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Children’s Upward Educational Mobility as a Booster for Parents’ Subjective Well-Being in Later Life
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Many European countries have experienced sustained educational expansion. Although the subjective well-being of upwardly mobile individuals has been studied, less is known about the implications of intergenerational mobility in education on parental well-being. Using multivariate regression models based on the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), this study examines whether children’s educational mobility is associated with their parents’ well-being, as measured by life satisfaction, and if so, whether low-educated parents profit more than middle-educated parents, and through which mechanisms. Parents with upwardly mobile children reported higher life satisfaction than those with nonmobile and downwardly mobile children. The effect was slightly stronger for parents with low education than for those with medium education. For parents with more than one child, each additional upwardly mobile child amplified the positive association with life satisfaction. However, we were unable to identify the substantial mechanisms responsible for the association between children’s educational mobility and parents’ life satisfaction. Emotional closeness, financial support, and instrumental help were associated with parental life satisfaction in general but did not differ enough between parents with and without upwardly mobile children to explain the mobility-related difference in parental life satisfaction. Intergenerational mobility in education represents a potentially relevant and “new” category of social inequality in old age, as social class in later life may also be affected by the educational capital of adult children. We discuss the need for further studies to understand the role of educational mobility for parental well-being in later life.In vielen europäischen Ländern hat in den letzten Jahrzehnten eine starke Bildungsexpansion stattgefunden. Während das subjektive Wohlbefinden von Bildungsaufsteigerinnen und -aufsteigern bereits intensiv untersucht wurde, ist wenig darüber bekannt, wie intergenerationaler Bildungsaufstieg mit dem Wohlbefinden von geringer gebildeten Eltern zusammenhängt. Anhand multivariater Regressionsmodelle auf Basis des Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) untersuchen wir, ob die Bildungsmobilität der Kinder mit dem Wohlbefinden der Eltern - gemessen an ihrer Lebenszufriedenheit - in Verbindung steht. Zudem analysieren wir, ob Eltern mit niedriger Bildung stärker vom Bildungsaufstieg ihrer Kinder profitieren als Eltern mit mittlerer Bildung und welche Mechanismen diesen Zusammenhang erklären könnten. Eltern mit aufwärtsmobilen Kindern berichteten eine höhere Lebenszufriedenheit als Eltern mit nicht-mobilen oder abwärtsmobilen Kindern. Der Effekt war bei Eltern mit niedriger Bildung etwas ausgeprägter als bei Eltern mit mittlerer Bildung. Zudem verstärkte sich der positive Zusammenhang mit der Lebenszufriedenheit, wenn Eltern mehr als ein Kind mit höherer Bildung hatten. Die zugrunde liegenden Mechanismen dieses Zusammenhangs konnten nicht vollständig identifiziert werden. Emotionale Nähe, finanzielle Unterstützung und praktische Hilfe durch Kinder standen zwar generell in Verbindung mit der elterlichen Lebenszufriedenheit, unterschieden sich jedoch nicht ausreichend zwischen Eltern mit und ohne aufwärtsmobile Kinder, um die mobilitätsbezogenen Unterschiede in der Lebenszufriedenheit vollständig zu erklären. Intergenerationale Bildungsmobilität stellt eine potenziell relevante und "neue" Dimension sozialer Ungleichheit im Alter dar, da die Lebenslage im späteren Leben auch vom Bildungskapital der erwachsenen Kinder beeinflusst werden kann. Unsere Ergebnisse unterstreichen die Notwendigkeit weiterer Forschung, um die Rolle intergenerationaler Bildungsmobilität für das elterliche Wohlbefinden im höheren Lebensalter besser zu verstehen
Wounds of the past, screens of the present: how childhood adversities shape social media behaviours in adulthood
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This paper explores whether individuals that grew up in adverse environments are more likely to engage in harmful use of social media later in life. We rely on the first EU-wide, individual-level survey that comprises information on social media usage time, patterns, motivations, and potential overuse, together with a rich set of socio-economic conditions, experiences of loneliness, and traumatic events in childhood of individuals residing in 27 European member states. We find that the presence of close relatives with severe drinking and mental health problems during childhood is positively associated with excessive use of social media in adulthood. Adverse childhood environments have a significant impact on passive overuse of digital platforms, leading to increased neglect of work and family responsibilities. The results also indicate interesting geographical patterns as well as gender and cohort effects, with younger male individuals and those living in Northern and Eastern European countries being particularly affected. Finally, we show that the childhood environment spillovers are, to some extent, mediated by loneliness and social isolation in adulthood. Our findings have significant policy implications since the interplay between the excessive social media use and adverse childhood experiences may jointly undermine individuals’ well-being and cognitive development, representing a pressing public health issue.L82;D91;I12;I31;H
Relative-importance Analysis of Material and Social Deprivation Across European Countries
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We investigate the relative importance of the socioeconomic characteristics of households associated with the risk of material and social deprivation. The methodology is based on sequential R decomposition and cluster analysis approaches, applied to 27 European countries in 2023. Household data come from the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions survey. Our analysis of relative importance reveals that household disposable income accounts for approximately 20% of the variance in deprivation on average, meaning that the remaining 80% of the variability is explained by non-monetary factors. Among the key non-monetary factors, we identify household composition, education, and age. Finally, our cluster analysis suggests that while the Nordic welfare regime is relatively effective in reducing material and social deprivation, further efforts are needed across the rest of Europe. Governments should take the relative importance analysis into account when considering potential measures to decrease the number of factors associated with the risk of deprivation. This latter suggests the need for integrated interventions, encompassing housing, care services, education, and labor market participation
Blacksmith’s house, wooden knives: why do legacy firms succeed in promoting digital outcomes but struggle with the digital transformation of their existing business models?
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Although research recognizes that legacy firms struggle with digital transformation, frequently abandoning initiatives, the underlying mechanisms remain a black box. To tackle this issue, we adopt an Attention-based view lens and follow a multiple case study design with five Brazilian legacy firms as a methodological approach. We draw evidence from longitudinal data spanning six years (2016–2021), triangulating archival data from the companies’ annual reports with their websites and formal and informal interviews. Our findings reveal the interplay between attention shortsightedness, resulting in temporal myopia, and the mechanisms that we call the ‘spinning the slots’ for DT and ‘trendy decision-making’ to explain the procedural inconsistency. Therefore, we contribute to DT literature in several ways. First, we expand the DT literature by uncovering strategy-making mechanisms underlying legacy firms’ struggle with DT. Second, we challenge the overall positive vision of DT as an enabler of more rational strategic decision-making. We discuss that ambiguity and attention conflicts can lead to silos of garbage can decision-making, where DT can be a result of chance rather than increased rational decisions.L20;M1
Populism and the liberal international order: An analysis of UN voting patterns
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Populism is often assumed to undermine the liberal world order, but this claim has never been tested systematically. In this study, we do so for the first time. Based on an understanding of populism as a “thin-centered ideology” entailing anti-elitism and people-centrism, we expect populist governments to have foreign policy preferences opposed to the core features of the US-led liberal international order. Our empirical analysis assesses government preferences on the liberal international order as expressed through UN General Assembly votes. Our findings support the expectation that populism has a strong and statistically significant negative impact on foreign policy preferences related to the core norms of the liberal international order. Moreover, we find that populists with a left-wing ideology and those in less democratic countries tend to be more opposed to the US-led liberal international order. However, populist governments do not reject the UNGA as such, as they are not more likely to be absent from UNGA votes than other states. Thereby, this study makes a contribution both to the burgeoning literature on the international implications of populism and to debates on the crisis of the liberal order.F50;F53;F5
How negative institutional power moderates contestation: Explaining dissatisfied powers’ strategies towards international institutions
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International institutions are increasingly under attack from their member states, who embark on varying and sometimes escalating modes of contestation. At the same time, states’ negative institutional power, i.e. their opportunities to avoid undesired outcomes in international institutions, has been declining for some time. This paper claims that dissatisfied states’ negative institutional power endowments are key to understanding their varying contestation modes: the more limited (extensive) the negative institutional power of dissatisfied states in an institution, the more radical (moderate) modes of institutional contestation they will choose. We argue that, all else equal, states’ (1) inside options to prevent undesired outcomes within the institution and (2) their outside options to evade undesired outcomes by leaving the institution jointly condition whether they choose a strategy of voice , subversion , exit , or rollback to contest the dissatisfying institution. We assess the plausibility of our Negative Institutional Power Theory (NIPT) by means of four detailed case studies of the Trump Administration’s contestation of the World Bank, the World Trade Organization, the Paris Agreement, and the Iran Nuclear Deal. We demonstrate the generalizability of our arguments by assessing our claims across eight additional instances of other dissatisfied powers’ contesting different international institutions. The twelve case studies demonstrate that negative power matters for states’ choice of institutional contestation modes. Our findings suggest that whether, in the future, international institutions will be increasingly challenged from within and outside, can be influenced by reforms that grant (or deny) states negative institutional power.F02;F13;F18;F33;F34;F51;F53;F5
Conceptualising the Socio-material Context: An Ethical Enquiry into the Contextual Materialisation of Paradoxes in Transport Logistics
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We propose a conceptualisation of the socio-material context of paradox theory by empirically investigating multilevel paradoxes arising in the context of professional drivers and advanced driver assistance systems. Truck and bus drivers face complex work environments, external pressures, and fluctuating stress levels, which result in tensions with ethical implications that extend their immediate work and organisational settings. Whilst the quantum approach to paradox theory emphasises the relevance of individuals’ socio-material contexts in shaping their experiences of paradoxes (i.e. salience), its conceptualisation has remained abstract. Based on interviews with truck drivers, bus drivers, and managers of German logistics companies, we identified latent nested paradoxes at individual, organisational, and systemic levels, which become salient depending on variations in socio-material contexts. These socio-material contexts comprise social (e.g. personal values, prior experience), technical (e.g. work routines, technological artefacts), and external environmental factors (e.g. regulatory frameworks, societal perceptions). Synthesising socio-technical systems theory and paradox theory, we conceptualised the socio-material context as a dynamic interplay between social, technical, and environmental elements, offering a nuanced understanding of the conditions under which latent tensions can become salient and persistent. This operationalisation of the socio-material context further provides leverage to the potential mitigation of paradoxical salience. From a multilevel perspective, we shed light on the system-wide complexity of paradoxical tensions in the transport logistics sector. Our research highlights theoretical, ethical, and sustainability implications of understanding and reshaping the features of the socio-material context to address sustainability paradoxes and moral dilemmas and contribute to improved social sustainability in transport logistics
The long-term impacts of breastfeeding on educational attainment of adults
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Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, we examine the impact of breastfeeding on the likelihood of obtaining a college degree and attending graduate school. Using a doubly robust estimation technique, we find that having been breastfed is linked to an increased probability of obtaining a college degree, but its association with graduate school attendance is largely insignificant. The effect on college degree attainment is primarily concentrated among males, blacks, and whites. Investigating potential mechanisms, we find evidence that part of these effects is operating through the impact of breastfeeding on adolescents’ cognitive ability.I12;I23;J15;I18;C2
Biased recommendations and differentially informed consumers
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We consider a monopolist selling a product to differentially informed consumers: some consumers are uncertain about their tastes, whereas other consumers are perfectly informed. The monopolist sets a uniform price and can make personalized product recommendations. We characterize conditions under which the monopolist biases its recommendations—that is, some consumers with values below the marginal cost follow the recommendation to buy the product or some consumers with values above the marginal cost follow the recommendation not to buy the product.L12;L15;D21;D42;M3
Real-World Health and Economic Effects of a Large-Scale Outpatient Screening and Continuing Care Programme for Early Detection and Care of Microvascular Complications in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Implemented in Routine Care Across Germany: A Quasi-Experimental Study Using Health Insurance Claims Data
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Aim
The aim of this study was to analyse the real-world health and economic effect of an outpatient screening and continuing-care programme for early detection and care of microvascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) delivered through a selective contract between a large statutory health insurance company and ambulatory care physicians in the German health care system.
Methods
Building on methods of target trial emulation and programme impact evaluation, we used a quasi-experimental approach and health insurance claims data from 790,375 patients with T2D over a time horizon of 5.75 years. We applied a two-stage matching approach in which we exploited the staggered implementation of the selective contract across federal states in Germany to control for selection bias at the physician level and used propensity scores to control for selection bias at the patient level, where we considered socio-demographic, health consciousness-related, care-related, and comorbidity-related potential confounders in the matching process.
Results
Within a matched sample of 16,490 patients, over 1 year, enrolment into the programme increased the number of visits to primary care physicians (relative risk [RR]: 1.09, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.07, 1.10), increased the frequency of prescriptions for sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors (RR: 1.30, 95% CI 1.12, 1.50) and for statins (RR: 1.08, 95% CI 1.03, 1.13) and decreased the risk of hospitalisations (RR: 0.88, 95% CI 0.84, 0.92). Outpatient costs in the enrolled patients were on average 14% (cost ratio: 1.14, 95% CI 1.09, 1.20) or €194.4 higher, but overall, the programme was budget neutral over a time horizon of 1 year.
Conclusion
Investing in secondary prevention to detect and manage the early stages of microvascular complications is likely a cost-effective or cost-saving approach to improve health in patients with T2D