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Revisiting -distance (independent) domination in trees and in bipartite graphs
No full textThe -distance -packing domination number of is the minimum size of a set of vertices of which is both a -distance dominating set and a -packing. In 1994, Beineke and Henning conjectured that if and is a tree of order , then . They supported the conjecture by proving it for . In this paper, it is proved that holds for any bipartite graph of order , and any . Trees for which holds are characterized. It is also proved that if has leaves, then (provided that ), and (provided that ). The latter result extends Favaron\u27s theorem from 1992 asserting that . In both cases, trees that attain the equality are characterized and relevant conclusions for the -distance domination number of trees derived
Teachers’ attitudes, concerns, and competences regarding the inclusion of students with special educational needs in mainstream primary schools in Slovenia
No full textThe article presents the attitudes, concerns, and perceived competencies of Slovenian teachers regarding the inclusion of students with special educational needs (SEN) in mainstream primary schools. The 126 participating teachers self-assessed these topics using a questionnaire specifically designed for the study. The findings indicate that teachers are generally supportive of inclusive practices. However, their attitudes vary considerably depending on the type of SEN: teachers are generally in favour of the inclusion of students with long-term illness, physical disabilities, autistic spectrum disorders, emotional and behavioral difficulties, and specific learning difficulties, but have significant reservations about the inclusion of students with blindness and visual impairment, deafness and hearing loss, speech and language disabilities, and intellectual disabilities. These attitudes are consistent regardless of the teacher’s length of professional experience. Teachers described several concerns regarding inclusion and reported different levels of competency for teaching students with different types of SEN. Finally, the results of the study show a clear connection between teachers’ perceived higher competence and their more positive attitudes towards inclusion. The study highlights critical gaps in inclusion implementation in Slovenia and provides further suggestions for teacher training and professional development, particularly in relation to students with SEN
Characteristics of sports injuries in football programs of gymnasium Ljubljana-Šiška
No full textNamen magistrskega dela je bil raziskati pojavnost, značilnosti in ponovljivost športnih poškodb pri mladih nogometaših, ki so bili stari od 16 do 19 let in so se v šolskem letu 2023–2024 šolali v nogometnih oddelkih GŠ in ŠC PET. V raziskavi, ki smo jo izvajali od oktobra 2023 do junija 2024, je sodelovalo 87 preiskovancev. Podatke smo zbrali na začetku in koncu raziskave s standardiziranimi vprašalniki ter meritvami telesnih značilnosti in gibalnih sposobnosti. Analizirali smo vrsto poškodbe, anatomsko lokacijo, mehanizem nastanka, časovni okvir, ponovljivost ter vpliv telesnih značilnosti na tveganje za poškodbo. Ugotovili smo, da so preizkušanci 93,8 % poškodb utrpeli na spodnjih okončinah v novembru in marcu. Večina teh poškodb je nastala na tekmah v drugem polčasu in je bila poledica večje utrujenosti ter zmanjšane koncentracije. 46,9 % teh poškodb so preizkušanci utrpeli brez neposrednega kontakta z nasprotnikom. Pri 27,3 % preiskovancih, ki so se poškodovali pred izvajanjem raziskave pa se je v obdobju izvajanja raziskave ista poškodba ponovila. Ugotovitve za preprečevanja tveganja za poškodbe pri mladih nogometaših poudarjajo pomen upoštevanja razvojnih, obremenitvenih in psihosocialnih dejavnikov tveganja ter individualizacije treningov, preventivne vadbe in regeneracijepa tudi pomen načrtnega ter sistematičnega usklajevanja šolskih in športnih obveznosti.The purpose of this master’s thesis was to investigate the occurrence, characteristics, and recurrence of sports injuries among young football players aged 16 to 19 who attended football departments at GLŠ and ŠC PET during the 2023–24 school year. The study, conducted from October 2023 to June 2024, included 87 participants. Data were collected at the beginning and end of the research using standardized questionnaires and measurements of body characteristics and motor abilities. We analyzed the type of injury, anatomical location, mechanism of occurrence, time frame, recurrence, and the influence of physical characteristics on injury risk. The results showed that 93.8% of the injuries occurred in the lower limbs, most frequently in November and March. The majority of these injuries happened during matches, typically in the second half, as a result of greater fatigue and reduced concentration. Furthermore, 46.9% of the injuries occurred without direct contact with an opponent. Among 27.3% of participants who had sustained an injury prior to the study, the same injury reoccurred during the research period. The findings highlight the importance of considering developmental, workload-related, and psychosocial risk factors, as well as the need for individualized training, preventive exercise, and recovery strategies. Additionally, they emphasize the importance of systematic coordination between academic and athletic commitments to reduce injury risk in young football players
Automating algorithm experiments with ALGator
No full textBackground: Theoretical algorithm analysis provides fundamental insights into algorithm complexity but relies on simplified and often outdated computational models. Experimental algorithmics complements this approach by evaluating the empirical performance of algorithm implementations on real data and modern computing platforms. However, the absence of standardized, reproducible experimental environments limits the reliability and comparability of results.
Objective: This work aims to establish a formal and reproducible framework for algorithm experimentation and to provide a practical platform that enables researchers to model problems, execute experiments, and share results transparently.
Methods: We propose a comprehensive experimentation model that formalizes all key entities of algorithm evaluation, including inputs, outputs, test cases, test sets, parameters, algorithms, and performance indicators. The model is implemented in ALGator, an open-source system that automates test case generation, algorithm execution, output validation, and result presentation, while supporting collaborative development and public dissemination of experiments.
Results: The capabilities of ALGator are demonstrated through a case study on the array-sorting problem. Experiments comparing Hoare’s and Yaroslavskiy’s Quicksort implementations reveal nuanced performance differences: Hoare’s version excels on random inputs without duplicates, whereas Yaroslavskiy’s performs substantially better when input data contain many duplicates. All experimental data and configurations are openly available through the ALGator platform.
Conclusion: The combination of a formal experimental model and its open-source implementation in ALGator provides a robust foundation for reproducible experimental algorithmics. This approach promotes transparency, facilitates independent verification, and enables researchers to extend existing experiments with new test cases and performance metrics, advancing the reproducibility and reliability of empirical algorithm evaluation
Emergency power control of virtual energy storage systems for improved grid stability
No full textThe ongoing transformation of electrical power systems, driven by the integration of renewable energy sources and the adoption of hybrid alternating current and direct current grid architectures, presents new challenges for maintaining system stability. The shift from traditional synchronous generators to converter-based technologies reduces system inertia, increasing the risk of rapid frequency and voltage instability, particularly during emergency events. Existing fast frequency response services, typically provided by battery storage systems or specialised equipment, are often limited by proprietary designs, lack of interoperability, and insufficient scalability. This paper proposes a generalised emergency power balancing method based on controllable virtual energy storage systems. These systems aggregate various distributed energy resources, such as electric vehicles, flexible electrical loads, and small-scale storage units. When coordinated by system operators, these resources can provide fast, bidirectional power regulation, reducing reliance on consumer disconnections. Building on the concept of frequency stability margin, the paper introduces a decentralised control algorithm that enables rapid and adaptive power regulation. The algorithm is designed to respond strongly in severe grid disturbances while moderating its actions during less critical events. In addition to frequency support, the control strategy can be extended to manage voltage stability, providing a dual-purpose solution for improving system resilience. Simulation results show that the proposed control strategy effectively mitigates both frequency and rate-ofchange deviations, achieving a stable and coordinated system response under a wide range of operating conditions. The results confirm that the proposed approach enhances system stability, offering a scalable and flexible solution for future emergency power balancing needs
Control of Bovicola equi infestation in a herd of horses using an environmentally sustainable treatment protocol
No full textIn March 2024, a Slovenian warmblood gelding presented with severe pruritus and skin lesions throughout its head, neck and around the base of the tail. The owners had observed increased pruritus in multiple animals within the herd. After careful examination, Bovicola equi were found in all five horses, but not the pony. Horse owners requested an environmentally sustainable treatment plan, which consisted of (a) mechanical removal of lice by shaving and/or combing, (b) application of 0.2 g/horse (0.1 g/pony) neem extract, geraniol (0.5 g/horse, 0.25 g/pony) and diatomaceous earth (250 g/horse, 50 g/pony). Clinical signs ceased 1 week after the initial treatment, no lice were found after 3 weeks, and skin lesions resolved within 6 weeks. Although there was no control group to estimate the true efficiency of the described treatment, upon follow-up, all horses remained lice-free for at least 18 months after the last treatment
Corplus
No full textThis paper introduces a newly developed specialised Corplus concordancer designed to work with corpora containing annotated language corrections. Unlike traditional concordancers, which focus on retrieving linguistic patterns and frequency data from various types of corpora, this tool emphasises the retrieval and comparison of both erroneous and corrected forms within texts. It allows researchers and educators to track, analyse, and compare errors alongside their corrections, providing empirical data that can be applied to first- or second-language acquisition research, as well as applied linguistics, such as the development of language learning materials. The intuitive interface of the Corplus concordancer makes it suitable for classroom use, supporting data-driven learning and other approaches based on authentic language data. The Corplus concordancer has already been implemented to provide access to two Slovene corpora: the developmental corpus Šolar and the learner corpus KOST. The tool is programmed in a way to support a variety of languages and corpus types
Physics-based surface patch analysis for prediction of hydrophobic contribution to viscosity of mAbs
No full textThe viscosity of monoclonal antibody solutions is critical in their biopharmaceutical application, as it directly influences the ease of subcutaneous injection. Although many descriptors have been developed to enable the in silico prediction of viscosity, they are typically based on electrostatic properties while neglecting hydrophobicity, or rely on AI-based approaches with limited generalizability, both rendering the models inadequate. Moreover, the scarcity of high-quality experimental datasets further limits the use of machine learning algorithms, necessitating interpretable analysis of protein–protein interactions. In this work, we combine computational modeling with experimental viscosity measurements for a set of monoclonal antibodies. We introduce an algorithm for surface patch analysis capable of quantifying the characteristics of hydrophobic patches. By calculating physically meaningful interaction energies, we can discern between the propensity for high and low viscosity due to the hydrophobic effect. Furthermore, by analyzing antibodies with problematic hydrophobic patches, we introduce a theory explaining their solubilization. This method is adaptable to any protein format and can be generalized for early in silico screening of viscosity in protein-based biopharmaceutical solutions
Theoretical approaches to the analysis of lexical carriers of cultural meaning in south and west Slavic languages
No full textČlanek ponuja pregled teoretskih pristopov k obravnavi leksikalnih enot s kulturnim pomenom v slovanski jezikoslovni literaturi, zlasti v slovenski in poljski. Osredotoča se na dva glavna pristopa. Prvi se ukvarja z kulturnim besedjem, ki nima neposrednih ustreznic v drugih jezikih (brezekvivalentna kulturološka leksika), drugi pa z besedjem, ki je za določeno kulturo značilno in pomembno (ključne besede kulture). Oba pristopa povezuje termin kulturem. Članek analizira, kako različni avtorji opredeljujejo in razumejo predmet raziskav, katere termine zanj uporabljajo ter s katerimi pomenskimi področji se ukvarjajo. Na podlagi opravljene analize avtorica predlaga termin leksikalni nosilci kulturnega pomena kot nadpomenko za vse obravnavane termine, ker ta termin zajema širši razpon leksikalnih enot, ki so pomembne za prenos kulturnega pomena.The article provides an overview of theoretical approaches to analysing lexical units with cultural meaning in Slavic linguistics literature, particularly Slovenian and Polish. It focuses on two main approaches to these units. The first deals with cultural vocabulary that lacks direct equivalents in other languages (non-equivalent cultural words), whereas the second focuses on vocabulary that is characteristic and significant for a particular culture (cultural key words). Both approaches share the term cultureme. The article analyses how different authors define and understand the research subject, what terminology they use, and which semantic areas they explore. Based on the conducted analysis, the author proposes the term lexical carriers of cultural meaning as a hypernym for all the terms discussed, as this term covers a broader range of lexical units that are important for the transfer of cultural meaning
Razvijanje digitalne pismenosti bodočih učiteljev razrednega pouka z masovnim odprtim spletnim tečajem in s projektno zasnovanim učenjem
No full textThe present paper examines the implementation of a massive open online course and project-based learning to develop the digital competences of preservice teachers. The course design was based on the Digital Competence Framework for Citizens. The study evaluates the effectiveness of the implemented massive open online course and project-based learning in developing digital competences and assesses student satisfaction with these methods. A total of 166 students participated in the study during two academic years. The massive open online course and project assignments are compulsory components of the ICT in Education course. Students completed the massive open online course in an online classroom and demonstrated basic knowledge and understanding by achieving a passing grade. Through project-based learning, they developed digital competences at higher cognitive levels. At the end of the academic year, anonymised student feedback was collected on satisfaction with the lessons delivered, the support received from the mentors, the feedback received, and assessment through the massive open online course and project-based learning. The results indicate significant progress in digital skills, especially in digital educational content creation. The study also revealed high levels of student satisfaction with the lessons delivery, mentor support and feedback. The students rated the assessment through projectbased learning positively, indicating the effectiveness of this method. Recommendations are made for improving training and promoting digital competences of students. The study contributes to understanding the importance of integrating digital literacy into educational programmes and provides guidelines for developing effective approaches to promote digital literacy, which is essential for preparing students for future professional challenges and active citizenship in a technologically advanced world.Prispevek obravnava implementacijo masovnega odprtega spletnega tečaja in projektno zasnovanega učenja kot pristopov za razvijanje digitalnih kompetenc bodočih učiteljev. Zasnova tečaja je temeljila na Evropskem okviru digitalnih kompetenc za državljane (DigComp). Raziskava vrednoti učinkovitost izvedenega masovnega odprtega spletnega tečaja in projektno zasnovanega učenja pri razvijanju digitalnih kompetenc ter analizira zadovoljstvo študentov z obema izobraževalnima oblikama. V raziskavi je v dveh študijskih letih sodelovalo 166 študentov. Opravljen masovni odprti spletni tečaj in projektne naloge so obvezni elementi predmeta IKT v izobraževanju. Študentje so tečaj opravili v spletni učilnici ter s pridobitvijo pozitivne ocene izkazali osnovno raven znanja in razumevanja. S projektno zasnovanim učenjem so razvijali digitalne kompetence na višjih kognitivnih ravneh. Ob koncu študijskega leta so bili zbrani anonimizirani odzivi o zadovoljstvu študentov z izvedbo učnih enot, s podporo mentorjev, prejetimi povratnimi informacijami ter z ocenjevanjem v okviru masovnega odprtega spletnega tečaja in projektnega dela. Izsledki kažejo na pomemben napredek v digitalnih spretnostih, zlasti na področju ustvarjanja digitalnih izobraževalnih vsebin. Raziskava prav tako poudarja visoko zadovoljstvo študentov z izvedbo pouka, mentorsko podporo in s povratnimi informacijami. Študentje so pozitivno ocenili tudi ocenjevanje v okviru projektno zasnovanega učenja, kar potrjuje učinkovitost tega pristopa. V zaključku so podana priporočila za izboljšanje izobraževalne prakse in spodbujanje razvoja digitalnih kompetenc študentov. Raziskava prispeva k razumevanju pomena vključevanja digitalne pismenosti v izobraževalne programe in ponuja usmeritve za oblikovanje učinkovitih pristopov za krepitev digitalne pismenosti, ki je ključna za pripravo študentov na prihodnje profesionalne izzive in aktivno državljanstvo v tehnološko napredni družbi