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An analysis of the generational succession procedures for retaining organizational knowledge in companies within the basque autonomous community (Spain)
No full textThe retention of organizational knowledge is increasingly challenging for companies giventhe aging workforce, high turnover rates, and declining birth rates. This study explores the knowledge transfer processes during generational transitions and examines how digital transformation facilitates business model innovation. Specifically, it examines theknowledge transfer procedures implemented in companies in the Autonomous Community of the Basque Country, a competitive industrial region in Europe. Using a quantitative approach, 168 individuals in key leadership positions were surveyed on the mechanisms used for knowledge retention and their effectiveness. The results reveal that while companies prioritize knowledge transfer, most lack effective protocols. Organizations employing both digital and analog strategies are perceived as more efficient in retaining knowledge. Only half of the companies integrate knowledge transfer processes into their management strategies, with no observed differences in employee knowledge-sharing behaviors based on company size. This study concludes that a lack of structured procedures may harm long-term competitiveness, recommending that companies invest more in developing formal generational handover protocols. This research underscores the vital importance of knowledge retention for organizational sustainability and highlights the need for further exploration to address this issue
Von Verteilungswirkungen und Lobbyismus: Die sozial-ökologische Transformation ist kein Selbstläufer
No full textThe transmission of gender (in-)equality through commercial links
No full textGlobal firms employ significantly more women than non-global firms. Commercial ties serve as channels for transmitting social norms from partner countries, influencing workforce composition in global firms. Exposure to gender-equal norms increases the share of female workers across job types - but not in top management positions, where the effect vanishes. In gender-unequal commercial environments, global firms are significantly less likely to have female top managers, suggesting a "race to the bottom" in leadership. To ensure inclusive benefits of globalization, policy interventions should focus on advancing women into senior roles, where equality gains currently fall short
Board governance: does ownership matter?
No full textGood governance is crucial to achieving an organization's mission. Nevertheless, little is known about how the structure of governance is influenced by the nonprofit (NPO) or for‐profit ownership (FPO) structure of an organization, partly because they tend to be active in different sectors. In this paper we overcome this challenge by using data from a global sample of 392 microfinance institutions. The results show that the average NPO has a larger board, more female directors, and a higher number of board meetings than the average FPO. Moreover, where there are larger boards and more frequent board meetings, this has a positive effect on the financial performance of NPOs. It is thus confirmed that ownership structures influence boards’ characteristics and that some board mechanisms are more efficient in some ownership structures than in others. An effective board design should thus be based on a firm's ownership structure
Artificial intelligence as a method of invention
No full textThis study investigates the relationship between Artificial Intelligence (AI) and innovation inputs in Spanish manufacturing firms. While AI is increasingly recognized as a driver of productivity and economic growth, its role in shaping firms' innovation strategies remains underexplored. Using firm-level data, our analysis focuses on whether AI complements innovation inputs - specifically R&D and Embodied Technological Change (ETC) - and whether AI can be considered as a Method of Invention, able to trigger subsequent innovation investments. Results show a positive association between AI adoption and both internal R&D and ETC, in a static and a dynamic framework. Furtheremore, empirical evidence also highlights heterogeneity, with important peculiarities affecting large vs small firms and high-tech vs low-tech companies. These findings suggest that AI may act as both a complement and a catalyst, depending on firm characteristics
The relationship between firm formation and unemployment: Evidence from Türkiye
No full textThis paper aims to explore the relationship between firm formation and unemployment using regional and city-level Turkish data. We focus on the post-2008 financial crisis period and analyze the effects of unemployment and other control variables on firm formation at NUTS-II and NUTS-III regions of Türkiye. We estimate a fixed-effects panel data model and control for GDP per capita, urbanization, population density, patents, high school education, and higher education. Our results suggest that there is a significant positive effect of unemployment on new firm formation. The analysis concerning the converse relation, the impact of firm formation on unemployment, reveals no significant results at the NUTS-II level; however, a significant negative relationship is found at the city level with 4- and 5-year lags
An in-depth analysis of barriers to corporate sustainability
No full textRecent decades have witnessed an unprecedented demand for corporate sustainability. Driven by a desire to remain competitive amidst economic turmoil and climate change, organisations are embedding sustainable measures into their long-term goals and strategies. Despite such progress, corporate sustainability is taking longer than anticipated, and to understand the reasons behind the delay, this research employs a systematic literature review to identify and categorise the key barriers to the adoption of corporate sustainability. A collection of barriers from 56 articles is established, totalling 90 unique barriers grouped into six main categories. The findings reveal that corporate sustainability is highly complex, emphasising the need for a transdisciplinary approach that incorporates various theoretical frameworks. The findings will be a general guide for any organisation to prepare itself for tackling sustainability barriers while equipping policymakers in developing policies aimed at reducing their magnitude. Equally, it will provide insights to institutions of higher learning on the significance of cross-industry cooperation to ensure skill gaps are addressed at earlier stages and aligned with organisational needs
What drives right-wing populism in Europe? An empirical analysis
No full textThe rising success of right-wing populist parties and governments affects the cooperation of states in many areas such as the mitigation of climate change or common solutions to the refugee problem. Therefore, a better understanding of the reasons behind the growing importance of right-wing attitudes and voter behaviour is crucial. The paper summarises the potential determinants of right-wing voting behaviour and attitudes including personal characteristics, the economic situation, peer and regional path dependencies, the role of social contacts and the political and institutional framework. The empirical analysis is based on the European Social Survey (wave 11 for 2023). The results of econometric estimations show that a low qualification level is positively correlated with right-wing attitudes and voter behaviour. European right-wing voters disproportionately use the internet and social media to obtain political information. Interestingly, the current economic situation is not correlated with right-wing attitudes and behaviour. In Germany, poor people are even less likely to vote for the right-wing party AfD.Der zunehmende Erfolg rechtspopulistischer Parteien und Regierungen beeinträchtigt die Zusammenarbeit der Staaten in vielen Bereichen, wie beispielsweise der Eindämmung des Klimawandels oder gemeinsamen Lösungen für das Flüchtlingsproblem. Daher ist ein besseres Verständnis der Gründe für die wachsende Bedeutung rechtsgerichteter Einstellungen und des Wahlverhaltens von entscheidender Bedeutung. Der Beitrag fasst die potenziellen Determinanten des rechten Wahlverhaltens und der rechten Einstellungen zusammen, darunter persönliche Merkmale, die wirtschaftliche Lage, Peer- und regionale Pfadabhängigkeiten, die Rolle sozialer Kontakte sowie der politische und institutionelle Rahmen. Die empirische Analyse basiert auf der Europäischen Sozialerhebung (Welle 11 für 2023). Die Ergebnisse ökonometrischer Schätzungen zeigen, dass ein niedriges Qualifikationsniveau positiv mit rechten Einstellungen und Wählerverhalten korreliert. Europäische rechte Wähler nutzen überproportional häufig das Internet und soziale Medien, um sich politische Informationen zu beschaffen. Interessanterweise korreliert die aktuelle wirtschaftliche Lage nicht mit rechten Einstellungen und Verhaltensweisen. In Deutschland stimmen arme Menschen sogar seltener für die rechte Partei AfD
Optimizing employee attraction and retention in hospitality and tourism: A systematic review of employer branding research
No full textThe hospitality and tourism (H&T) sector, marked by intense employee-customer interactions, dynamic labor shifts, and high physical and emotional labor demands, faces chronic talent acquisition and retention. Therefore, tailored employer branding (EB) strategies that address the unique characteristics of the H&T sector are essential for improving the current situation. Despite the critical need for tailored solutions, a clear and unified approach for H&T companies to effectively manage their EB strategies, including the development of a compelling employee value proposition (EVP) that resonates with targeted professionals, has yet to be established. Following the PRISMA reporting guidelines, a systematic literature review of 30 peer-reviewed articles from the Scopus and Web of Science databases was conducted to synthesize existing research on EB practices in the H&T sector. The results reveal a fragmented literature that lacks a cohesive framework for categorizing and measuring EVP. The use of varied and inconsistent EVP models and scales across studies hampers comparative analysis and limits the development of generalizable insights. Furthermore, the review highlights a concentration of research within the hotel industry, leaving other important H&T industries, such as the restaurant and cruise industries, underexplored. This SLR emphasizes the urgent need for a unified approach to EB in H&T. Based on these results, promising research avenues are suggested to further advance EB research in H&T, along with managerial implications for enhancing talent attraction and retention in the sector
Les mésalignements du taux de change réel: Théories, mesures et implications pour les pays en développement
No full textCette note a pour objectif de présenter un aperçu de la littérature économique actuelle sur les questions liées aux mésalignements du taux de change réel, en mettant l'accent sur les pays en développement et émergents. Plus précisément, nous commencerons par décrire les différentes méthodes de mesure du taux de change réel effectif, ainsi que les difficultés techniques liées à la construction d'un tel indicateur (section 1). Dans un second temps, nous présenterons les principales approches théoriques de la notion de taux de change d'équilibre, en détaillant les avantages et limites de chacune (section 2). Nous discuterons ensuite du rôle des politiques fiscales et monétaires, et en particulier du régime de change, dans l'atténuation ou l'exacerbation des mésalignements du taux de change réel (section 3). Enfin, nous présenterons l'état des connaissances concernant l'impact des mésalignements du taux de change sur la croissance et le développement économique, tout en soulignant les lacunes actuelles de la littérature empirique (section 4)