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Large-scale environmental DNA survey reveals niche axes of a regional coastal fish community
No full text大規模環境DNA調査から沿岸魚分布を決める要因を探る --魚類相を形成する複雑な海流の働きが明らかに--. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2026-02-18.The concept of the ecological niche, defined as the basic habitat requirements for a species, is central to understanding species geographic distributions and predicting their responses to environmental change. However, identifying the essential niche for large regional communities remains a challenge because niche axes can be “hidden” by the complexity of the underlying ecological processes. Here, applying advanced species distribution modelling to nationwide environmental DNA survey data, we identified hidden niche axes of the Japanese coastal fish community and investigated the response diversity to these axes. Our survey detected 1,220 coastal fish species. The hidden niche axes collectively explained most of the variation in fish biodiversity and revealed five biogeographic boundaries for the regional community. These niches of the Japanese fish community may primarily relate to several processes due to ocean currents, such as environmental filters, transport from source areas and dispersal barriers. We also found that the response diversity to niche axes was positively correlated with species richness, although local communities with particularly high response diversity were geographically biased. A better understanding of the niche axes of the regional ecological community should help to mitigate the loss of biodiversity and ecosystem services caused by ongoing environmental change
TRIOリン酸化Y2681を標的としたモノクローナル抗体による大腸がん術後予後予測
No full text京都大学新制・課程博士博士(医学)甲第26396号医博第5239号京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻(主査)教授 羽賀 博典, 教授 中島 貴子, 教授 金子 新学位規則第4条第1項該当Doctor of Medical ScienceKyoto UniversityDFA
ゲル線量計を用いたホウ素中性子捕捉療法の被ばく線量評価に関する研究
No full text京都大学新制・課程博士博士(工学)甲第26406号工博第5450号京都大学大学院工学研究科原子核工学専攻(主査)准教授 櫻井 良憲, 教授 佐々木 隆之, 准教授 土田 秀次学位規則第4条第1項該当Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering)Kyoto UniversityDFA
Planar cell polarity emerges through polarized accumulation of Wnt11
No full text細胞の方向性はどのように揃えられるのか？ --従来の濃度勾配説を覆すメカニズムを発見--. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2026-03-04.Planar cell polarity (PCP) is established by asymmetric localization of core PCP components in each cell. Because some Wnt proteins can induce PCP in vertebrates, it has been proposed that Wnt concentration gradients provide spatial cues for polarization. However, here, we present evidence that Wnt11 can regulate PCP in a gradient-independent manner. In the neural plate of Xenopus embryos, endogenous Wnt11 does not form an obvious gradient in the direction of PCP, but is polarized at cell boundaries together with core PCP components. Wnt11 polarization is dependent on core PCP components, while polarization of core PCP components can also be induced by Wnt11, indicating a mutual amplification loop between Wnt11 and core PCP components in PCP formation. Furthermore, Wnt11 and core PCP components compose an intercellular loop to coordinate the direction of polarity. Thus, we propose that local and reciprocal interactions between Wnt11 and core PCP components can generate PCP
Generation and transcriptome profiling of bonobo induced pluripotent stem cells using stealth RNA vectors: a tripartite comparative study with humans and chimpanzees
No full textボノボ（大型類人猿）とテナガザル（小型類人猿）のiPS細胞と脚腕の元になる細胞の作製に成功 --霊長類発生進化学・生物多様性保全・動物園獣医学の統合推進に貢献--. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2026-02-20.Bonobos (Pan paniscus), which share a close evolutionary lineage with chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and humans, offer vital insights into the genetic and developmental propensities underlying human evolution. In this study, we established nine integration-free bonobo induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines from cryopreserved peripheral blood mononuclear cells using Sendai virus-derived RNA vectors. These iPSCs exhibited key pluripotency gene expression, normal karyotypes, and the capacity for differentiation into neural, mesodermal, and endodermal lineages, including the first successful induction of limb bud mesoderm cells from great ape iPSCs. Comprehensive transcriptome comparisons among bonobo, chimpanzee, and human iPSCs uncovered significant gene expression and retrotransposon divergence between Homo and Pan species, while highlighting minimal differences between bonobos and chimpanzees. Nevertheless, variation in the expression of mitochondrial metabolism-related genes was observed between the Pan species, suggesting potential interspecies differences in metabolic activity. This work provides a valuable platform for investigating the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying species-specific developmental traits in closely related hominids and sheds light on the evolutionary origins of human characteristics
Association of knee extension deficit and lumbar kyphosis with functional impairments in patients with knee osteoarthritis: The Nagahama study
No full textBackground: The knee extension deficit is known to occur with an increase in lumbar kyphosis. This study aimed to determine the association of knee extension deficit and lumbar kyphosis with knee symptoms and functional activities in patients with Knee Osteoarthritis (KOA). Methods: Four hundred forty-eight participants aged 60 or over with radiographic KOA, all local community residents, were included in the analysis. The Knee Scoring System (KSS) was used to assess the functional abilities and symptoms. The knee extension angle was measured using a goniometer, and the lumbar spine angle was measured using Spinal Mouse, which is a noninvasive skin surface device. The associations between KSS symptoms or function scores with the presence or absence of knee extension deficit and lumbar kyphosis was evaluated using the multiple regression analysis. Another multiple regression analysis was conducted to clarify the effect of the coexisting knee extension deficit and lumbar kyphosis on KSS scores. Results: The presence of knee extension deficit (β = -2.67; 95 % confidence interval [95 % CI]: -5.08, -0.27; p = 0.03) and lumbar kyphosis (β = -6.15; 95 % CI: -9.44, -2.86; p < 0.01) were associated with the KSS function score. Furthermore, the coexisting knee extension deficit and lumbar kyphosis significantly decreased the KSS function score (β = -10.24; 95 % CI: -15.1, -5.37; p < 0.01). However, the interaction between knee extension deficit and lumbar kyphosis was not statistically significant (p = 0.25). The KSS symptom score was not associated with knee extension deficit or lumbar kyphosis in either analysis. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that the coexisting knee extension deficit and lumbar kyphosis are an adverse clinical indicator associated with functional impairments in patients with KOA. Study design: Retrospective clinical study
Comprehensive Colorectal Cancer Stem Cell Transcriptomic Signatures That Can Predict Patient Prognostic Outcomes
No full text大腸がん幹細胞包括的トランスクリプトーム --患者の予後を予測できるシグネチュア-- . 京都大学プレスリリース. 2025-12-19.Subtyping colorectal cancer. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2025-12-19.Based on mRNA Expression Profiles of 57 Patient-Derived Colorectal Cancer Stem-Like Cell (CRC-SC) Lines Compared With Normal Colonic Epithelial Stem-Like Cells (NCE-SCs), we Identified Five CRC Subtypes. The First Subtype of CRC-SCs Showed Markedly Increased Expression of MUC12, PIGR, PLA2G2A, SLC4A4, and ZG16, Which Were Barely Detectable in the Other Subtypes. Importantly, Their Expression Correlated With Favorable Outcomes in Both the Discovery Cohort and Independent Two Test Cohorts From Public Databases. The Remaining Four Subtypes Showed High Expression of DEFA6, BST2, MAGEA6, or IGF2 Compared With NCE-SCs. Although the Expression of Each Gene Individually Influenced Patient Outcomes, Additional Co-Expressed Genes Within Each Subtype Were Also Associated With Prognosis. Furthermore, Integrating the Five Subtype-Specific Signatures Produced a Practical Prognostic Indicator, Designated as the General Colorectal Cancer Signature (GCS), and Provided Individualized Predictive Signatures for Each Patient. The Clinical Significance of GCS Was Further Validated in a Novel Orthotopic Xenograft Mouse Model, Which Recapitulated Patient Outcomes: CRC-SCs With Low GCS Scores Developed Distinct Liver and Lung Metastases, Whereas Those With High Scores Did Not. Apparent Associations Were Observed Between Activating RAS/RAF Mutations and BST2 Expression, and Between the Absence of SMAD4 Mutation and IGF2 Expression, but These Had no Significant Impact on Patient Survival, Suggesting That Driver Gene Mutations May Not Directly Influence GCS. Collectively, Our Findings Provide a Comprehensive Overview of Clinically Relevant Molecular Subtypes of CRC-SCs, Representing the Current Landscape of CRC Molecular Expression Subtypes. They Also Enable Rapid, Low-Cost Outcome Prediction and Suggest Potential Targets for Therapeutics Development
京大広報 No. 786
No full text新しい年を迎えて/ 総長 湊 長博 [6256]国際卓越研究大学の認定候補に選定 [6260]第20回京都大学ホームカミングデイ2025を開催 [6261]留学生イベント「Meet the Senpai: Stories Beyond KyotoU」を開催 [6263]令和7年度「STEM.girl --中高生のための理系女子 mixer-- 」を実施 [6264]生理用品設置支援事業を開始 [6266]令和7年度「人権に関する研修会」を開催 [6266]定年退職予定教員 [6267]フィールド科学教育研究センターが、京都情報大学院大学および京都コンピュータ学院と連携協定を締結 [6271]宇治キャンパス若手研究者交流会を開催 [6272]AI時代の企業と大学/ 小島 啓二 [6274]点滴穿石 共創 多くの仲間と共に/ 名誉教授 橋田 充 [6275]先達の知見/ 樋口 裕美子 [6276]野田 進 高等研究院副院長・特別教授がランク賞を受賞 [6277]川合康三 名誉教授が日本学士院会員に選定 [6277]学部生の研究チーム「iGEM Kyoto」が合成生物学の国際大会iGEMで金賞を受賞 [6278]令和7年度総長杯ボウリング大会を開催 [6278