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Necessary succession (and related institutions) in Slovenian case law
No full textAvtorica analizira več pomembnih sodnih odločb Vrhovnega sodišča Republike Slovenije (VSRS) in Ustavnega sodišča Republike Slovenije, ki so bile v objavljene v zadnjih 15 letih na temo nujnega dedovanja in z njim povezanih institutov ter po mnenju avtorice bistveno pripomorejo k razvoju prava na tem področju. Pri tem se osredotoča na temo daril, ki se jih po zakonu prišteva k čisti vrednosti zapuščine zaradi ugotavljanja obračunske vrednosti zapuščine, ki je osnova za določanje nujnih deležev, s posebnim poudarkom na sodnih odločbah, v katerih je VSRS presojalo (ne)odplačnost pogodb o dosmrtnem preživljanju in pogodb o preužitku, ter novejše sodne odločbe glede instituta izločitve iz zapustnikovega premoženja v korist njegovih potomcev iz 32. člena Zakona o dedovanju, ki prav tako pomembno vpliva na izračun nujnega deleža. Avtorica opozarja tudi na nepravilno dopuščanje ničnostne sankcije za primer prikrajšanja nujnega deleža v sodobni slovenski sodni praksi in nepotrebno vnašanje problema ustavnosti pravice do nujnega deleža v sodne odločbe VSRS, v katerih se obravnava (le) vprašanje (ne)odplačnosti pogodb o dosmrtnem preživljanju oziroma pogodb o preužitku. Na koncu analizira dve novejši sodni odločbi v zvezi z dedno nevrednostjo in razdedinjenju nujnih dedičev.The article analyses several important judicial decisions of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Slovenia (SCRS) and the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Slovenia issued over past fifteen years on compulsory succession and related institutes and, in the author’s opinion, have significantly contributed to the development of the law in this area. It focuses on the subject of gifts which, under the law, are to be added to the net value of the estate for the purpose of determining the accrued value of the estate, which is the basis for the determination of the necessary shares, with particular emphasis on the judicial decisions in which the SCRS has considered the (non)payment of lifetime maintenance and survivorship contracts, as well as recent judicial decisions on the institution of the exclusion of a decedent’s estate in favour of their descendants under the Article 32 of the Succession Act, which also significantly impacts the calculation of the forced share. The article also draws attention to the incorrect admission of the nullity sanction for the deprivation of the forced share in contemporary Slovenian case law and the unnecessary introduction of the problem of the constitutionality of the right to the forced share into the decisions of the SCRS, which deal (only) with the issue of the (non)payment of lifetime maintenance or survivorship contracts. Finally, it analyses two recent court decisions concerning incapacity to inherit and on the disinheritance of forced heirs
Gender equality plan at the University of Ljubljana
No full textThe article addresses the challenges to achieving gender equality in academia, with a particular focus on work–life balance as outlined in the University of Ljubljana’s Gender Equality Plan (2022–2027). Based on a 2022 survey of 820 academic staff members, the study investigates how caregiving responsibilities, institutional practices, and organizational culture affect career advancement and satisfaction with the work environment, particularly concerning gender equality. The findings reveal significant gender differences in caregiving responsibilities, uptake of parental leave, access to leadership positions, and perceptions of institutional support. Women are disproportionately affected by inflexible promotion criteria, such as the mandatory three‐month stay at a foreign university or research institution, and report higher instances of career setbacks following parental leave. Regression analyses underscore the role of perceived equal opportunities, supportive leadership, and workplace culture in shaping experiences of gender equality. While the Gender Equality Plan at the University of Ljubljana outlines promising measures, the study highlights a critical gap between policy and practice
Effectiveness of group voice therapy in teachers with hyperfunctional voice disorder
No full textBackground/Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the short-term and long-term effectiveness of group voice therapy in changing vocal behaviour and improving voice quality (VQ) among teachers with hyperfunctional voice disorders (HFVD), using both subjective and objective measures.
Methods: Thirty-one teachers participated in a structured group voice therapy programme. Participants underwent videoendostroboscopic evaluation of laryngeal morphology and function, perceptual assessment of voice, acoustic analysis of voice samples, and aerodynamic measurements of phonation. Patients’ self-assessment of VQ and its impact on quality of life were measured using a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and the Voice Handicap Index-30 (VHI-30). Evaluations were conducted at four time points: pre-therapy (T0), immediately post-therapy (T1), and at 3-month (T3) and 12-month (T12) follow-up visits.
Results: Significant improvement was observed between T0 and T1 in perceptual voice evaluations: grade, roughness, asthenia, strain, loudness, fast speaking rate, as well as in neck muscle tension, shimmer, patients’ most harmful vocal behaviours, VHI-30 scores, patients VQ evaluation, and its impact on quality of life (all p < 0.05). Almost all parameters of subjective and objective voice assessment improved over the 12-month observation period, with the greatest improvement between T0 and T12 (all p < 0.05), indicating lasting reduced laryngeal tension and improved phonatory efficiency.
Conclusions: Group voice therapy has been shown to be an effective treatment for teachers with HFVD, leading to significant and long-lasting improvements in perceptual, acoustic, and self-assessment outcomes. Therapy also promoted healthier vocal and lifestyle behaviours, supporting its role as a successful and cost-effective rehabilitation and prevention method for occupational voice disorders
Operational capacity of automated agricultural land processing under variable solar energy availability across different time periods
No full textTrajnostno obdelavo urbanih kmetijskih površin bomo lahko v prihodnosti dosegli z uporabo avtomatiziranih flot obdelovalnih robotov, ki bodo zmožne svojo dejavnost prilagajati razpoložljivosti solarne energije. Ker se ta vir energije spreminja glede na letni čas, je pri snovanju napajalnih sistemov in algoritmov za delovanje robotov ključno upoštevati več dejavnikov. V okviru študije smo analizirali vpliv razpoložljive sončne energije v Ljubljani na napajanje izbranega Li-ionskega baterijskega paketa. Ta je vseboval 7 celic s kapaciteto 20 Ah in nominalno napetostjo 24 V, kar bi zadoščalo za približno 4 ure obratovanja pri moči 100 W. Rezultati kažejo, da se v oblačnem januarskem dnevu pri izbrani velikosti fotovoltaičnih panelov lahko napolni le en baterijski paket, v jasnem januarskem dnevu pa število možnih polnjenj naraste na 20. Jasen junijski dan pri isti velikosti fotovoltaičnih panelov omogoči polnjenje kar 55 baterijskih paketov. Za uspešno avtomatizacijo je torej ključno poznavanje vseh vplivnih dejavnikov, saj nihanja razpoložljive solarne energije neposredno vplivajo na zmogljivost flote obdelovalnih robotov
PID tuning based on differential evolution algorithm in PLC for airflow control
No full textPrispevek predstavlja primer izvedbe naprednih algoritmov v PLK višjenivojskem programskem jeziku SCL
za potrebe nastavitev parametrov PID na primeru procesne avtomatizacije. Z razvojem strojne opreme je
možno napredne algoritme izvajati tudi direktno v PLK, še posebno zanimive pa so vgradnje algoritmov
umetne inteligence in strojnega učenja. V okviru zaključnih del smo s študenti izvedli več prenosov naprednih algoritmov v PLK in jih primerjali s teoretičnimi metodami in praktičnimi orodji v industriji. Na področju uporabe optimizacijskih algoritmov v procesni industriji smo za namen demonstracije nastavitev parametrov PID izvedli z uporabo algoritma diferencialne evolucije na PLK na učnem laboratorijskem modelu regulacije pretoka zraka. Zaradi specifičnosti in omejenosti programskih jezikov so bile rešitve namenoma deloma izvedene tudi s pomočjo orodij generativne umetne inteligence, da se lahko ovrednoti kvaliteta podanih rešitev. Pojav generativnih modelov, kot so chatGPT, Copilot, Gemini, DeepSeek itd., nezadržno vpliva tudi na pedagoški proces in nove priložnosti podajanja učnih vsebin na vseh stopnjah izobraževanja.Izkušnje z različnimi projekti študentov avtomatike in robotike kažejo, da orodja umetne inteligence (UI) še ne zmorejo podati celovitih rešitev, lahko pa služijo kot dobra podpora.The paper presents implementation of advanced algorithms in PLC using the higher-level programming language SCL for PID parameter tuning in process automation. Nowadays advanced algorithms can also be implemented directly in PLCs, whereas implementation of artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms is particularly interesting. In scope of the master thesis and student projects we implemented several advanced algorithms in PLCs and compared them with theoretical methods and practical industry tools. In the study case we implemented differential evolution algorithm optimization algorithm in the process industry control scheme for PID parameter tuning into PLC for task of airflow control. Due to the specificity and limitations of programming languages, the solutions were partially developed using tools of generative artificial intelligence, to evaluate the quality of obtained solutions. Generative models such as chatGPT, Copilot, Gemini, DeepSeek, etc., also have an impact on the teaching part, bringing new opportunities for teaching content at all levels of education. Experience through various student projects by students of automation and robotics shows that AI tools are not yet able to provide comprehensive solutions, but they can serve as good support
Mechanochemical synthesis of nicotinium and isonicotinium diatrizoate
No full textTekom diplomskega dela sem z metodo mehanokemijske sinteze raziskovala možnosti tvorbe novih spojin med diatrizoično kislino in nikotinamidom ter izonikotinamidom. Najprej sem z izbranimi sinteznimi pogoji preverila uspešnost kemijskih pretvorb in se na podlagi pregledanih difraktogramov odločila za pogoje, ki so dali najboljše rezultate. Ključna dejavnika za nastanek nove spojine sta bila prisotnost manjših količin topila in uporaba mlevnih kroglic ustrezne velikosti. Vzorce sem analizirala s pomočjo rentgenske praškovne difrakcije in posnete difraktograme med seboj primerjala.Throughout my thesis, I used mechanochemical synthesis to investigate the possibilities of forming new compounds between diatrizoic acid and nicotinamide or isonicotinamide. First, through selected syntheses, I examined the milling parameters and, based on the reviewed diffractograms, selected the conditions that provided the best outcomes. The key factors for the formation of the new compound were the presence of small amounts of solvent and the use of milling balls of appropriate size. I analyzed the samples using X-ray powder diffraction and compared the recorded diffractograms with one another
Evolving granular fuzzy control
No full textThis paper highlights the relevance of evolving granular fuzzy systems in adaptive control and fuzzy modeling, particularly for learning in dynamic, nonstationary environments. These systems incrementally construct rule-based models—such as predictors and controllers operating in open- or closed-loop configurations—by adapting both structure and parameters from data streams. This provides a flexible and autonomous alternative to traditional parametric-adaptive approaches. We consolidate foundational concepts in fuzzy and adaptive control, positioning evolving systems as data-driven extensions of classical schemes. Key challenges are discussed, including safety-aware adaptation to drift, memory mechanisms, interpretability, and principled structural evolution. Building on these foundations, we develop a more mature formulation of the state-space evolving granular modeling and control framework (SS-EGM/SS-EGC), introducing a decay-rate–oriented treatment that advances the methodology beyond mere LMI feasibility toward online optimality. A compact case study on the chaotic Hénon map illustrates the approach: an online SS-EGM learned from data streams supports SS-EGC synthesis that stabilizes the map under bounded inputs. One-step prediction accuracy and decay-rate estimates confirm real-time viability. The framework provides a flexible basis that can be further extended in multiple directions to address the identified challenges
Greenwashing, the plastic future
No full textPlastika je postala nepogrešljiv element sodobnega življenja, vendar njena obsežna uporaba povzroča pomembne okoljske in družbene posledice. V odziv na te izzive je Evropska unija vzpostavila celovit pravni okvir, ki vključuje omejitve za plastične izdelke za enkratno uporabo, spodbujanje recikliranja in prehod na krožno gospodarstvo, hkrati pa aktivno sodeluje pri oblikovanju mednarodnih pravno zavezujočih pobud. Pogosto se pojavlja zeleno zavajanje potrošnikov, saj so okoljske trditve izdelkov lahko zavajajoče glede njihove reciklabilnosti ali okoljskega učinka. EU je sprejela Direktivo (EU) 2024/825 in predlog direktive o zelenih trditvah in Uredbo (EU) 2025/40, ki postavljata zahteve za preverjanje, sporočanje in utemeljevanje okoljskih oznak ter standarde embalaže. Kljub temu obstajajo neskladja med deklarirano zmožnostjo recikliranja in dejansko reciklažo, kar omejuje učinkovitost varstva potrošnikov. Analiza vsakodnevne uporabe plastike kaže, da je za resnično trajnostno rabo nujen celovit pravni okvir, ki povezuje proizvodnjo, ravnanje z odpadki in nadzor nad okoljskimi trditvami.Plastic has become an integral part of modern life, yet its widespread use entails significant environmental and social consequences. To address these challenges, the European Union has established a comprehensive legal framework encompassing restrictions on single-use plastics, the promotion of recycling, and the transition to a circular economy, while actively engaging in the development of international legally binding initiatives. Greenwashing remains a pervasive issue, as environmental claims regarding products often misrepresent their recyclability or overall environmental impact. In response, the EU has enacted Directive (EU) 2024/825, proposed the Directive on Green Claims and adopted regulation 2025/40, which establish standards for the verification, communication, and substantiation of environmental claims as well as packaging requirements. Despite these measures, discrepancies persist between stated recyclability and actual recycling outcomes, undermining consumer protection. Analyses of everyday plastic use highlight the necessity of an integrated legal framework that aligns production, waste management, and oversight of environmental claims to achieve genuinely sustainable practices
Automated assessment of collateral circulation and infarct core
No full textPurpose This study aimed to evaluate the predictive value of automatically assessed collateral circulation (CC) and infarct core for functional outcome in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients treated with endovascular thrombectomy (EVT).
Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 208 patients with anterior large vessel occlusion treated with EVT. Two AI-powered software were used to automatically assess CC and infarct core. Comparative analyses included patient demographics, clinical and imaging data, and functional outcome. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to predict the 90-day functional outcome. A favorable outcome was defined as a modified Rankin scale (mRS) score ≤ 2.
Results Among the 208 patients, 114 (54.8%) were women and 94 were men, with a mean age of 71.4 ± 13.3 years. Patients with higher collateral score (CS) exhibited lower infarct core volumes (p < 0.001) and better mRS score at 90 days (p = 0.008). Among patients with a favorable outcome, the mean infarct core volume was lower compared to those with poor outcomes (5 mL vs. 8.6 mL, p = 0.003). In univariate logistic regression, both infarct core (OR 0.94, p = 0.005) and CS (OR 1.84, p = 0.014) were predictors of favorable outcome. However, in multivariable models, only infarct core remained a significant independent predictor [AORs of 0.95 (p = 0.021) and 0.96 (p = 0.039)].
Conclusion Automatically assessed infarct core is a robust predictor of functional outcome in AIS patients post-EVT, while CS\u27s predictive value diminishes when adjusted for infarct core. These findings support the integration of AI-powered evaluations in clinical settings to improve prognosis and treatment strategies for AIS