123903 research outputs found
Sort by
Pod stresom, a še vedno v igri
No full textElite athletes experience substantial psychological and physical stress that can undermine motivation and engagement in daily training and competition. Drawing on the Job Demands–Resources (JD-R) model, this study examines how daily sport-related stress affects sport engagement in elite athletes, focusing on the mediating role of attentional focus and the moderating role of REM sleep. Nineteen professional female handball players from Slovenia participated in a 60-day experience sampling study during the competitive season. Participants completed daily mobile surveys assessing stress, focus, and engagement, and wore validated Oura rings to track nightly REM sleep. In total, 1,020 daily observations were collected and analyzed using multilevel modeling. The results indicate that higher levels of perceived stress were associated with lower sport engagement the following day. This negative relationship was positively mediated by attentional focus: although stress tended to impair concentration, individuals who maintained higher attentional focus remained more engaged. Importantly, REM sleep moderated this relationship such that the negative impact of stress on engagement was slightly attenuated following nights with more REM sleep. The study extends JD-R theory by identifying REM sleep as a physiological buffer against stress. Practically, the results support interventions targeting stress management, attentional control, and sleep quantity to maintain sport engagement. We used a lagged daily design in which stress reported on Day 1 and REM sleep recorded during Night 1 predicted focus and engagement assessed on Day 2. The study demonstrates the value of combining self-reports with objective sleep tracking to understand within-athlete fluctuations in well-being and performance.Vrhunski športniki doživljajo znatne psihološke in telesne obremenitve, ki lahko oslabijo motivacijo in zavzetost za vsakodnevne treninge in tekmovanja. Na podlagi Modela delovnih zahtev in virov (JD-R) v prispevku preučujemo, kako dnevni delovni stres vpliva na športno zavzetost vrhunskih športnikov, pri čemer je naš glavni cilj preučiti vlogo osredotočenosti kot mediatorja in REM spanja kot moderatorja. V raziskavi je sodelovalo devetnajst poklicnih rokometašic iz Slovenije, ki so v času tekmovalne sezonesodelovale v 60-dnevni študiji z metodo izkustvenega vzorčenja. Udeleženke so vsak dan izpolnjevale mobilne vprašalnike o stresu, osredotočenosti in zavzetosti ter ponoči nosile validirane prstane Oura, ki so beležili njihovo REM spanje. Skupno je bilo zbranih 1.020 dnevnih opazovanj, ki smo jih analizirali z uporabo večnivojskega modeliranja. Rezultati kažejo, da so bile višje ravni zaznanega stresa povezane z nižjo športno zavzetostjo naslednji dan. V tej negativni povezavi kot mediator nastopa osredotočenost. To pomeni, da kljub temu, da stres zmanjšuje koncentracijo, športnice z višjo ravnijo osredotočenosti ohranjajo večjo zavzetost pri športu. Ključna ugotovitev je tudi, da REM spanje omili negativni vpliv dnevnega delovnega stresa na zavzetost, ki jenekoliko manjši po nočeh z več REM spanja. Študija bogati teorijo JD-R z vključitvijo REM spanja kot fiziološkega blažilca stresa. S praktičnega vidika rezultati podpirajo aktivnosti za obvladovanje stresa, nadzor osredotočenosti in količino spanja za ohranjanje športne zavzetosti. Uporabili smo zamaknjen dnevni raziskovalni dizajn, v katerem smo stres merili zvečer, REM spanje ponoči, osredotočenost in zavzetost pa nato ocenili naslednji dan. Študija tudi poudarja pomen kombinacije samoocenjevanja in objektivnega spremljanja spanja za razumevanje dobrega počutja in uspešnosti športnikov
The value of leaders we trust and leaders who make us stronger
No full textThis study investigates the critical role of social identity in leadership, specifically examining identity leadership (IL) and the unique contributions of its four subdimensions: identity prototypicality, identity advancement, identity entrepreneurship, and identity impresarioship. To date, research has largely focused on the global construct of identity leadership and shown that in organizational contexts, it is a predictor of a range of outcomes, including group members’ burnout and organizational citizenship. However, the distinct roles of the four subdimensions remain little understood. Extending earlier findings, we address this gap by testing the hypothesis that the four subdimensions are differentially implicated in two key mechanisms that underlie the relationship between IL and group outcomes: (a) trust in the leader and (b) team identification. The present study explores this proposition by using structural equation modeling with latent factors to test a mediation model in 2020–2021 data from the Global Identity Leadership Development project (GILDN = 7,855). As hypothesized, we found that identity prototypicality and identity advancement predominantly predicted greater trust in the leader, whereas identity entrepreneurship primarily predicted greater team identification. Contrary to our hypothesis, identity impresarioship showed a negative relation with trust. In turn, both trust in the leader and team identification were positively associated with organizational citizenship behavior (OCB), and negatively with burnout. We conclude by reflecting on the implications of these findings for both the theory and practice of leadership
A bibliometric review of sleep and work performance research up to 2023
No full textThis study systematically maps the research landscape on the relationship between sleep and work performance, identify- ing key intellectual foundations, thematic areas, and structural relationships. Using bibliometric methods, we analyzed 272 peer-reviewed articles retrieved from the Web of Science (WoS) database from inception through December 2023. Co-citation, co-occurrence, and bibliographic coupling analysis were conducted in VOSviewer software to identify domi- nant intellectual clusters, examine thematic linkages, and trace the field’s historical evolution. Three dominant themes emerged: the impact of sleep disorders, challenges posed by shift work, and effects of high-stress environments. Findings indicate a shift from primarily clinical concerns to broader organizational perspectives, increased methodological diversity, and growing recognition of sleep as a critical factor in employee health and productivity. Although the field has grown substantially, important gaps remain, such as limited attention to the role of wearable technologies, sleep stages, and the bidirectional nature of the sleep-performance relationship. The results highlight the need for longitudinal field studies and interdisciplinary approaches. Practically, the findings support workplace policies that promote sleep health through scheduling reforms, awareness initiatives, and targeted interventions, particularly for shift workers and those in high-stress professions, to enhance well-being, safety, and performance
The role of occupational therapy in prisons
No full textUvod: Diplomsko delo obravnava vpliv zaporniškega okolja na posameznika in preučuje vlogo delovne terapije pri ohranjanju duševnega zdravja zapornikov in njihovi pripravi na življenje po odpustu. Poseben poudarek je namenjen razumevanju, kako lahko delovna terapija s svojimi pristopi prispeva k uspešni reintegraciji zapornikov v družbo. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je bil predstaviti vlogo delovne terapije pri rehabilitaciji zapornikov in njen prispevek k uspešni reintegraciji v skupnost. Metode: Uporabljen je bil pregled strokovne in znanstvene literature. Iskanje je potekalo v bazah Web of Science, Cinahl in PubMed in sicer z uporabo ključnih besed: occupational therapy, prisoners, rehabilitation. V analizo so bili vključeni članki v angleškem jeziku, pri katerih so bile ključne besede navedene v naslovu ali izvlečku. Rezultati: Pregled literature je pokazal, da ima delovna terapija pomemben vpliv na vsakodnevno življenje zapornikov. Z vključevanjem v smiselne dejavnosti se krepi njihova samopodoba ter samozavest, poveča se njihova motivacija in razvijajo socialne ter praktične veščine, ki so ključne za življenje po odpustu. Terapevtske intervencije dokazano zmanjšujejo občutek izolacije, napetosti in stresa, hkrati spodbujajo sodelovanje pri drugih rehabilitacijskih programih. Programi, ki vključujejo senzorične pristope in strukturirane dejavnosti, so se izkazali kot učinkoviti pri zmanjševanju tveganja za ponavljanje kaznivih dejanj ter pripravi zapornikov na vključitev v širšo družbo. S pomočjo delovne terapije se povečuje pripravljenost posameznikov za prevzem odgovornosti, izboljšanje sposobnosti reševanja problemov in krepi občutek nadzora nad lastnim življenjem. Zmanjšujejo se negativni učinki zaporniškega okolja, saj smiselne dejavnosti zapornikom ponujajo priložnost za osebno rast in vzdrževanje pozitivne samopodobe. Poudariti velja, da delovna terapija deluje kot povezovalni člen med posameznikom in okoljem ter pomaga graditi temelje za boljšo kakovost življenja tudi po odpustu. Zaključek: Delovna terapija v zaporih predstavlja most med kaznovanjem in rehabilitacijo, saj zapornikom omogoča, da razvijejo nove spretnosti, ponovno pridobijo občutek smisla ter izboljšajo kakovost življenja. S svojim delovanjem povečuje možnost za uspešno vrnitev v družbo, zmanjšuje tveganje za ponovitev kaznivih dejanj in krepi socialno vključenost posameznika. V prihodnje bi bilo smiselno zagotoviti več sistemske podpore, ustrezne prostorske in kadrovske vire ter vključiti delovno terapijo v rehabilitacijske programe v zaporih.Introduction: In this thesis, we examined the impact of the prison environment on individuals and explored how occupational therapy can contribute to maintaining the mental health of prisoners and prepare them for life after release. Purpose: The purpose of the thesis was to present the role of occupational therapy in the rehabilitation of prisoners and its contribution to successful reintegration into the community. Methods: We conducted a review of the professional and scientific literature, focusing on studies about occupational therapy in prison settings and its influence on the rehabilitation and reintegration of prisoners. Literature has been searched on Web of Science, Cinahl and PubMed. Used keywords were occupational therapy, prisoners and rehabilitation. The articles must have this keyword in the title or abstract and must be written in English. Results: We found that occupational therapy has a significant impact on the daily living of prisoners. Engagement in meaningful activities strengthens their self-esteem, enhances motivation, and supports the development of social and practical skills essential for life after release. Therapeutic interventions have been shown to reduce feelings of isolation, tension, and stress, while also encouraging participation in other rehabilitation programs. Programs incorporating sensory-based approaches and structured activities have proven effective in reducing the risk of re-offending and preparing prisoners for integration back into the community. Additionally, occupational therapy increases individuals\u27 readiness to take responsibility, improves problem-solving abilities, and strengthens their sense of control over their own lives. The negative effects of imprisonment are reduced by meaningful activities, which provide opportunities for personal growth and maintaining a positive self-image. It is important to emphasize that occupational therapy plays a crucial role as a key link between the individual and their environment, laying the foundation for a better quality of life after release. Conclusion: Occupational therapy in prison represents a bridge between punishment and rehabilitation, enabling prisoners to develop new skills, regain a sense of purpose and improve their quality of life. Its practice increases the likelihood of successful reintegration into society, reduces the risk of recidivism and strengthens social inclusion
Use of commas by primary school teachers
No full textS pravilno rabo vejice oblikujemo ustrezen pomen besedila. Pravila o rabi vejice so zapisana v pravopisu. Temelj za razumevanje stave vejice ni le poznavanje pravil, ampak tudi obvladovanje skladenjskega sistema. Učitelji razrednega pouka so prvi, ki učence v izobraževanju sistematično poučujejo o rabi vejice. S svojim znanjem vplivajo na pravopisno zmožnost učencev, zato je strokovnost na tem področju nujno potrebna.
V teoretičnem delu smo opredelili vejico kot ločilo ter predstavili zgodovino pravopisov in pravila o rabi vejice v slovenskem jeziku, kot so določena v aktualnem Slovenskem pravopisu. Iz učnih načrtov za slovenščino v osnovni šoli in gimnaziji smo izpisali operativne učne cilje in standarde znanja o rabi vejice. Opredelili smo vlogo učitelja razrednega pouka pri razvijanju pravopisne zmožnosti učencev in predstavili predloge za kakovostnejše poučevanje vejice. Poleg tega smo našteli pogoste težave pri stavi vejice, ki so bile ugotovljene v dosedanjih raziskavah, razloge, zakaj je znanje o rabi vejice pomembno, in možnosti jezikovne podpore na področju razvijanja pravopisne zmožnosti.
Anketirali smo učitelje razrednega pouka in pripravili preizkus znanja, s katerim smo želeli ugotoviti, na katerih mestih v povedi imajo učitelji razrednega pouka težave pri stavi vejice. V empiričnem delu smo predstavili rezultate raziskave, s katero smo želeli preveriti, ali je uspešnost na preizkusu znanja o rabi vejice povezana s spolom, številom let poučevanja, s poučevanim razredom, z lastno oceno obvladovanja rabe vejice, s samooceno o težavah pri stavi vejice, z označenimi težavnimi mesti pri stavi vejice v povedih in z željo po izobraževanju na tem področju. Poleg tega je bil namen raziskave izvedeti, kateri vir podpore najučinkoviteje pomaga pri dilemi o stavi vejice in ali se mnenje o obvladovanju rabe vejice in stopnja izobraževanja z največ prejetim znanjem o tem med učitelji razrednega pouka razlikuje glede na število let poučevanja. V vzorec smo vključili 112 učiteljev razrednega pouka z različnih slovenskih osnovnih šol. Sodelujoči učitelji so izpolnili anketni vprašalnik in preizkus znanja, ki sta bila dostopna na spletnem portalu 1KA.
Ugotovili smo, da učitelji razrednega pouka dobro poznajo rabo vejice, saj so na preizkusu znanja dosegli povprečno 72,6-odstotni rezultat. Vendar bi si želeli, da bi bila njihova pravopisna zmožnost pri rabi vejice boljša. Najnižji rezultat so dosegli učitelji, ki poučujejo od 31 do 40 let (64,9 %). Učitelji, ki so svoje znanje o rabi vejice ovrednotili z zelo dobro, so na preizkusu znanja dosegli najvišji rezultat. Več kot tri četrtine anketiranih učiteljev (78,6 %) je izrazilo željo po udeležbi na delavnici o rabi vejice. Skoraj vsem učiteljem razrednega pouka je obvladovanje rabe vejice pomembno (96,4 %). Največjemu številu učiteljev zato, ker to ločilo besedilu določa pomen (48,2 %). Slovenski pravopis – Pravila in vpraševanje sodelavca ali sodelavke sta najpogosteje izbrana jezikovna vira podpore, ki uporabnikom pogosto pomagata rešiti dilemo pri stavi vejice. Največ anketiranih učiteljev je izbralo odgovor, da so pomembnejši del znanja o rabi vejice prejeli med študijem na fakulteti (46,4 %).The correct use of the comma creates the appropriate meaning of the text. The rules on comma usage are written in the spelling book. The basis for understanding the comma is not only knowledge of the rules, but also mastery of the syntax system. Primary school teachers are the first to provide pupils with knowledge of comma spelling in education. Their knowledge influences their pupils\u27 spelling ability, so professionalism in this area is essential.
In the theoretical part, we define the comma as a punctuation mark, the history of spelling books and the rules of comma usage in the Slovene language. From the current Slovenian spelling book, we extract the spelling rules on the use of the comma. In the curricula for primary and secondary school, we find the operational learning aims and standards of knowledge on the use of the comma. We explain the role of the primary school teacher in developing students\u27 spelling skills and draw suggestions from the literature for improving the quality of comma teaching. In addition, we list common difficulties with the comma identified in previous research, the reasons why comma use is important, and the possibilities for language support in developing spelling competence.
We surveyed primary school teachers and prepared a knowledge test to determine where they have difficulty placing commas in sentences. We presented the results of a study designed to determine whether performance on the knowledge test on comma usage is related to gender, number of years of teaching, class taught, self-assessed comma mastery, self-assessed comma difficulties, marked comma difficulties in sentences, and desire for training in this area. In addition, the aim of the survey was to find out which source of language support is most effective in helping with the comma splice dilemma and whether the opinion on comma splice mastery and the level of education with the most knowledge received on this topic varies among teachers according to the number of years of teaching. The sample included 112 primary school teachers from different Slovenian primary schools. The participating teachers completed a questionnaire and a knowledge test available on the 1KA web portal.
We found that primary school teachers have a good knowledge of comma usage, with an average score of 72,6% on the knowledge test. However, we would like to see their spelling skills improve when it comes to using commas. The lowest score was achieved by teachers who have been teaching for 31 to 40 years (64,9%). Teachers who rated their knowledge of comma use as very good scored the highest on the knowledge test. More than three quarters of the teachers surveyed (78,6%) expressed a wish to attend a workshop on comma usage. In the survey, almost all primary school teachers consider mastering the use of commas to be important (96,4%). Most teachers claimed that it gives meaning to the text (48,2%). The Slovenian Spelling book - Rules and asking a colleague are the most frequently chosen language sources of support, often helping users to resolve a dilemma when using a comma. Most of the teachers surveyed chose to have received the most important part of their knowledge on comma usage during their studies at university (46,4%)
Physical preparation as a prerequisite for injury prevention in pianists
No full textMagistrsko delo izhaja iz osebne izkušnje bolečin v rokah, ki so se pojavile v obdobju intenzivnega vadenja klavirja. To je spodbudilo razmislek o presenetljivo pomanjkljivi obravnavi telesa in zdravstvene preventive v okviru glasbenega izobraževanja. Kljub temu da so številni pianisti izpostavljeni mišično-skeletnim bolečinam in poškodbam, to področje še vedno pogosto ostaja spregledano.
V delu so obravnavani različni pristopi, s katerimi je mogoče zmanjšati tveganje za nastanek bolečin in poškodb pri igranju klavirja – med njimi ogrevanje, raztezanje, zavestno dihanje, vaje za moč in stabilizacijo ter tehnike sproščanja. Poudarjen je pomen dobre telesne drže, ustrezne strukture vadbe ter pozornega zaznavanja telesnih signalov. Opisane so tudi konkretne vaje, ki so bile preverjene v praksi in so vključene v vsakodnevno rutino avtorja.
Delo želi prispevati k večjemu zavedanju o pomembnosti fizične priprave pri pianistu glasbeniku ter opozoriti na pomen fizične priprave in konkretne vaje, ki jih lahko implementiramo v vadbeni in pedagoški proces z možnostjo vključevanja tovrstnih vsebin v vadbeni in pedagoški proces. Ugotovitve in predlogi so lahko v pomoč tudi učiteljem klavirja po celotni vertikali glasbenega izobraževanja, saj ponujajo konkretna orodja, ki jih je mogoče implementirati kot podporo zdravemu in učinkovitemu razvoju glasbenika.This master’s thesis is based on a personal experience of pain in the hands that emerged during a period of intense piano practice. This situation prompted a reflection on the surprisingly limited attention given to the body and health of musicians within formal music education. Despite the fact that many pianists are exposed to musculoskeletal pain and injuries, this area remains frequently overlooked.
The thesis explores various strategies to reduce the risk of pain and injury related to piano playing, including warming up, stretching, conscious breathing, strength and stabilization exercises, and relaxation techniques. Emphasis is placed on the importance of healthy posture, well-structured practice, and attentive awareness of bodily signals. The exercises presented have been tested in practice and are integrated into the author\u27s daily routine.
This work aims to contribute to a greater awareness of the importance of physical preparation among pianists and musicians in general, and to highlight the potential integration of such practices into both individual practice and pedagogical approaches. The findings and practical suggestions may also serve as a resource for piano teachers at all levels of music education, offering concrete tools that support the healthy and effective development of musicianship
Stroke trends in 2015-2022 : declining admissions, rising reperfusion, uneven gains : stroke trends in Slovenia
No full textIntroduction. We assessed nationwide trends in administratively identified ischaemic stroke admissions, procedures, secondary prevention, and outcomes in Slovenia using linked national datasets in the absence of a dedicated stroke registry.
Methods. We conducted a nationwide longitudinal analysis of adult hospital admissions captured in linked administrative databases between 2015 and 2022. We report crude index-admission rates, acute procedures (intravenous thrombolysis [IVT], mechanical thrombectomy [MT], thromboendarterectomy [TEA], carotid artery angioplasty with stenting [CAS]), discharge secondary-prevention prescriptions, and time-to-death analyses with a maximum follow-up of 5 years.
Results. We included 16,839 unique index patients (median age 74 years54% male). Admissions peaked in 2017 (2,169) and crude rates decreased from 105 to 99 per 100,000 residents by 2022. Revascularisation increased (IVT 6.2% to 15%, MT 5.4% to 9.5%, TEA 9.1% to 14%), length of stay decreased, and discharge prevention therapy improved. Five-year mortality was higher with age and comorbidity and lower among patients receiving IVT and several secondary-prevention therapies. Care pathways differed by stroke aetiologywomen were older and men underwent more CAS and TEA, while IVT and MT were similar.
Conclusion. Crude admissions declined modestly while reperfusion and prevention improved, but the magnitude and pattern of improvement differed by care domain and patient subgroup, supporting continued monitoring and the development of a national stroke registry
Krajinsko-ekološke analize s programskim orodjem QGIS : študijski priročnik za vaje pri predmetu Krajinska ekologija
No full textPaket podatkov za vajo 1 v poglavju 3 vsebuje tri prostorske podatkovne baze, in sicer rastrsko podatkovno bazo DMV, geopaket z vektorsko podatkovno bazo raba tal v letu 2025 ter ShapeFile datoteko (štiri datoteke) s podatki o rabi tal v letu 2002.
Paket podatkov za vajo 2 v poglavju 4 vsebuje tri prostorske podatkovne baze, in sicer rastrsko podatkovno bazo DMV, geopaket z vektorsko podatkovno bazo raba tal v letu 2025 in vektorsko podatkovno bazo okvir območja analize.
Paket podatkov za vajo 3 v poglavju 5 vsebuje en geopaket s tremi vektorskimi podatkovnimi bazami, in sicer raba tal v letu 2025, vodotoki in točke naravnih vrednot ter eno preglednico s šifrantom rab tal. Poleg tega paket vsebuje še sliko lista Franciscejskega katastra za del katastrske občine Jezero (Seedorf).
Paket podatkov za vajo 4 v poglavju 6 vsebuje en geopaket s štirimi vektorskimi podatkovnimi bazami, in sicer raba tal v letu 2025, raba tal v letu 1825, vodotoki in točke naravnih vrednot.
Paket podatkov za vajo 5 v poglavju 7 vsebuje eno rastrsko podatkovno bazo DMV ter en geopaket s štirimi vektorskimi podatkovnimi bazami, in sicer raba tal v letu 2025, raba tal v letu 1825, vodotoki in točke naravnih vrednot
Development and qualification of a selective in vitro dissolution method for a product with poorly water-soluble drug substance
No full textFarmacevtska industrija se pri razvoju novih izdelkov vse bolj usmerja k pristopu vgrajene kakovosti, ki temelji na poglobljenem razumevanju procesov in fizikalno-kemijskih lastnosti sestavin. Predstopnja izdelave tablet je pogosto granuliranje, ki lahko poteka na valjčnem kompaktatorju. To omogoča dobro kontrolo procesa, vgraditev večje količine zdravilne učinkovine (ZU) v farmacevtsko obliko ter ustrezne lastnosti izdelanih granul za nadaljnjo obdelavo. Ena izmed kritičnih lastnost izdelka pri trdnih peroralnih farmacevtskih oblikah je hitrost sproščanja ZU, ki neposredno vpliva na njeno biološko uporabnost. Parametri uporabljeni pri granuliranju in sama formulacija izdelka vplivajo na sproščanje ZU, zato je vpliv teh parametrov potrebno oceniti z ustrezno metodo sproščanja. Namen magistrske naloge je bil razviti in kvalificirati selektivno in vitro metodo sproščanja za tablete s takojšnjim sproščanjem, ki vsebujejo slabo vodotopno ZU. Cilj je bil vzpostaviti robustno in selektivno metodo, sposobno zaznati spremembe v kritičnih lastnostih sestavin in kritičnih procesnih parametrih, ki bi lahko vplivale na sproščanje ZU in posledično učinkovitost izdelka. Ovrednotili smo filtriranje, stabilnost vzorčnih in standardnih raztopin in izbirali ustrezne pogoje za izvajanje testa sproščanja (aparatura USP 2, 900 mL 0,1 M citratnega pufra pH 4,6 in hitrost vrtenja mešal 60 obratov/min). Naknadno smo zaradi specifičnosti izdelka izvedli še test vezave ZU na dele sistema za avtomatsko vzorčenje in izbrali ustrezno čiščenje. Pri vrednotenju vpliva formulacijskih parametrov smo ugotovili, da imata velikost delcev ZU in količina znotraj granularnega razgrajevala pomemben vpliv na sproščanje ZU. Pri procesnih parametrih valjčnega kompaktiranja pa smo ugotovili, da višja sila stiskanja upočasni hitrost sproščanja, medtem ko razmik med valji in velikost sit v preiskovanih območjih nista imela statistično pomembnega vpliva. Na podlagi rezultatov preiskovanih vzorcev smo ovrednotili selektivnost razvite metode sproščanja. Metoda zazna večje spremembe, ki vodijo do neprimerljivih profilov sproščanja, hkrati pa pokaže tudi vpliv manjših sprememb, katerih rezultati so znotraj postavljenih mej. Razvita metoda je ustrezna za preiskovanje kontrole kakovosti in kot podpora pri razvoju izdelka.The pharmaceutical industry is increasingly focusing on the Quality by Design approach in the development of new products, which is based on in-depth processes and material understanding. A common first step in tablet manufacturing is often granulation, which can be performed using a roller compactor. This technique enables good process control, allows higher drug load in the dosage form, and ensures granules with suitable properties for further processing. One of the critical quality attributes for solid oral dosage forms is the drug dissolution, which directly affects its bioavailability. The parameters used during granulation and the product formulation itself can influence drug substance dissolution. Therefore, the impact of these parameters must be assessed using an appropriate dissolution method. The aim of this master\u27s thesis was to develop and qualify a selective in vitro dissolution method for immediate-release tablets containing a poorly water-soluble DS (drug substance). The goal was to establish a robust and discriminatory method capable of detecting changes in Critical Material Attributes and Critical Process Parameters that may influence drug release and, consequently, product efficacy. We evaluated filtration, the stability of the sample and standard solutions, and selected appropriate conditions for conducting the dissolution tests (USP apparatus 2, 900 mL of 0.1 M citrate buffer pH 4.6, and a paddle speed of 60 rpm). Subsequently, due to the product\u27s specificity, a test to assess drug substance carry-over was performed, and an appropriate cleaning procedure was selected. When evaluating the impact of formulation parameters, we determined that DS particle size and the amount of intragranular disintegrant have a significant influence on DS dissolution. Regarding roller compaction process parameters, we determined that a higher compaction force slows down the initial dissolution, while the roller gap and sieve size within the investigated ranges did not have a statistically significant impact on the overall dissolution profile. Based on the results of the tested samples, the discriminatory power of the developed dissolution method was evaluated. The method detects major changes leading to non-comparable dissolution profiles, while also demonstrating the impact of minor changes that remain within the established limits. The developed method is suitable for quality control testing and as a supporting tool in product development
Sustainable forest planning
No full textThe Triad framework seeks to balance the economic and ecological functions in forested landscapes by combining intensively, extensively, and unmanaged areas, assuming a higher support to biodiversity in extensively rather than in intensively managed forests. We quantified the effects of Triad zoning on biodiversity in (sub)montane eutrophic European beech forests. Using a European-wide multitaxon database and a “virtual” landscape approach (i.e., by resampling empirical data), we evaluated how the proportion of Triad management categories affected the landscape-level species diversity of birds, saproxylic beetles, vascular plants, epiphytic bryophytes, lichens, and wood-inhabiting fungi, as well as multitaxonomic diversity. The results varied greatly among taxonomic groups. Multitaxonomic diversity peaked in landscapes composed of 60% unmanaged and 40% intensively managed forests. While intensive management can benefit some taxa through the creation of open habitats, unmanaged forests are the backbone of biodiversity conservation, underlining the need to safeguard the remaining old-growth forests under natural dynamics, and to extend the current area of unmanaged forests in Europe. Extensive forest management, however, did not contribute to biodiversity conservation as expected. As withdrawing such a high proportion of European forest landscapes from management is unfeasible given the increasing demand for timber, efforts are needed to increase the presence of structural features supporting biodiversity into extensively managed forests