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Electroretinographic oscillatory potentials in Leber hereditary optic neuropathy
No full textPurpose Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) affects retinal ganglion cells causing severe vision loss. Pattern electroretinogram and photopic negative response (PhNR) of the light-adapted (LA) full-field electroretinogram (ERG) are typically affected in LHON. In the present study, we evaluated dark-adapted (DA) and LA oscillatory potentials (OPs) of the flash ERG in genetically characterized LHON patients to dissociate slow from fast components of the response.
Methods Seven adult patients (mean age = 28.4 ± 5.6) in whom genetic diagnosis confirmed LHON with mtDNA or nuclear DNAJC30 (arLHON) pathogenic variants were compared to 12 healthy volunteers (mean age = 35.0 ± 12.1). Full-field ERGs were recorded from both eyes. Offline digital filters at 50, 75 and 100 Hz low cutoff frequencies were applied to isolate high-frequency components from the original ERG signals.
Results ERG a-waves and b-waves were comparable between LHON patients and controls, while PhNR was significantly reduced (p = 0.009) in LHON patients compared to controls, as expected. OPs derived from DA signals (75 Hz low cutoff frequency) showed reduced peak amplitude for OP2 (p = 0.019). LA OP differences between LHON and controls became significant (OP2: p = 0.047, OP3: p = 0.039 and OP4: p = 0.013) when the 100 Hz low-cutoff frequency filter was applied.
Conclusions Reduced OPs in LHON patients may represent disturbed neuronal interactions in the inner retina with preserved photoreceptoral (a-wave) to bipolar cell (b-wave) activation. Reduced DA OP2 and high-cutoff LA OP alterations may be further explored as functional measures to characterize LHON status and progression
Breaking barriers in Parkinson’s care
No full textParkinson’s disease is a complex neurodegenerative disorder presenting a range of motor and non-motor symptoms that greatly impact both patients and caregivers. The diverse needs arising from these symptoms make a multidisciplinary team (MDT) approach crucial for effective management. This article explores the role and benefits of MDTs in Parkinson’s care, highlighting how collaborative models improve clinical outcomes and quality of life. MDTs integrate neurologists, nurse specialists, therapists, and other professionals to deliver comprehensive, patient-centered care. The inclusion of patients and caregivers fosters shared decision-making, enhancing health outcomes. However, challenges like limited controlled trials, lack of comprehensive guidelines, and under-referral remain. Innovative models, such as telehealth and community-based care, offer promising solutions, especially in underserved regions. The article advocates for further research and standardized guidelines to optimize the MDT approach for Parkinson’s disease
Ferroelectric fluids for nonlinear photonics: evaluation of temperature dependence of second-order susceptibilities
No full textFerroelectric nematic fluids are promising materials for tunable nonlinear photonics, with applications ranging from second harmonic generation to sources of entangled photons. However, the few reported values of second-order susceptibilities vary widely depending on the molecular architecture. Here, we systematically measure second-order NLO susceptibilities of five different materials that exhibit the ferroelectric nematic phase, as well as the more recently discovered layered smectic A ferroelectric phase. The materials investigated include archetypal molecular architectures as well as mixtures showing room-temperature ferroelectric phases. The measured values, which range from 0.3 to 20 pm V, are here reasonably predicted by combining calculations of molecular-level hyperpolarizabilities and a simple nematic potential, highlighting the opportunities of modelling-assisted design for enhanced NLO ferroelectric fluids
The potential of ChatGPT in the development of the Thesaurus of Modern Slovene
No full textV raziskavi preverjamo, kako dobro se ChatGPT-4 odreže pri dveh slovaropisnih nalogah: (a) čiščenju seznama strojno pridobljenih sopomenskih kandidatov in umeščanju sopomenskega gradiva pod besedne pomene ter (b) izdelavi slovarskega gesla, vključno s pomensko členitvijo, definicijami in zgledi, na podlagi različnih vhodnih podatkov. Kot zlati standard upoštevamo slovaropisne odločitve, vključene v Digitalno slovarsko bazo za slovenščino. V prvem preizkusu analiziramo rezultate za 246 slovarskih iztočnic in ugotavljamo, da je ChatGPT podatke uredil povsem enako kot slovaropisci pri 41,9 odstotka iztočnic, pri 58,1 odstotka pa se je v odločitvi razlikoval. Pri presojanju relevantnosti sopomenskih kandidatov je bil ChatGPT popustljivejši od zlatega standarda. Razlike v razvrščanju sopomenk (umestitev pod drug pomen pri 14,6 odstotka iztočnic, manjkajoča umestitev pri 19,9 odstotka) deloma pripi-sujemo značilnostim vhodnih podatkov, kot sta kompleksnost naloge in kratkost pomenskih indikatorjev. V drugem preizkusu preverjamo zmožnost ChatGPT za samostojno izdelavo slovarskih gesel za 116 iztočnic. Analiza kakovosti generiranih pomenskih členitev in defi-nicij kaže, da sistem deluje zmerno dobro: v 57 odstotkih primerov je zaznal vse pomene, skoraj 80 odstotkov generiranih gesel je doseglo povprečno oceno 3,5 ali več, 19 odstotkov pa najvišjo oceno obeh ocenjevalcev. Glavni izzivi so pretirano drobljenje pomenov, neprepo-znane prenesene rabe in manjša predvidljivost rezultatov. Sklenemo lahko, da ima ChatGPT potencial za pohitritev ročnega slovaropisnega dela, če se njegovi rezultati ustrezno preverjajo in nadgrajujejo.In this study, we examine how well ChatGPT-4 performs in two lexicographic tasks: (a) clea-ning the list of automatically retrieved synonym candidates and assigning synonymic material to lexical senses, and (b) generating dictionary entries, including sense division, definitions, and examples, based on different input data. As a gold standard, we consider the lexicographic decisions recorded in the Digital Dictionary Database for Slovene. In the first experiment, we analyse the results for 246 dictionary entries and find that ChatGPT processed the data iden-tically to lexicographers in 41.9 % of cases, while in 58.1 % of cases, it made different decisions. When assessing the relevance of synonym candidates, ChatGPT was more permissive than the gold standard. Differences in synonym placement (assignment to a different sense in 14.6 % of entries, missing placement in 19.9 %) can be partly attributed to input data characteristics, such as task complexity and the brevity of semantic indicators. In the second experiment, we test ChatGPT’s ability to autonomously generate dictionary entries for 116 headwords. The analysis of generated sense divisions and definitions reveals that the system performs modera-tely well: in 57 % of cases, it identified all senses, almost 80 % of generated entries received an average score of 3.5 or higher, and 19 % received the highest score from both evaluators. The main challenges include excessive splitting of senses, failure to recognise figurative meanings, and reduced predictability of results. We conclude that ChatGPT has potential for speeding up manual lexicographic work if its results are properly monitored and refined
The Depiction of Samurai and Battles from Sengoku Period in Japanese Art
No full textDiplomsko delo obravnava umetniške upodobitve obdobja Sengoku (1467–1615), s posebnim poudarkom na prikazu samurajev in ključnih zgodovinskih bitk, kot je bitka pri Sekigahari, na japonskih zložljivih paravanih byōbu. Osrednji predmet analize je umetniško delo Sekigahara kassen zu byōbu, ki vizualno interpretira zmago Tokugawe Ieyasuja in začetek šogunata Tokugawa, prelomnega dogodka v japonski zgodovini. Skozi ikonološko in vizualno analizo naloga raziskuje, kako so ti umetniški predmeti služili ne le estetskemu izrazu, temveč tudi kot orodja politične propagande, legitimizacije oblasti in oblikovanja kolektivnega zgodovinskega spomina. Umetniška dela, kot je Sekigahara kassen zu byōbu, pogosto odstopajo od zgodovinske točnosti ter poudarjajo simbolne elemente, idealizirane podobe samurajev in dramatizirane prizore, s čimer utrjujejo podobo Tokugawe Ieyasuja kot legitimnega in božanskega vladarja. Uporaba perspektive z višine, kontrastnih barv, heraldičnih simbolov ter vključitev prepoznavnih zgradb, kot so gradovi, in zgodovinskih osebnosti razkrivajo, kako je umetnost prispevala k utrjevanju novega družbeno-političnega reda. Naloga ugotavlja, da paravani iz obdobja Edo niso bili le dekorativni predmeti, temveč pomembno orodje vizualne kulture, ki je oblikovalo politično zavest in prispevalo k uveljavitvi nove oblasti v zgodnji moderni Japonski.This thesis examines artistic depictions of the Sengoku period (1467–1615), with a particular focus on the depiction of samurai and key historical battles, such as the Battle of Sekigahara, on Japanese folding screens called byōbu. The central object of the analysis is the artwork Sekigahara kassen zu byōbu, which visually interprets the victory of Tokugawa Ieyasu and the beginning of the Tokugawa shogunate, a turning point in Japanese history. Through iconological and visual analysis, the thesis explores how these artworks served not only as aesthetic expression, but also as tools of political propaganda, legitimization of power, and the formation of collective historical memory. Artworks such as Sekigahara kassen zu byōbu often deviate from historical accuracy and emphasize symbolic elements, idealized images of samurai, and dramatized scenes, thereby consolidating the image of Tokugawa Ieyasu as a legitimate and divine ruler. The use of perspective from above, contrasting colors, heraldic symbols, and the inclusion of recognizable buildings such as castles and historical figures reveal how art contributed to the consolidation of a new socio-political order. The thesis emphasizes that Edo period screens were not just decorative objects, but an important tool of visual culture that shaped political consciousness and contributed to the establishment of a new authority in early modern Japan
Identifying and promoting hygiene habits among preschool children of Roma background
No full textV diplomskem delu sem raziskovala, kakšne higienske navade imajo predšolski otroci romske pripadnosti, in sicer predvsem tiste, ki so povezane z umivanjem rok. Ugotavljala sem, kako izvedena dejavnost vpliva na higiensko stanje otrok v skupini.
V teoretičnem delu sem obravnavala tematiko higiene in predstavila značilnosti romske skupnosti. Predstavila sem osnove osebne higiene in higieno prostora.
V empiričnem delu sem izvedla opazovanje umivanja rok in higiene prostora (igralnice) ter intervju s strokovnimi delavkami, ki so v vsakodnevnem stiku z otroki. Otroke sem opazovala dan pred izvedbo dejavnosti, nato sem naslednji dan izvedla dejavnost in dan za tem ponovno opazovanje. Cilj dejavnosti je bil, da otroke spodbudim k natančnejšemu umivanju vseh predelov rok, da umivajo roke dlje časa oziroma vsaj 20 sekund in da pri umivanju rok uporabljajo milo. Merila sem čas umivanja rok ter spremljala tehniko umivanja in uporabo mila. Opazovanje je potekalo pred obroki in po njih, po uporabi sanitarij, po kihanju in kašljanju ter po dejavnostih na prostem.
Izvedla sem dejavnost, pri kateri smo z USB-mikroskopom opazovali umazanijo na rokah. Z opazovanjem po izvedeni dejavnosti sem ugotovila, da so si otroci umivali roke dlje časa in natančneje. Otroci so že pred dejavnostjo radi uporabljali milo, a se je uporaba tega hitro spremenila v igro. Ugotovila sem, da so po dejavnosti uporabili milo za odstranitev umazanije, a je bila pri mlajših opazna manjša pozornost do tehnike umivanja rok.
Iz intervjujev vzgojiteljic sem ugotovila, da strokovne delavke opozarjajo in spodbujajo otroke k umivanju rok. Strokovne delavke jim večkrat pokažejo pravilno tehniko umivanja ter jih spomnijo na postopek umivanja rok, ki je predstavljen na sliki nad umivalnikom.
Na podlagi predstavljenih ugotovitev je mogoče sklepati, da diplomsko delo pomembno prispeva k razumevanju higienskih navad predšolskih otrok romske pripadnosti, zlasti na področju umivanja rok. Rezultati raziskave potrjujejo, da ima ciljno usmerjena, četudi časovno omejena vzgojno-izobraževalna dejavnost, pozitiven učinek na izboljšanje časa in tehnike umivanja rok. Hkrati raziskava osvetljuje specifične izzive, s katerimi se strokovni delavci srečujejo pri vsakodnevnem pedagoškem delu v vrtcu, ter poudarja pomen sistematičnega in prilagojenega pristopa k oblikovanju higienskih navad. Ugotovitve tako predstavljajo pomembno izhodišče za nadaljnje raziskave in razvoj učinkovitejših pedagoških praks na področju zdravstvene vzgoje v predšolskem obdobju.In this thesis, I examined the hygiene habits of preschool children of Roma ethnicity, with a particular focus on habits related to handwashing. The study investigated how an implemented educational activity influenced the hygienic condition of children within a group.
The theoretical part addressed the concept of hygiene and presented the characteristics of the Roma community. It also outlined the fundamentals of personal hygiene and environmental hygiene.
In the empirical part, I conducted observations of handwashing practices and the hygiene of the indoor environment (playroom), as well as interviews with professional staff who are in daily contact with the children. The children were observed one day prior to the implementation of the activity, the activity was carried out the following day, and observations were repeated the day after. The aim of the activity was to encourage children to wash all parts of their hands more thoroughly, to wash their hands for a longer duration—at least 20 seconds—and to use soap during handwashing. The duration of handwashing was measured, and handwashing techniques and soap use were monitored. Observations took place before and after meals, after using the toilet, after sneezing and coughing, and after outdoor activities.
An activity was carried out in which dirt on the children’s hands was observed using a USB microscope. Based on the post-activity observations, it was found that children washed their hands for a longer time and more thoroughly. Even before the activity, children enjoyed using soaphowever, its use often quickly turned into play. After the activity, it was observed that children used soap primarily to remove dirt, although among younger children less attention to proper handwashing technique was still noticeable.
From the interviews with preschool teachers, it was established that professional staff regularly remind and encourage children to wash their hands. The staff frequently demonstrate the correct handwashing technique and remind children of the handwashing procedure illustrated in a poster displayed above the sink.
Based on the presented findings, it can be concluded that this thesis makes an important contribution to understanding the hygiene habits of preschool children of Roma ethnicity, particularly in the area of handwashing. The results confirm that a targeted, even if time-limited, educational activity has a positive effect on improving both the duration and technique of handwashing. At the same time, the study highlights specific challenges faced by professional staff in their everyday pedagogical work in kindergartens and emphasizes the importance of a systematic and adapted approach to developing hygiene habits. The findings therefore provide an important basis for further research and for the development of more effective pedagogical practices in the field of health education in early childhood
Optimization of spheroid formation and growth monitoring of the K7M2 mouse osteosarcoma cell line
No full textNamen magistrske naloge je bil optimizirati pripravo in gojenje sferoidov mišje osteosarkomske celične linije K7M2 glede na začetno število celic in trajanje gojenja ter ovrednotiti uporabnost metabolnih testov PrestoBlue™ in ATPlite 3D za spremljanje rasti in celične vitalnosti. Sferoidi predstavljajo tridimenzionalni tumorski model, ki posnema prostorsko organizacijo čvrstih tumorjev, vključno z nastankom proliferativne in nekrotične cone. Sferoide smo oblikovali z različno začetno gostoto celic (1000, 2000, 3000, 4000 in 10.000) ter jih gojili en ali dva tedna. Na preparatih sferoidov smo določili velikost nekrotične in proliferativne cone. Rezultati so potrdili značilno organizacijo con sferoidov ter pokazali, da večje začetno število celic in daljši čas gojenja vodita do večjih sferoidov in izrazitejšega razvoja nekrotične cone. Na podlagi teh rezultatov smo za nadaljnje analize izbrali sferoide z zmerno velikostjo nekrotične cone in na njih izvedli metabolne teste ter izračunali njihov volumen. Analiza metabolne aktivnosti je pokazala, da PrestoBlue™ test zazna trend naraščanja signala z rastjo sferoidov, vendar brez statistično značilne korelacije z volumnom. Test ATPlite 3D se v uporabljenih pogojih ni izkazal za zanesljivega, saj ni zagotavljal ponovljivih rezultatov. Ugotovili smo, da metabolna aktivnost ni linearno povezana z velikostjo sferoida, kar verjetno odraža difuzijske omejitve in presnovno heterogenost. Kombinacija morfoloških in metabolnih analiz tako omogoča celovitejše razumevanje stanja sferoidov ter predstavlja ustrezno osnovo za nadaljnje preučevanje terapevtskih pristopov, kot je elektrokemoterapija.The aim of this master’s thesis was to optimize the formation and cultivation of mouse osteosarcoma K7M2 spheroids with respect to initial cell number and culture duration, and to evaluate the applicability of the PrestoBlue™ and ATPlite 3D metabolic assays for monitoring spheroid growth and cellular viability. Spheroids represent a three-dimensional tumor model that mimics the spatial organization of solid tumours, including the formation of proliferative and necrotic zone. Spheroids were generated using different initial cell densities (1000, 2000, 3000, 4000 and 10,000 cells) and cultured for one or two weeks. Histological preparations were used to determine the size of the necrotic and proliferative zones. The results confirmed the characteristic spatial organization of spheroids and showed that higher initial cell numbers and longer culture durations produced larger spheroids with more pronounced necrotic regions. Based on these findings, spheroids with moderately sized necrotic zones were selected for further analyses, in which metabolic assays were performed and spheroid volume was calculated. Metabolic activity assessment showed that the PrestoBlue™ assay detected an increasing trend in signal intensity with spheroid growth, although no statistically significant correlation with volume was observed. The ATPlite 3D assay did not prove reliable under the tested experimental conditions, as it did not yield reproducible results. We found that metabolic activity is not linearly associated with spheroid size, likely reflecting diffusion limitations and metabolic heterogeneity. The combined use of morphological and metabolic analyses therefore enables a more comprehensive understanding of spheroid status and provides a relevant foundation for further investigation of therapeutic approaches, such as electrochemotherapy
Slovenian pediatricians’ self-assessment of their competence in identifying early communication deficits in children
No full textV zgodnjem intenzivnem razvoju se oblikujejo temelji za nadaljnji otrokov razvoj. Pomembno področje je razvoj komunikacijskih zmožnosti, katerih odstopanja lahko pomembno vplivajo na razvoj drugih področij in opozarjajo na razvojne težave. Ključno vlogo pri prepoznavanju teh odstopanj v sklopu preventivnih pregledov imajo pediatri na primarni ravni. Ob prepoznavi odstopanj morajo otroka napotiti v razvojno ambulanto, kjer ga pregleda razvojni pediater in po potrebi napoti k drugim strokovnjakom.
Namen magistrskega dela je raziskati samooceno zmožnosti slovenskih pediatrov pri prepoznavanju odstopanj v zgodnjem razvoju komunikacijskih zmožnosti otrok, oceno preteklih izobraževanj na to temo, pogoje dela ter kdaj bi napotili otroka na nadaljnjo razvojno oceno in h katerim strokovnjakom. Zanimalo nas je tudi, ali na raziskovanih področjih obstajajo razlike med pediatri in razvojnimi pediatri. Za namen magistrskega dela je bil oblikovan spletni anketni vprašalnik, na katerega je odgovorilo 58 pediatrov in 12 razvojnih pediatrov.
Rezultati raziskave kažejo, da anketirani ocenjujejo znanje s področja zgodnjega komunikacijskega razvoja, pridobljeno med študijem in specializacijo, kot nezadostno ter izpostavljajo potrebo po dodatnem izobraževanju na tem področju. Anketirani se zavedajo pomembnosti vloge pediatra pri zgodnjem odkrivanju razvojnih odstopanj, vendar pri tem posebej poudarjajo omejitve v praksi, kot so pomanjkanje časa, nejasne smernice in omejen dostop do standardiziranih presejalnih orodij. Pri posameznih zgodnjih komunikacijskih zmožnostih razvojni pediatri izkazujejo višjo samooceno kompetenc, kar predstavlja statistično pomembno razliko med skupinama. Glede starosti, pri kateri bi otroka napotili na nadaljnjo oceno, sta si skupini večinoma enotni. Med strokovnjaki, h katerim bi otroka napotili, so najpogosteje navedli razvojno ambulanto in logopeda.
Raziskava ponuja vpogled v samooceno zmožnosti slovenskih pediatrov pri prepoznavanju odstopanj v razvoju zgodnjih komunikacijskih zmožnosti ter izpostavlja potrebo po dodatnem izobraževanju pediatrov na tem področju, izboljšanju pogojev dela v praksi ter razvoju presejalnih testov in vprašalnikov ter jasnih smernic za učinkovito zgodnje prepoznavanje odstopanj.The foundations for a child\u27s further development are laid during early intensive development. An important area is the development of communication skills, deviations from which can significantly affect the development of other areas and indicate developmental difficulties. Primary care pediatricians play a key role in identifying these deviations during preventive check-ups. When deviations are identified, they must refer the child to a developmental clinic, where a developmental pediatrician will examine them and, if necessary, refer them to other specialists.
The purpose of this master’s thesis is to investigate Slovenian pediatricians’ self-assessment of their ability to recognise deviations in the early development of children’s communication abilities, their evaluation of past studies on this topic, their working conditions, and when they would refer a child for further developmental assessment and to which professionals. We were also interested in whether differences exist between pediatricians and developmental pediatricians employed in developmental clinics. For the purposes of this study, an online questionnaire was created and completed by 58 pediatricians and 12 developmental pediatricians.
The results of the study indicate that participating pediatricians consider the knowledge acquired during their studies and specialisation in early communication development to be insufficient and emphasise the need for additional training in this area. Both groups recognise the importance of the pediatrician’s role in the early identification of developmental deviations, but pediatricians particularly highlight practical limitations such as lack of time, unclear guidelines, and limited access to standardised screening tools. For several specific early communication skills, developmental pediatricians report higher self-assessed competence than pediatricians, representing a statistically significant difference between the groups. Regarding the age at which they would refer a child for further assessment, the two groups are largely consistent. Among the professionals to whom they would most frequently refer a child, pediatricians most often listed developmental clinics and speech and language therapists.
The study offers insight into the self-assessed abilities of Slovenian pediatricians to identify deviations in early communication development and highlights the need for additional pediatric training in this area, improvements in working conditions, and the development of diagnostic tools and clear guidelines to support effective early identification of developmental deficits
Pripovedi grških osnovnošolskih učiteljev o njihovem pogajanju o lastni vlogi med pandemijo Covida-19
No full textNo one can dispute the fact that the teaching profession seemed to be tested during the coronavirus pandemic. Teachers were called upon to perform a difficult and multifaced role, without help and support from the state. The issues that teachers had to respond to and solve are related to their autonomy, their digital literacy competences and their relationships/cooperation with students. The new working conditions terrified teachers, who had to manage their digital classroom through a violent readjustment. Under these circumstances, Greek primary school teachers’ narratives offer us their phenomenological perspective on how they coped with their teaching duties during this period of health and educational emergency. An initial attempt is made to empathetically approach the ‘world’ of four teachers, while the subsequent interpretive and critical analysis serves as a means to illuminate ‘hidden’ beliefs of their professional role, the reshaping of their identity, and their adaptation to the online teaching context. Through their narratives, the teachers reflect on the issue of the lack of support from the state. They also note that they found it difficult to manage their e-classes in such a short time. Finally, there is a need for more effective preparation of teachers in times of uncertainty and crisis.Nihče ne more oporekati dejstvu, da je bil učiteljski poklic med pandemijo koronavirusa na preizkušnji. Učitelji so morali opravljati težko in večplastno vlogo brez pomoči in podpore države. Vprašanja, na katera so se morali učitelji odzvati in jih reševati, so povezana z njihovo avtonomijo, usposobljenostjo za digitalno pismenost in z odnosi/s so-delovanjem z učenci. Novi delovni pogoji so učitelje prestrašili, saj so morali svoje digitalne učilnice upravljati z veliko prisilnega prilagajanja. V teh okoliščinah nam pripovedi grških osnovnošolskih učiteljev ponujajo njihov fenomenološki pogled na to, kako so se spopadali s svojimi učiteljskimi dolžnostmi v tem obdobju izrednih zdravstvenih in izobraževalnih razmer. Na začetku se poskušamo empatično približati »svetu« štirih učiteljev, medtem ko poznejša interpretativna in kritična analiza služi kot sredstvo za osvetlitev »skritih« prepričanj o njihovi poklicni vlogi, preoblikovanju njihove identitete in prilagajanju kontekstu spletnega poučevanja. Učitelji s svojimi pripovedmi razmišljajo o vprašanju pomanjkanja podpore države. Ugotavljajo tudi, da so v tako kratkem času težko obvladovali svoje e-učilnice. Nazadnje se kaže tudi potreba po učinkovitejši pripravi učiteljev med negotovostjo in krizo
Italijanska pot k evropeizaciji izobraževanja učiteljev
No full textThe Covid-19 emergency compelled teachers to reshape their teaching approach. Teachers were able to better recognise technologies as a means of interaction and digital transformation as a driver for professional growth. The present paper addresses the Europeanisation of teacher education and professionalisation. This process, which recognises the specific histories and political cultures of national training systems while offering common categories of analysis, nowadays welcomes the challenge of the general digital transition. The aim of the paper is to focus on how the process of Europeanisation of teacher education in Italy is taking place. Two paths are proposed. The first is the presentation of a documentary review study of the latest ministerial reforms that interpret the European recommendations. The second is a description of the DidaSco continuous professional development programme at the University of Bari, which implements European recommendations and national directives through appropriate technological innovations, which have been made even more available since the pandemic. What emerges is the representation of a possible ‘Italian way’ to the Europeanisation of teacher training, as is being achieved through the opportunities of digital transformation.Izredne razmere med pandemijo covida-19 so učitelje prisilile, da so preoblikovali svoj pristop k poučevanju. Učitelji so dobili priložnost bolje prepoznati tehnologije kot sredstvo interakcije in digitalno transformacijo kot gonilo poklicne rasti. Ta članek obravnava evropeizacijo izobraževanja in profesionalizacijo učiteljev. Ta proces, ki priznava specifične zgodovine in politične kulture nacionalnih sistemov usposabljanja, hkrati pa ponuja skupne kategorije analize, danes pozdravlja izziv splošnega digitalnega prehoda. Namen prispevka se osrediniti na to, kako poteka proces evropeizacije izobraževanja učiteljev v Italiji. Predlagani sta dve poti. Prva je predstavitev dokumentarne pregledne študije najnovejših ministrskih reform, ki razlagajo evropska priporočila, druga pa je opis programa stalnega strokovnega izpopolnjevanja DidaSco na Univerzi v Bariju, ki izvaja evropska priporočila in nacionalne direktive z ustreznimi tehnološkimi inovacijami, ki so po pandemiji postale še dostopnejše. Iz tega je razviden prikaz mogoče »italijanske poti« k evropeizaciji usposabljanja učiteljev, ki se uresničuje z možnostmi digitalne transformacije