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Reconsidering the Concept of Judgment in Clinical Pedagogy: An Ecological Inquiry into Unassumability and the Continuity of Educational Practice
No full text本文ファイルを差し替え（2026-01-27）本稿は、臨床教育学の視座から、教育実践における判断概念を再構築することを目的とする。判断を合理的選択や責任の完結的引き受けとして捉える枠組みを相対化し、最終的正当化が回収不能な状況、すなわち「引き受け不可能性」の下でなお実践が継続される条件を理論的に検討する。まず、意思決定・評価・省察との区別を踏まえつつ、判断を一回的な行為ではなく、関与が再構成され続けるプロセスとして再定位する。ついで、意識化（conscientização）を解放の手順としてではなく、閉じを攪乱し応答を持続させる契機として再定位する。以上を踏まえ、判断を制度的規範、関係性、物質的・技術的条件、時間性の相互作用の中で生成・継続する「生態学的判断」として定義し、判断を正当化の獲得ではなく、実践を次へ接続するための再構成として捉える概念枠組みを提示する。This paper reconsiders the concept of judgment from the perspective of clinical pedagogy by examining how educational practice continues under conditions in which responsibility cannot be conclusively assumed. Rather than treating judgment as a discrete act of rational choice or a finalised attribution of responsibility, the paper repositions judgment as an ongoing process through which engagement is continuously reconfigured. It distinguishes judgment from related notions such as decision-making, evaluation, and reflection, and conceptualises “unassumability” as a critical limit where ultimate justification remains unattainable without collapsing into irresponsibility or withdrawal. Drawing on the horizon of Freirean conscientisation (conscientização) without applying it as a programmatic method, the paper redefines conscientisation as an ecological orientation that disturbs closure and sustains ethical responsiveness. On this basis, it proposes a framework of “ecological judgment”, defined as the process through which judgment emerges and persists within the interaction of institutional norms, relational dynamics, material and technical conditions, and temporality. The paper thus offers a theoretical account of judgment not as the achievement of closure through justification, but as the continuous reconfiguration of engagement that enables the continuity of educational practice under unassumability
Magnetic field of solar prominences obtained from spectropolarimetric observations in He i 10830 Å
No full textThe magnetic field of solar prominences is an important quantity that determines their structures and energy balance. Some studies have estimated the magnetic field by spectropolarimetric observations, but the field direction and strength of prominences are discrepant among the studies. In this study, we performed spectropolarimetric observations of nine prominences on the solar limb including both quiescent and active region prominences in He i 10830Å. Using the HAZEL inversion code, magnetic fields of each prominence were derived. In general, the inversion allows both quasi-horizontal and quasi-vertical solutions due to the Van Bleck ambiguity. We introduce an RGB χ² diagnostic map, which visualizes the spatial distribution of the likelihood of the solution and helps to identify regions where inversion degeneracy occurs. Regardless of the ambiguity, it is found that the field strengths of the quiescent prominences are less than 40G, which is consistent with previous studies, while the field strengths of the active region prominences are less than 120G, which is inconsistent with some of the previous studies which estimated field strengths of on-disk active region filaments as 600–800G. Our results support the statement by Díaz Baso et al. (2016, ApJ, 822, 50) that such strong signal is not attributed to the filament itself. One of our quiescent prominence is identical with the filament subsequently observed by Yamasaki et al. (2023, PASJ, 75, 660), and from the consistency of two results, we could determine a unique solution that is a quasi-horizontal magnetic configuration
Chinese learners’ choices and pragmatic awareness of Japanese formality: an intercultural perspective
No full textChinese nationals constitute the largest foreign community in Japan. To better understand how Chinese learners of Japanese (CLJs) make choices regarding formal forms – an essential communicative skill – this study examines the formality choices of eleven CLJs and the pragmatic awareness underlying their choices from an intercultural perspective through a bottom-up approach. A multiple-choice discourse completion task (MDCT) comprising 64 scenarios was developed, each presenting three semantically equivalent responses differing in formality level. Five recurrent patterns of divergence from Japanese native speakers (JNSs) were observed: CLJs tended to select more formal expressions when imposing a high burden on others and less formal expressions in (1) familiar, hierarchical relationships, (2) when offering benefits, (3) interactions with unfamiliar, equal-status interlocutors, and (4) situations involving infringements of personal interests. Thematic analysis of concurrent think-aloud protocols and post-test interviews revealed three dimensions of their pragmatic awareness: (1) intercultural understandings of Japanese language and culture, (2) learners’ identity and agency, and (3) perceived personality. These findings highlight how CLJs’ formal form choices and pragmatic awareness can be understood through an intercultural lens, offering pedagogical implications for empowering learners as agentive and legitimate language users and promoting mutual understanding between CLJs and JNSs.中国籍人士构成了日本规模最大的外国人群体。为更好地理解中国日语学习者在正式体使用方面的选择这一在日语交流中至关重要的能力, 本研究从跨文化视角出发, 采用自下而上的研究方法, 考察了11名中国日语学习者的正式体选择及其背后的语用意识。本研究开发了一项包含64个情境的多项选择话语填充测试, 每个情境均有三个在语义上等价但正式程度不同的应答选项。研究发现了五种与日语母语者使用倾向不同且反复出现的模式: 在给他人施加较大负担的情境中, 中国日语学习者倾向于选择更为正式的表达；而在以下情境中则倾向于选择较低正式程度的表达: (1)熟悉但具有等级差异的关系中, (2) 提供利益或帮助时, (3) 与陌生但地位相当的交谈对象互动时, (4) 涉及个人利益被侵犯的情境中。对有声思维法及事后访谈的主题分析揭示了中国学习者语用意识的三个维度: (1) 对日语语言与文化的跨文化理解, (2) 学习者的身份认同与能动性, (3)学习者对自身个性特征的主观认识。研究结果表明, 中国学习者的正式体选择及其语用意识可通过跨文化视角加以理解。在此基础上, 本研究为日语教育中赋权学习者作为具有能动性与正当性的语言使用者提供了启示, 同时也有助于促进中国日语学习者与日语母语者之间的相互理解
Abiotic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons originating from the sub-oceanic mantle
No full text海洋下のマントルに由来する岩石中に有機物を発見 --上部マントル中での生物が関与しない有機物合成の証拠-- . 京都大学プレスリリース. 2026-01-16.Experimental studies have demonstrated that petroleum may form from abiotic organic compounds synthesised in the Earth's upper mantle. However, the most direct evidence of mantle-derived organics, as obtained from whole-rock analyses, indicates ambiguous origins. Although inclusions containing organic matter have been reported in minerals from kimberlite pipes, such occurrences have not previously been documented in mantle xenoliths derived from the sub-oceanic upper mantle, which represent the predominant lithology of the Earth's upper mantle. In this study, we identified polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)-bearing melt inclusions within a spinel-bearing unaltered harzburgite xenolith from Tahiti Island. The inclusions consisted of platinum-group minerals, base metal sulphides, silicate glass, and C–O–H phases. Our comprehensive sub-micrometre-scale analyses revealed the presence of PAHs in the C–O–H phases. These PAHs contained few functional groups or aliphatic chains and coexisted with CO and CO₂. They likely formed under reducing conditions in deeper regions of the upper mantle without serpentinisation. Our findings demonstrate abiotic organic matter formation in the sub-oceanic mantle and suggest widespread abiotic organic synthesis in the sub-oceanic mantle
Resonant phonon-induced magnetic domain dynamics as Néel temperature is approached in nickel oxide
No full textWe investigated the temperature dependence and mode sensitivity of antiferromagnetic (AFM) domain dynamics in nickel oxide (NiO) by time-resolved imaging of phonon-mediated changes over the temperature range from ∼300 K to ∼523 K. Resonant second-order transverse optical (2TO) and longitudinal optical (LO) phonon excitations were conducted using a mid-infrared free-electron laser. The AFM domain images were recorded using magneto-optical linear birefringence microscopy. Our experiments revealed distinct domain reconfigurations: resonant 2TO phonon excitation induced domain changes that persisted on the millisecond timescale (1.05 ± 0.03 ms) with thermally retarded recovery, whereas LO phonon excitation produced rapid microsecond recovery (80.3 ± 25.4 μs), accelerating with increasing temperature. These contrasting responses reflect mode-specific spin-phonon coupling conditions in NiO, indicating that temperature-dependent domain reconfiguration is governed by slower energy redistribution processes that extend beyond solely phonon relaxations
Reading frequency and Kawaii-Related Oshikatsu: Positive correlations with gray matter volume in Indoor lifestyles
No full textReading and kawaii-related oshikatsu (fan support activities) are among the most widely enjoyed hobbies. Previous studies have shown that gray matter volume (GMV) of the insular cortex is associated with the degree of alexithymia, which is linked to reduced mentalizing ability and motivation, and that inter- and intra-insular networks are related to reading. Similarly, studies suggest that by stimulating motivations for protection and caregiving, the insula—associated with empathy and reward processing—plays a role in responses to infants and other kawaii objects (i.e., objects perceived as cute). Building on this evidence, it is meaningful to investigate the neural basis of reading and kawaii-related oshikatsu within the insular cortex and to clarify its relationship with brain structure from a cognitive neuroscience perspective. Therefore, the present study tested the relationship using a sample of 82 healthy adults (52 men, 30 women) aged 22 to 65 years, controlling for demographic variables. A hierarchical multiple regression analysis using insular GMV as the dependent variable revealed significant positive associations with both reading frequency and kawaii-related oshikatsu. The finding suggests that these activities are not merely cognitive functions but are closely linked to social-cognitive processes essential for human survival, such as emotional processing, mentalizing, and nurturing behavior
Lipopeptide ligands captured by MHC class I molecules undergo dynamic conformational changes that affect their antigenic strength
No full textA fraction of the major histocompatibility complex class I proteins can bind -myristoylated short lipopeptides rather than conventional long peptides. The molecular mechanisms underlying lipopeptide antigen presentation were recently delineated for -myristoylated 4-mer lipopeptides (C14-Gly1-Gly2-Ala3-Ile4; C14nef4) derived from the retroviral Nef protein. The C14nef4 lipopeptides are captured by the rhesus major histocompatibility complex class I allomorph, Mamu-B∗05104, and recognized by specific αβ T-cell receptors (TCRs). The crystal structure of the Mamu-B∗05104-C14nef4-TCR complex indicates that both ends of C14nef4, namely, myristic acid and C-terminal Ile4, are anchored at the antigen-binding groove, leaving Gly1, Gly2, and Ala3 exposed. Among these residues, only the amide bond of Gly1 forms a hydrogen bond with TCRs and serves as a primary T-cell epitope. However, it remains unclear how antigenic and nonantigenic lipopeptides exist, both of which share the primary T-cell epitope. To gain insight into this enigma, we utilized C14nef4 and its analogs with an amino acid substitution for Ala3. Biolayer interferometry experiments with immobilized TCRs and lipopeptide-bound Mamu-B∗05104 indicated that the antigenic strength varied among these lipopeptides. The crystal structures of Mamu-B∗05104 complexed with either C14nef4 or each of its five analogs showed a downward shift in the proximal part (C₁-C₄ carbons) of the hydrocarbon chain and the linked Gly1 residue for poorly antigenic analogs. Furthermore, molecular dynamics simulations indicated that lipopeptide ligands alter their conformation dynamically, with differential efficiency in exposing Gly1 externally. Thus, the antigenic strength of lipopeptides is affected by their intrinsic ability to sustain a T-cell epitope-exposed configuration
Sequential KDE-guided zero-shot regression under process changes across materials
No full textThis study presents a zero-shot regression framework that enables product quality prediction for a target process-material combination with no operating history. The framework facilitates scale-up and line transfer while minimizing experimental effort. A kernel density estimator sequentially selects source-process samples whose material features and product quality are similar to those on the target process, so that only relevant source data are reused. For each selected source-process sample, we predict operating conditions on the target process that would realize the same product quality for the same material, assuming that the material properties and product quality remain the same across processes. We then build a prediction model on a combined dataset consisting of the observed target-process samples and the selected source-process samples paired with their predicted target process operating conditions. A case study with two processes and seven materials demonstrates that the proposed method achieved consistent prediction accuracy; the median root mean squared error between prediction and measurement was 0.066 when using only target-process samples, 0.086 when combining target- and source-process samples without sample selection, and 0.055 with the proposed framework. The framework can successfully predict the behavior of new materials on the target process without additional experiments while suppressing negative transfer by automatically selecting and reusing existing data
Influence of Zn²⁺ and S²⁻ on the Formation of CsPbBr3 Nanocrystals in Fluorophosphate Glass
No full textThis work validated a two-step formation mechanism of CsPbBr3 perovskite nanocrystals in glass, consisting of a phase separation and subsequent phase transition towards the nanocrystal formation. Further adjustment over the kinetics of the two processes was achieved by the incorporation of Zn²⁺ and S²⁻, leading to improved optical performance
Long-term outcomes of cochlear implants in patients over 65: Hearing thresholds remain stable, but speech perception declines with age
No full text: This study aimed to evaluate long-term cochlear implant (CI) outcomes in elderly patients aged ≥65 years, with a particular focus on the impact of implantation age and chronological age at testing on auditory performance. : We conducted a retrospective study of 53 postlingually deafened adults aged ≥65 years at the time of outcome evaluation who underwent unilateral CI at our institute between 1987 and 2019. Patients were divided into two groups according to age at implantation: the Younger-elderly group (<75 years; = 36) and the Older-elderly group (≥75 years; = 17). Postoperative aided thresholds and monosyllabic speech discrimination scores in quiet were collected annually up to 10 years postoperatively. : CI-aided thresholds remained stable over 10 years after implantation and did not differ between groups ( = 0.40). In contrast, speech discrimination scores were significantly poorer in the Older-elderly group compared with the Younger-elderly group ( = 0.020). Regression analyses confirmed that chronological age at testing, but not age at implantation, was a significant predictor of speech outcomes ( < 0.0001). Notably, patients aged ≥80 years exhibited mean CI-aided speech discrimination below 50 %. : CI effectively restored hearing thresholds in elderly patients, independent of implantation age. However, speech perception declined progressively with advancing test age, particularly in those ≥80 years, suggesting that central auditory and cognitive aging are the primary constraints on long-term outcomes. Candidacy criteria should therefore be applied cautiously in this age group, with thorough preoperative counseling to establish realistic expectations