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No full textIntroduction: Managing obesity in patients with chronic kidney disease is crucial for managing disease progression. Psychological interventions, particularly cognitive behavioral therapy, can support lifestyle changes. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a cognitive behavioral therapy intervention for obesity management in patients with chronic kidney disease. Methods: Forty patients with chronic kidney disease (stages 2–4) were randomized to either an intervention group (nutritional and physical activity counseling and 16-week cognitive behavioral therapy) or a control group (nutritional and physical activity counseling only). Primary outcomes were body mass index (BMI) and proteinuria. Results: The intervention group lost an average of 5.42 kg (BMI decrease: 1.82 kg/m²), compared to 1.53 kg (BMI decrease: 0.53 kg/m²) in the control group. A significant group-by-time interaction was observed for BMI (F(1,36) = 32.24, p = 0.004, ŋ²=0.21), favoring the intervention group. Effects remained significant at three-month follow-up, with an average weight loss of 4.63 kg (BMI decrease: 1.59 kg/m²) in the intervention group and 2.51 kg (BMI decrease: 0.87 kg/m²) in control group (F(2,70) = 5.54, p = 0.026, ŋ²=0.12). Changes in proteinuria did not differ between groups. Conclusion: Cognitive behavioral therapy was effective and well-tolerated for promoting weight loss with most of the lost weight maintained at the three-month follow-up. This intervention may offer a valuable non-pharmacological treatment option for weight management in patients with chronic kidney disease
Intramolecular sensitization and structure of a Tb/2-hydroxyquinoline conjugate in the paraoxonase 1 active site
No full textParaoxonase 1 (PON1) is a Ca-dependent enzyme involved in oxidative stress processes and is widely studied for its protective roles in various diseases. Intermolecular sensitization of lanthanide ions was implemented by replacing Ca ions from the recombinant PON1 (rePON1) catalytic site in the presence of 2-hydroxyquinoline (2HQ) as an external antenna. Although the replacement of Ca ions with lanthanide ions indicates weaker binding affinity for the coordination of 2HQ in the protein milieu of the rePON1 active site, it results in the formation of a highly emissive supramolecular complex in the case of Tb ions. The architecture of the ternary rePON1 : Tb : 2HQ conjugate, which allows efficient terbium sensitization and its specific long-wavelength metal phosphorescence emission, was resolved by X-ray crystallography. These findings could establish a non-catalytic quantification strategy for PON1 and provide additional structural insights into lanthanide substitution in this Ca-dependent enzyme
Prostorska analiza tveganja stanovanjske in socialne prikrajšanosti
No full textHousing and social deprivation is a socially and spatially conditioned phenomenon that extends beyond material scarcity and encompasses limited access to resources, services, and adequate living environments. This form of deprivation is shaped by various factors, among which population ageing, urbanisation, and spatial transformations are pivotal for understanding housing vulnerability and spatial (in)justice. This paper investigates the impact of housing conditions, local economic characteristics, the quality of the residential environment, and ageingrelated demographic processes on the risk index of housing and social deprivation across Slovenian municipalities. Employing geographically weighted regression, we assess local spatial effects and demonstrate that global models tend to underestimate the degree of spatial heterogeneity of these phenomena. The applied cartographic visualisations highlight spatial disparities in the influence of the examined de terminants, thereby providing deeper insights into the patterns of deprivation. These findings can significantly inform the design of more effective and spatially targeted policy measures, particularly tailored to the needs of an ageing population.Stanovanjska in socialna prikrajšanost je družbeno in prostorsko pogojen pojav, ki presega materialno pomanjkanje ter vključuje omejen dostop do virov, storitev in ustreznega bivalnega okolja. Na to obliko prikrajšanosti vplivajo številni dejavniki, pri čemer so za razumevanje stanovanjske ranljivosti in prostorske (ne)pravičnosti ključni staranje prebivalstva, urbanizacija in prostorske spremembe. Prispevek preučuje vpliv stanovanjskih razmer, ekonomskih značilnosti lokalnega okolja, kakovosti bivalnega prostora in dejavnikov, povezanih s staranjem prebivalstva, na indeks tveganja stanovanjske in socialne prikrajšanosti v slovenskih občinah. Z uporabo geografsko obtežene regresije analiziramo lokalne prostorske vplive in ugotavljamo, da globalni model podcenjuje prostorsko raznolikost teh pojavov. Uporabljeni kartografski prikazi razkrivajo prostorske razlike v vplivu obravnavanih dejavnikov, kar omogoča boljše razumevanje vzorcev prikrajšanosti. To lahko bistveno prispeva k oblikovanju učinkovitejših in prostorsko ciljanih ukrepov, ki so prilagojeni potrebam starajočega se prebivalstva
Conceptual design of a smart village for the Haloze area
No full textMagistrsko delo proučuje idejno zasnovo pametne vasi za območje Haloz, ki se sooča z izrazitimi demografskimi in gospodarskimi izzivi, kot so izseljevanje mladih in pomanjkanje digitalne ter prometne infrastrukture. Namen raziskave je pokazati, kako lahko digitalizacija, pametne tehnologije in trajnostne prakse prispevajo k revitalizaciji območja. V teoretičnem delu so sistematično predstavljena področja, ki jih koncept pametnih vasi vključuje, zlasti tista, pri katerih so možnosti za digitalizacijo in avtomatizacijo najbolj izrazite. Obravnavana so področja pametnega kmetijstva, digitalne vključenosti, trajnostne mobilnosti, obnovljivih virov energije ter razvoj turizma. Analiza literature in obstoječih projektov kaže, da pametne vasi niso zgolj tehnološki projekt, temveč tudi družbeno-kulturna in ekonomska priložnost za krepitev lokalne identitete. Idejno zasnovo pametne vasi smo oblikovali s prenosom dobrih praks iz tujine, prenesenih v slovensko institucionalno okolje in lokalni kontekst Haloz. Primernost zasnove smo preverili s kvalitativno analizo šestih polstrukturiranih intervjujev, izvedenih s tremi uporabniki in tremi lokalnimi odločevalci. Intervjuvanci so zasnovo v večini točk potrdili kot primerno. Sogovornikiocenjujejo, da so prebivalci sicer zainteresirani za okrepitev avtomatizacije in digitalnih storitev v okviru pametne vasi, vendar opozarjajo na razkorak med tovrstnimi ambicijami ter realnimi ovirami, kot so nizka digitalna pismenost, omejen dostop do interneta in pomanjkanje strateškega načrtovanja. Ugotovitve raziskave lahko služijo kot izhodišče za nadaljnje strateško načrtovanje in uvedbo digitalnih rešitev, ki bi dolgoročno pripomogle k revitalizaciji Haloz.This master\u27s thesis examines the conceptual design of a smart village for the Haloze area, which faces significant demographic and economic challenges, including youth emigration and a lack of digital and transport infrastructure. The aim of the research is to demonstrate how digitalization, smart technologies, and sustainable practices can contribute to the revitalization of the area. The theoretical section systematically presents the domains included in the smart village concept, especially those with the greatest potential for digitalization and automation. The areas of smart agriculture, digital inclusion, sustainable mobility, renewable energy sources, and tourism development are discussed. Analysis of the literature and existing projects indicates that smart villages are not only technological initiatives but also socio-cultural and economic opportunities for strengthening local identity. The empirical part of the research is based on an analysis of good practice examples, which enabled the creation of a conceptual design for a smart village in Haloze. The suitability of the design was evaluated through qualitative analysis of six semi-structured interviews conducted with three users and three local decision-makers. In most respects, the interviewees confirmed the design as appropriate. They believe that residents are generally interested in increasing automation and digital services within the smart village framework, but they also highlight the gap between these ambitions and real-world obstacles, such as low digital literacy, limited internet access, and a lack of strategic planning. The findings of the research can serve as a basis for further strategic planning and the introduction of digital solutions that could, in the long term, contribute to the revitalization of Haloze
Analysis of products containing stratum corneum lipids
No full textV diplomski nalogi preučujemo lipide rožene plasti in analiziramo njihovo prisotnost v izdelkih, ki so dostopni na trgu. Rožena plast je zgrajena iz korneocitov in lipidnega ogrodja. Lipidno ogrodje sestavljajo ceramidi, maščobne kisline in holesterol, ki predstavljajo glavne lipide kožne bariere. Ščitijo nas pred transepidermalno izgubo vode in vstopom patogenov v kožo. Ceramidi predstavljajo največji delež lipidov rožene plasti in skrbijo za ohranitev kožne integritete. Maščobne kisline ohranjajo permeabilnost bariere, spodbujajo diferenciacijo keratinocitov ter vzdržujejo normalen pH kože. Holesterol je glavni sterol v koži, ki skrbi za rigidnost in stabilnost celičnih membran, njegovi derivati pa sodelujejo pri keratinizaciji in regulaciji deskvamacije. Za zdravo kožno bariero je v koži potrebno približno enako molarno razmerje ceramidov, maščobnih kislin in holesterola. Lipidi rožene plasti so prav tako povezani s poškodovano kožno bariero, staranjem in kožnimi boleznimi, saj pride do sprememb v njihovi sestavi in metabolizmu. Kozmetični izdelki zato velikokrat vsebujejo te lipide z namenom, da spodbudijo njihovo sintezo, izboljšajo hidratacijo kože in krepijo kožno bariero. Preučili smo 60 izdelkov z lipidi kožne bariere in poskušali ugotoviti najpogostejše vrste lipidov, njihovo količino in oglaševane učinke, pregledali linije blagovnih znamk, namenjene krepitvi bariere, prav tako smo preverili tehnološko obliko in cenovne razrede izdelkov. Ugotovili smo, da so v izdelkih najpogosteje prisotni ceramidi, med njimi ceramid NP, kateremu sledijo ceramid AP, ceramid EOP in ceramid NS, pogosto je vključen tudi prekurzor ceramidov, fitosfingozin. Holesterol je prisoten v skoraj polovici izdelkov in vedno v kombinaciji s ceramidi, velikokrat so prisotne tudi njegove rastlinske alternative. Proste maščobne kisline so prisotne najredkeje, med njimi je najpogostejša stearinska, sledita ji oleinska in palmitinska kislina. Natančne koncentracije lipidov smo poznali le pri sedmih izdelkih, te so se gibale med 0,1% in 5%. Kljub temu učinkovitost ni odvisna zgolj od koncentracije, temveč tudi od drugih dejavnikov. Najpogosteje oglaševana učinka pri izdelkih sta vlaženje in krepitev/obnova bariere. Veliko blagovnih znamk ima namenske linije za krepitev bariere, ki vsebujejo predvsem ceramide in holesterol. Med tehnološkimi oblikami so prevladovale kreme, predvsem kreme za obraz, sledili so jim serumi. Cenovni pregled je pokazal, da večina izdelkov spada v nizek cenovni razred.In this thesis, we examine the lipids of the stratum corneum and analyse their presence in products available on the market. The stratum corneum is composed of corneocytes and a lipid matrix. The lipid matrix consists of ceramides, fatty acids, and cholesterol, which are the main lipids of the skin barrier. They protect our skin from transepidermal water loss and the entry of pathogens. Ceramides are the most abundant lipids in the stratum corneum and play a key role in maintaining skin integrity. Fatty acids maintain barrier permeability, promote keratinocyte differentiation, and maintain normal skin pH. Cholesterol is the main sterol in the skin, ensuring the rigidity and stability of cell membranes, while its derivatives participate in keratinisation and desquamation regulation. For a healthy skin barrier, the skin needs approximately equal molar ratios of ceramides, fatty acids and cholesterol. Lipids in the stratum corneum are also associated with a damaged skin barrier, ageing, and skin diseases, as their composition and metabolism change. Therefore, cosmetic products often include these lipids to stimulate their synthesis, improve skin hydration, and strengthen the skin barrier. For this reason, we examined 60 products containing skin barrier lipids and attempted to identify the most common types of lipids, their quantity, and advertised effects. We reviewed brand lines designed to strengthen the barrier and also examined their technological form and the price ranges of the products. We found that ceramides are most commonly present in products, including ceramide NP, followed by ceramide AP, ceramide EOP, and ceramide NS. The ceramide precursor phytosphingosine is also often included. Cholesterol is present in almost half of the products and always in combination with ceramidesmoreover, its plant-based alternatives are also often present. Free fatty acids are the least common, with stearic acid being the most used, followed by oleic and palmitic acid. We knew the exact lipid concentrations of only seven products, which ranged from 0,1% to 5%. However, effectiveness does not depend solely on concentration, but also on other factors. The most commonly advertised effects of the products are moisturising and strengthening/restoring the barrier. Many brands have dedicated barrier-strengthening lines that mainly contain ceramides and cholesterol. Among the technological forms, creams predominated, especially face creams, followed by serums. The price review showed that most products fall into the low price range
Psychosocial assistance to relatives of people with mental health problems
No full textMagistrsko delo obravnava tematiko duševnega zdravja z vidika svojcev, ki se soočajo z bremenom skrbi za bližnjega s težavami v duševnem zdravju. Problematika je aktualna zaradi vse pogostejših težav na področju duševnega zdravja v družbi ter družbenih premikov, ki potekajo v smeri deinstitucionalizacije. Ravno v tem kontekstu je smiselno raziskati, kaj svojce obremenjuje, kaj jih spravlja v stisko ter katere oblike podpore lahko prispevajo k njihovi razbremenitvi.
V prvem delu so predstavljena teoretična izhodišča, ki osvetljujejo pomen duševnega zdravja v skupnosti in družini skozi prizmo konceptov socialnega dela. Rdeča nit teoretičnega dela so stigma, normalizacija in deinstitucionalizacija, ki predstavljajo ključne dejavnike podpore svojcem oseb s težavami v duševnem zdravju. Posebna pozornost je namenjena vlogi socialnega delavca, ki s pomočjo socialnodelovnega odnosa krepi moč in zmožnosti svojcev. V zadnjem delu teoretičnega poglavja so predstavljeni najpomembnejši okvirji psihosocialne pomoči svojcem, in sicer skupine za samopomoč, psihoedukativne delavnice ter inovativen dialoško-mrežni pristop. Pri slednjem so izpostavljene njegove temeljne značilnosti in primerjane s koncepti socialnega dela.
V naslednjih poglavjih se magistrsko delo nadaljuje z empiričnim delom. Raziskava, opravljena v okviru magistrskega dela, temelji na kvalitativnem pristopu, pri čemer so bili izvedeni polstrukturirani intervjuji s svojci odraslih oseb s težavami v duševnem zdravju. Namen raziskovalnega dela je bil ugotoviti, kako svojci doživljajo svojo vlogo, kakšna čustva jih ob tem prevzemajo, s kakšnimi bremeni se soočajo ter kako si ob tem pomagajo. Rezultati raziskave kažejo na močno psihofizično obremenitev svojcev ob skrbi za osebo s težavami v duševnem zdravju. V zaključnem delu magistrsko delo ponuja predloge za izboljšanje položaja svojcev, med drugim z večjo informiranostjo, dostopnim svetovanjem, možnostjo začasnih namestitev ter večjo odprtostjo do inovativnih pristopov pomoči. Raziskava prispeva k boljšemu razumevanju izkušenj svojcev ter razkriva, kaj se skriva v ozadju njihovih negativnih občutij. Hkrati spodbuja razmislek o oblikovanju politik, ki bi svojcem in njihovim bližnjim omogočale skupnostne oblike pomoči, utemeljene na partnerstvu, odprtosti ter zmanjševanju stigme.This master’s thesis explores the topic of mental health from the perspective of family members who face the burden of caring for a relative with mental health difficulties. The issue is highly relevant due to the growing prevalence of mental health challenges in society and the ongoing social shift towards deinstitutionalisation. In this context, it is essential to examine what burdens family members, what causes them distress, and which forms of support can contribute to their relief.
The first part of the thesis presents the theoretical foundations that highlight the importance of mental health within the community and the family, viewed through the lens of social work concepts. The central themes of the theoretical framework include stigma, normalisation, and deinstitutionalisation, which represent key factors in supporting family members of people with mental health difficulties. Special attention is devoted to the role of social workers, who, through the social work relationship, empower and strengthen the capacities of family members. The final section of the theoretical framework outlines the main forms of psychosocial support for relatives, including self-help groups, psychoeducational workshops, and the innovative dialogical network approach, whose key principles are compared with those of social work.
The empirical part of the thesis is based on a qualitative research approach, employing semi-structured interviews with family members of adults experiencing mental health difficulties. The aim of the study was to explore how family members perceive their role, which emotions they experience, what burdens they face, and how they cope with these challenges. The results indicate a high level of psychophysical strain among relatives caring for a person with mental health problems. The thesis concludes with several recommendations for improving the situation of family members, including better access to information, counselling, temporary respite services, and greater openness towards innovative support approaches.
The research contributes to a deeper understanding of the lived experiences of family members and reveals the underlying causes of their negative emotions. At the same time, it encourages reflection on the development of policies that would enable family members and their loved ones to access community-based forms of support founded on partnership, openness, and the reduction of stigma
Complementary techniques of thermal analysis as a tool for studying the properties and effectiveness of intumescent coatings deposited on wood
No full textFire-retardant intumescent coatings offer an effective means of enhancing the fire resistance of combustible substrates such as wood. These coatings have a complex chemical composition and, when exposed to temperatures above 200 °C, undergo an intumescent reaction accompanied by the release of non-flammable gases, forming an expanded, charred layer with low thermal conductivity. This provides thermal insulation and acts as a physical barrier against heat, oxygen, and flammable volatiles. In this study, the applicability of several thermoanalytical techniques for evaluating the performance of three different intumescent coatings applied to spruce wood was investigated. Simultaneous thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) showed that coating No. 3 was the most efficient, initiating substrate protection at the lowest temperature and reducing the combustion enthalpy by approximately 50% compared to uncoated wood. DSC-microscopy visualization enabled direct observation of the intumescent expansion, degradation of the carbonized protective layer, and delayed thermal decomposition of coated wood. Furthermore, a comparison between TGA-MS and TGA-IST16-GC-MS demonstrated the superiority of chromatographic separation for identifying evolved gaseous products. While TGA-MS is effective for detecting small gaseous species (e.g., HO, CO, formaldehyde), TGA-IST16-GC-MS enables the deconvolution of many degradation products evolving simultaneously, allowing for distinction between flame-retardant-related species, polymer backbone fragments, nitrogen-rich heterocycles, and small oxygenated molecules in the most effective coating
Identifying the tourism sector\u27s exposure to climate change utilizing two different climate datasets
No full textThis study investigates the exposure of Slovenia\u27s tourism industry to climate change by analyzing climate data from two sources: the Copernicus Climate Data Store (CDS) and the Slovenian Environment Agency (ARSO). Three distinct climate zones in Slovenia, namely submediterranean, subcontinental and moderate climate of the hilly region are examined. Using climate indices such as CIT: 3S and HCI: Urban, the research assesses historical trends and future projections of climate suitability for various tourism activities. Key climate variables, including hot days, heavy precipitation, and snow cover, are analyzed to improve the understanding of climate exposure. The submediterranean region may experience extended tourist seasons but face challenges from heatwaves and water scarcity. The subalpine region, dependent on winter tourism, is projected to experience reduced snow cover and potential challenges for ski resorts. The subcontinental region could benefit from extended seasons for outdoor activities but may also face heat stress and extreme weather events. The study shows that climate indicators can offer valuable insights, but can also oversimplify complex climate processes. Discrepancies between CDS and ARSO data highlight potential biases, emphasizing the need for caution in interpreting absolute values. Climate projections inherently involve uncertainties, particularly for snow indicators. Ensemble modeling and careful consideration of uncertainties are essential for assessing future impacts. By addressing these considerations, this study provides a comprehensive understanding of climate change\u27s implications for Slovenia\u27s tourism sector and offers valuable guidance for adaptation planning
Comparative analysis between preventive and corrective maintenance of construction machinery
No full textV zaključnem delu je analizirana razlika med preventivnim in kurativnim vzdrževanjem treh gradbenih strojev: freze, finišerja in valjarja. Na podlagi servisnih intervalov in najpogostejših kurativnih okvar je bil pripravljen model izračuna stroškov v obdobju 4000 delovnih ur. Za vsak stroj so bili določeni stroški preventivnega vzdrževanja in pričakovani stroški kurativnega vzdrževanja. Stroški so bili nato medsebojno primerjani. Rezultati jasno pokažejo, da kurativno vzdrževanje povzroča pri vseh treh strojih bistveno višje stroške. Analiza tudi pokaže, da pravočasno preventivno vzdrževanje močno zmanjša verjetnost okvar in izpad stroja ter podjetju prinese ekonomski prihranek.In these final thesis we analized the difference between preventive and corrective maintenance of three construction machines, the milling machine, the asphalt paver and the roller. Based on service intervals and the most common corrective failures, a cost calculation model for a 4000 hour operating period was developed. For each machine, the costs of preventive maintenance and the expected costs of corrective maintenance were determined and subsequently compared. The results clearly show that corrective maintenance leads to significantly higher costs for all three machines. The analysis also indicates that timely preventive maintenance greatly reduces the likelihood of failures and machine downtime, thereby providing an economic benefit to the company
Use of former food in livestock nutrition
No full textVsako leto se po svetu zavrže veliko hrane, ki bi jo lahko uporabili za prehrano rejnih živali. Nekdanja živila (NŽ) so živila, ki so bila proizvedena za prehrano ljudi v skladu z zakonodajo, a so bila iz humane prehranske verige odstranjena iz razlogov, ki pa ne predstavljajo tveganja za zdravje živali, če se jih uporabi kot krma. V okviru magistrske naloge smo pregledali dostopno literaturo v povezavi z uporabo različnih vrst NŽ v krmi za rejne živali. Na področju Slovenije smo zbrali in analizirali sestavo vzorcev NŽ (število posameznih vzorcev je pripisano v oklepaju) slanih (6), sladkih (6) in mešanih (1) pekovskih izdelkov, sadja (2) in zelenjave (7). Določili smo tudi maščobnokislinsko sestavo in parametre oksidacije maščob (peroksidno število in malondialdehid). Ugotovili smo, da so slani in sladki pekovski izdelki bogat vir maščob, brezdušičnega izvlečka in energije, zato jih lahko uporabimo kot krmila za vse vrste rejnih živali. V primerjavi z literaturo so analizirani pekovski izdelki slovenskega izvora imeli podobno vsebnost surovega pepela, surovih maščob in brezdušičnega izvlečka, vsebovali so povprečno več surovih beljakovin in manj surovih vlaknin. Povprečne vsebnosti Ca, Na in Mg so primerljive z literaturo, P in K pa nižje. Analiza sadja in zelenjave pa je pokazala, da vsebujejo veliko vode, kar pospeši njihovo kvarjenje, zato je nujna hitra poraba ali predelava. V pekovskih izdelkih in sadju ter zelenjavi je bilo povprečno največ linolne kisline in več večkrat nenasičenih kot enkrat nenasičenih in nasičenih maščobnih kislin. V nekaterih vzorcih slanih in sladkih pekovskih izdelkov in v vseh vzorcih sadja in zelenjave je prišlo do oksidacije maščob, kar nam je pokazalo peroksidno število. Rezultati meritev malondialdehida pa so pokazali, da je pri jabolkih in pri vsej zelenjavi prišlo do sekundarne oksidacije maščob. Če povzamemo, bi se lahko omenjena živila na področju Slovenije zbiralo in predelavalo v krmo za živali, s tem bi se zmanjšala potreba po uvozu in prevozu krme in pripomogli bi k zmanjšanju emisij toplogrednih plinov, ki nastanejo pri prevozu. Hkrati pa bi živila ohranili v prehranjevalni verigi, kar je skladno s cilji razvoja krožnega gospodarstva.Globally, a substantial amount of food that could potentially be repurposed as feed for farm animals is discarded each year. Former food products—originally manufactured for human consumption in compliance with legal standards—are removed from the human food chain. When used as feed, these products do not pose a risk to animal health. As part of this master’s thesis, we conducted a comprehensive review of the available literature on former food products. In Slovenia, we collected and analyzed the feed composition of selected samples (number of samples in parentheses): savoury (6), sweet (6), and mixed (1) bakery products, as well as fruit (2) and vegetables (7). The parameters examined included fatty acid profiles and oxidation indicators (peroxide value and malondialdehyde concentration). The results show that savoury and sweet bakery products are rich sources of fats, nitrogen-free extract, and energy, indicating their potential—albeit with certain limitations—as feed for farm animals. Compared to published data, the analyzed bakery products contained, on average, similar levels of crude fat, crude ash, and nitrogen-free extract, slightly higher crude protein, and lower crude fiber. Average concentrations of Ca, Na, and Mg were comparable to literature values, whereas P and K were lower. Fruit and vegetable samples exhibited high moisture content, which accelerates spoilagetherefore, rapid utilization or processing is essential. In bakery products, fruits, and vegetables, the average proportion of linoleic acid (C18:2 n-6) and polyunsaturated fatty acids exceeded that of monounsaturated and saturated fatty acids. Evidence of fat oxidation, indicated by peroxide values, was found in some savoury and sweet bakery samples and in all fruit and vegetable samples. Malondialdehyde measurements confirmed secondary oxidation in apples and all vegetables. Collecting and converting these products into animal feed could reduce reliance on imported feed and associated transportation, thereby contributing to lower greenhouse gas emissions. However, rapid consumption or processing is necessary to enable their safe reintroduction into the feed chain