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The impact of psychosocial risks on staff shortages at the Ljubljana Social Work Centre
No full textV magistrskem delu sem se osredotočila na vpliv psihosocialnih tveganj na pomanjkanje kadra na Centru za socialno delo Ljubljana. V teoretičnem delu sem predstavila temeljne usmeritve za preprečevanje psihosocialnih tveganj, odpravo posledic psihosocialnih tveganj in vlogo socialnega dela pri preprečevanju in odpravljanju posledic psihosocialnih tveganj. Cilj raziskovanja je bil raziskati vpliv psihosocialnih dejavnikov tveganja na pomanjkanje kadra na Centru za socialno delo in ugotoviti, kako ti dejavniki vplivajo na motivacijo, počutje ter dolgoročno zadrževanje zaposlenih. V empiričnem delu sem izvedla kvantitativno, empirično in deskriptivno raziskavo, v kateri je sodelovalo 34 strokovnih delavk in delavcev Centra za socialno delo Ljubljana. Hipoteze so se nanašale na najpogosteje zaznana psihosocialna tveganja in njihov vpliv na kakovost dela in počutje zaposlenih. Nanašale so se tudi na povezavo med psihosocialnimi tveganji in pomanjkanjem kadra, vlogo socialnega dela pri preprečevanju psihosocialnih tveganj ter vpliv psihosocialnih tveganj na službeno in zasebno življenje zaposlenih. Raziskava je pokazala, da pomanjkanje kadra močno povečuje psihosocialna tveganja zaposlenih, kar negativno vpliva na njihovo motivacijo, počutje in dolgoročno zadrževanje v organizaciji.In my master\u27s thesis, I focused on the impact of psychosocial risks on the shortage of staff at the Social Work Centre Ljubljana. In the theoretical part, I presented the basic guidelines for preventing psychosocial risks, eliminating the consequences of psychosocial risks, and the role of social work in preventing and eliminating the consequences of psychosocial risks. The aim of the research was to investigate the impact of psychosocial risk factors on the shortage of staff at the Social Work Centre Ljubljana and to determine how these factors affect the motivation, well-being, and long-term retention of employees. In the empirical part, I conducted a quantitative, empirical, and descriptive study in which 34 professional workers at the Social Work Centre Ljubljana participated. The hypotheses referred to the most frequently perceived psychosocial risks and their impact on the quality of work and well-being of employees. They also referred to the connection between psychosocial risks and shortage of staff, the role of social work in preventing psychosocial risks, and the impact of psychosocial risks on the work and private lives of employees. The research showed that staff shortages greatly increase the psychosocial risks of employees, which negatively affects their motivation, well-being, and long-term retention in the organization
Anomaly detection in automatically extracted graphs from the web
No full textV nalogi je predstavljen sistem za zaznavanje anomalij v avtomatsko ekstrahiranih
grafih iz spleta, zgrajen na grafni bazi Neo4j in pravilih v jeziku
Cypher. Sistem prepoznava strukturne, atributne in časovne nepravilnosti,
kot so nenavadne lastniške strukture, nelogične investicije ter neskladja v datumih
dogodkov, rezultate pa semantično preveri z velikim jezikovnim modelom
(LLM). Evalvacija na grafu s približno 40 milijoni vozlišč pokaže visoko
natančnost pri izbranih pravilih, pomemben vpliv materializiranih povezav
na čas izvajanja poizvedb ter zmanjšanje obremenitve ročne validacije (QA).
Pristop združuje razložljivost pravil s semantično analizo LLM in predstavlja
korak k modularnemu, samoučečemu sistemu za zagotavljanje kakovosti
podatkov.This thesis presents a system for detecting anomalies in automatically extracted
graphs from the web, built on the Neo4j graph database and Cypherbased
rules. The system identifies structural, attribute and temporal irregularities—
such as unusual ownership structures, illogical investments and
inconsistencies in event dates—and semantically validates the results with a
Large Language Model (LLM). Evaluation on a graph with approximately
40 million nodes shows high precision for selected rules, a significant impact
of materialized relationships on query runtimes, and a reduction of manual
quality assurance (QA) workload. The approach combines the interpretability
of rules with LLM-based semantic analysis and represents a step towards
a modular, self-learning data quality assurance system
Deep learning as machine metis
No full textThis article situates current deep learning (DL) artificial intelligence (AI) within Leroi-Gourhan’s deep history of the human species’ relation to technology. According to Leroi-Gourhan, technology is both a key element of anthropogenesis and a source of later tensions (or disentanglement) between the human species and its external and increasingly autonomous technics. Human organic (life-oriented) intelligence at first extends itself through technical (machine-oriented) intelligence, only to be later left behind by it. We propose a concept of machine intelligence that goes beyond technical intelligence, the latter a (still) hybrid human–machine intelligence. This new, emerging machine intelligence is DL AI. DL AI developed out of the failure of symbolic AI to instantiate a key generic component of intelligence: creativity. While symbolic AI was rigid and pre-programmed, DL is flexible and unpredictable, presenting an embryonic form of actual machine intelligence. Its creativity can be likened to the ancient Greek concept of metis, a cunning and polymorphous form of intelligence. Although often biased and problematic, DL exhibits a machine creativity that goes beyond the anthropocentric imaginings of AI as a (mechanistic) imitation of the human norm
Transferability of real world evidence to support HTA recommendations in lower income European countries
No full textBackground and Aims
Lower income European countries (LIECs) have more limited financial resources to cover high-cost technologies in rare diseases than higher income European countries (HIECs). Our study explores how treatment recommendations in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) can be supported in LIECS by transferring real-world evidence (RWE) generated by target trial emulation (TTE) method in HIECs.
Method
In the HTx project transferability aspects of the MDS case study were considered upfront. HTA agency consortium partners set expectations for the MDS case study team on how to integrate the new TTE methodology into the routine work of HTA bodies. In consecutive workshops consortium members and external HTA experts identified the main challenges of transferring evidence generated by TTE method to LIECs and made conclusions on how to overcome these challenges.
Results
The lack of local real-world data before making reimbursement decisions is an important challenge to apply the TTE method to LIECs. Differences in patient pathways and comparator technologies, limited expertise and resources for adapting international HTA methods are significant barriers of transferring RWE from other countries.
Still, transferring RWE to LIECs from other countries based on the TTE methodology represents an improvement to the current standard HTA methods, especially if joint clinical assessment provides the unbiased judgement on the relative effectiveness of orphan medicines. The TTE approach also provides an opportunity to LIECs to judge the value of high-cost technologies for different patient subgroups. However, HTA professionals in LIECs need training about advanced methodologies.
Conclusion
This is the first study to explore how RWE generated by the TTE method can be transferred to optimize treatment decisions of patients with a rare disease in countries with limited HTA capacities. Five general concluding statements were made on the novelty of the TTE method and on how to overcome main challenges of transferring TTE results to HTA systems in LIECs
Simulation of changes in fire-prone areas in the Karst region by year 2080
No full textPožari v naravnem okolju so zaradi podnebnih sprememb vse pogostejši in intenzivnejši, kar predstavlja rastoč izziv za prostorsko načrtovanje in varstvo pokrajine. V magistrski nalogi so bili z uporabo modula Land Change Modeler (TerrSet) na osnovi sprememb rabe tal v obdobju 2002–2022 oblikovani štirje scenariji možnega razvoja požarno ogroženih območij na Krasu do leta 2080: nevtralni scenarij, scenarij ohranjanja kulturne pokrajine, scenarij intenzivnega zaraščanja ter scenarij brez protipožarnih presek. Kot ključni dejavniki, ki vplivajo na prostorske procese, so se izkazali vegetacija, podnebni pogoji in nadmorska višina. Rezultati navajajo, da bi se ob nadaljevanju sedanjih trendov požarno ogrožena območja lahko občutno povečala, predvsem zaradi zaraščanja travnikov in opuščanja kmetijske rabe, medtem ko optimizirani scenariji nakazujejo možnosti za omilitev tega razvoja. Rezultati raziskave ponujajo vpogled v potencialne prihodnje spremembe, ki lahko služijo kot osnova za razumevanje tveganj ter za oblikovanje ciljno usmerjenih in prilagojenih ukrepov prostorskega upravljanja.Wildfires in natural environments are becoming increasingly frequent and intense due to climate change, posing a growing challenge for spatial planning and landscape management. In this master’s thesis, four scenarios of possible development of the fire-prone areas in the Karst region up to the year 2080 were constructed using the Land Change Modeler (TerrSet), based on land use changes observed between 2002 and 2022: a neutral scenario, a cultural landscape conservation scenario, intensive overgrowth scenario, and a scenario excluding firebreak infrastructure. Vegetation, climatic conditions, and elevation proved to be the key factors influencing spatial processes. The results indicate that, if current trends continue, fire-prone areas may expand significantly, primarily as a consequence of grassland overgrowth and agricultural land abandonment, while optimized scenarios suggest potential opportunities to mitigate this development. The findings of the study provide an insight into potential future changes, which may serve as a basis for understanding risks and for designing targeted and adaptive spatial management measures
Približno učenje za učinkovito učenje nevronskih mrež na mobilnih napravah
No full textSince most neural network approximation techniques are limited to inference, we work to adapt it for practical usage during training, establishing options for training on weaker edge devices.
We build on previous work to expand upon perforated convolution as a neural network approximation technique as well as adapt it for use during training. We speed up convolutional layers by skipping their evaluation and gradient calculation in some spatial positions, then interpolating the missing values. We analyze the effect of using perforated convolution during training. We show that on weak edge devices, using perforated convolution training with segmentation networks such as AgriAdapt U-Net reduces memory usage by up to 30% with up to 5x speedup, with a significant reduction in training energy usage.Ker je večino postopkov za aproksimacijo nevronskih mrež omejenih na inferenco, smo jih v tem delu prilagodili za praktično uporabo med učenjem. S tem gradimo nove možnosti za učenje mrež na šibkejših robnih napravah.
Nadgradili smo prejšnje delo in s prilagoditvijo za uporabo med učenjem razširili uporabo perforirane konvolucije kot tehnike za aproksimacijo nevronskih mrež. Konvolucijske nivoje smo pospešili z izpuščanjem njihove evalvacije na določenih mestih in z nadaljnjo interpolacijo manjkajočih vrednosti. Analizirali smo učinek uporabe perforirane konvolucije med učenjem. Pokazali smo, da na šibkih robnih napravah učenje segmentacijskih nevronskih mrež kot je AgriAdapt U-Net porabi do 30% manj spomina in se izvaja do 5x hitreje, z velikim zmanjšanjem skupne porabe energije
Translation of situation awareness rating technique questionnaire in Slovenian
No full textSituational awareness (SA) or knowing what is going on around you is essential in any dynamic human decision-making process because it provides the level of knowledge needed to make informed decisions and take appropriate actions [1]. There is not a single agreed upon definition of situational awareness, but the three most commonly used definitions (see Table 1) all seem to refer to three aspects that constitute a situationally aware operator: gathering information from the environment to obtain a knowledge of the situation, interpreting the perceived information to understand its meaning in relation to the observed system, and being able to plan or project the next step of the systemǯs operation. All these aspects indicate that SA is a cognitive construct that requires multiple resources rather than a single one. As such, SA is also inextricably linked to other cognitive theories, such as attention, short term and long-term memory, and cognitive workload. Cognitive workload is often defined as a function of the supply and demand of attentional and processing resources [2]. It is constrained by the operator\u27s limited short-term memory (working memory), and processing resources are influenced by the operator\u27s domain knowledge in long-term memory [3]. More experienced operators have a broader range of skills and can therefore process larger or more complex information in their working memory. At the same time, as the workload increases, more attention is required for task performance, leaving fewer resources for situational awareness [2]. In this regard, SA competes with task performance for attentional and processing resources. Assessing situational awareness is therefore not an easy task and requires the observation of several psychological constructs
A self-determination approach towards capitalising on autonomy and innovative work behaviour in task performance
No full textThis study draws upon the self-determination theory and the ambidexterity theory to explore the microfoundations of task performancein particular, it examines the effect of job autonomy on task performance. While prior studies already supported the existence of a relationship between autonomy and task performance, in this research we advance the thesis that such a relationship is influenced by multiple intervening factors. In particular, that innovative work behaviour (IWB) plays a mediating role, while team ambidexterity has a potential moderating role. To substantiate these claims, an empirical investigation was conducted using survey data from 791 employees and their supervisors across diverse industries in Montenegro. The findings lend support to the mediation hypothesis while indicating also that team ambidexterity might strengthen the effect of IWB on task performance. Results highlight the importance of balancing autonomy with structured team dynamics to optimize employee performance, particularly in innovation-driven environments
Introducing the digitised dataset of Slovenian folk ballads
No full textThis article introduces a Slovenian folk song ballad dataset consisting of annotated transcriptions of 402 monophonic songs, some of which also come with recordings. It traces the historical trajectory of the materials from their collection to their digitisation, providing a statistical overview of the collection’s structure and outlining the theoretical framework for the analysis of key elements: context (metadata), content (music), and lyrics. The study acknowledges the significance of historical folkloristic and ethnomusicological practices, integrating these into the synthesis of the materials. It addresses issues such as collector bias, divergent transcription styles, and the inaccessibility of certain recordings
Different approaches to caponisation of cockerels and their relation to welfare
No full textThe aim of this study was to improve surgical caponisation and identify stress factors associated with different pain management methods and post-operative periods. A total of 72 Prelux-G cockerels were caponised at six weeks of age. Eight experimental groups were established based on caponisation status and pain management. Four groups were caponised using different pain management protocols (none, anaesthesia only, analgesia only, or both), while four non-caponised groups served as controls, including one group that received anaesthesia and analgesia without surgery. The remaining three groups served as non-caponised controls with varying levels of handling. The researchers monitored body weight, feed intake, respiratory and heart rate, vocalisations, response to pain, and depth of anaesthesia. The results confirmed that caponisation is painful, as reflected in increased physiological responses and vocalisations. The use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs alone did not provide effective pain relief. Additionally, the surgical procedure had no significant effect on weight gain or feed intake during the seven days following surgery. Stress levels, measured by blood serum corticosterone concentration, also increased during the procedure. The study concludes that anaesthesia significantly reduces pain and facilitates surgery, which is essential for improving animal welfare