-Suomessa elävät luonnonvaraiseläinlajit tarvitsevat eniten liikkumissuojausta törmäysturvallisuuden ja elinympäristön säilyvyyden kannalta sekä määritettiin eniten suojausta tarvitsevien luonnonvaraiseläinlajien merkittävimmät kulkureitit ja elinympäristöt suhteessa Keski-Suomen maantieverkkoon.
Työssä toteutettiin kysely Keski-Suomen riistahoitoyhdistyksille. Kysely tehtiin karttakyselynä. Kyselyn tuloksena saatiin havaintoja riistaeläinten tienylityskohdista sekä suosituksia tienristeämisturvallisuuden parantamiseksi.
Työssä esitetään toimenpidesuositukset luonnonvaraisten eläinten huomioimiseksi osaksi maanteiden kunnossapitoa ja suunnittelua.
Liitteet 1-4 sisältävät skaalattavia karttoja, ja tästä johtuen ne eivät ole täysin saavutettavia.ei tietoa saavutettavuudest