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Health-related quality of life trajectories and loss of independence among community-dwelling older adults
No full textHealth-related quality of life (HRQOL) is a key determinant of loss of independence (LOI) among older adults. However, the relationship between late-life HRQOL trajectory patterns and the risk of LOI remains unclear. This study utilized 5-year longitudinal data from the Sukagawa Study, and group-based trajectory modeling. HRQOL trajectories were analyzed using the mental component scale (MCS) and physical component scale (PCS) from the SF-8. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for LOI or death were calculated using Cox proportional hazards regression. Among 4043 participants (median age 78.8 years, interquartile range [IQR] 75.8-82.5; 56% women), HRQOL change score trajectories were categorized as decline, stable, and increase for MCS (11.7%, 81.0%, 7.2%) and PCS (10.9%, 81.4%, 7.6%). Over a mean follow-up of 66.4 months (IQR 48.0-73.0), LOI or death incidence was 42.5 per 1000 person-years (95% CI 39.8-45.2). Compared to the stable group, MCS decline was associated with higher LOI or death risk (HR 1.51, 95% CI 1.04-2.18), and an increase was associated with lower risk (HR 0.26, 95% CI 0.11-0.57). PCS decline was linked to higher LOI risk (HR 1.66, 95% CI 1.17-2.37), while an increase showed no significant association (HR 1.07, 95% CI 0.61-1.89). Longitudinal HRQOL trajectory is closely related to LOI risk among community-dwelling older adults. A declining trajectory in physical and mental components is strongly associated with higher LOI risk, while an increasing trajectory in the mental component is possibly associated with lower risk
Simulation Study on Multi-Trait Genomic Prediction Using Eigen Decomposition of Genomic Relationship Matrix: A Case Study for Japanese Black Cattle
No full textThe performance of multi-trait genomic prediction was assessed by simulating phenotypic data with the publicly available information on the genomic relationship matrix for 9850 Japanese Black cattle utilizing eigen decomposition. Variance component estimation and genomic breeding value prediction were performed by analyzing simulated phenotypic data of two different traits with four simulation settings of varied heritability (0.1, 0.4, and 0.7), genetic correlation (0.6 and 0.95), and phenotypic correlation (0.4 and 0.8). A total of 1000, 3000, and 5000 animals were selected as training populations. The performance of the algorithm for proven and young was also examined using simulated and real phenotypic data. Core animals were chosen from the 9850 animals to minimize the genetic variance of non-core animals conditional on the core animals using the genomic relationship matrix. Five sets of core animals were provided, and those explaining 25%, 50%, 75%, 90%, and 99% of the genetic variance were first explained. The multi-trait model gave greater prediction accuracy than the single-trait model for both traits, and not only heritability and genetic correlation but phenotypic correlation affected the accuracy in the current settings. Core animals explaining 90% and 99% variance could yield results similar to those obtained by using the original genomic relationship matrix
Alcohol consumption, smoking, and the implications of their cessations for field carcinogenesis in the esophagus: a 10-year prospective cohort study
No full text飲酒・喫煙の両方をやめることで内視鏡治療後の食道に新たながんが発生するリスクを大幅に低減することを明らかにしました（JEC試験） --食道がん内視鏡的切除後の患者さん330人を10年以上追跡した多施設共同研究--. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2026-02-12.Background: Alcohol and tobacco are established carcinogens, which promote field carcinogenesis for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). This study aimed to evaluate the long-term effects of alcohol and tobacco cessations, and background mucosal status, on risk for metachronous ESCC (mESCC) after endoscopic resection (ER). Methods: This was a multicentre prospective cohort study of patients with intramucosal ESCC treated by ER. All participants received structured education on cessation, and underwent regular endoscopic surveillance. Patients were stratified by Lugol-voiding lesion (LVL) grade (A: none, B: 1–9, C: ≥10). The impacts of alcohol and smoking cessation on field carcinogenesis were assessed. Findings: Among 331 enrolled patients, the median follow-up was 120 months (range: 1.3–176.9). The cumulative incidences of mESCC were 10.4%, 27.2%, and 61.8% in grades A, B, and C, respectively. An increment of 1 unit (22 g ethanol) of alcohol consumption and higher LVL grade independently increased the risk for mESCC. Alcohol or smoking cessation reduced this risk (hazard ratio [HR] 0.52, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.31–0.88; HR 0.44, 95% CI: 0.25–0.78, respectively), and combined cessation had the greatest impact (HR 0.21, 95% CI: 0.07–0.65). Complete cessation, rather than partial reduction, was necessary to achieve meaningful risk reduction. Interpretation: Alcohol and tobacco exposure, and a large number of LVL, are major determinants of mESCC. Complete cessation markedly reduces risk, underscoring the importance of behavioural interventions for secondary prevention of field carcinogenesis after ER. Funding: National Cancer Center Research and Development Fund 36, Japan
STAT1を介したLIN28Aのエピジェネティック制御は、let-7-RALB軸を介してiPS細胞由来血小板産生を制御する
No full text京都大学新制・論文博士博士(医学)乙第13731号論医博第2368号京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻(主査)教授 遊佐 宏介, 教授 渡邊 直樹, 教授 斎藤 通紀学位規則第4条第2項該当Doctor of Medical ScienceKyoto UniversityDFA
Superior Mesenteric Artery during Intestinal Loop Formation and Its Positional Changes from the Extracoelom to the Abdominal Cavity
No full text: Features of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and its intestinal branches during the embryonic and early fetal periods have not been fully described. We aimed to comprehensively elucidate the characteristics of intestinal branch artery formation in the SMA. : Serial tissue sections of seven early fetal specimens belonging to the Blechschmidt collection were digitalized and used for segmentation and reconstruction of the intestinal loop, SMA trunk, intestinal branch arteries, and mesentery for further analysis. : The intestinal branch arteries fed the intestinal tract from the oral side to the anal side, according to the order of their origin from the root to the periphery of the SMA trunk. SMA and intestinal branches were not as strongly conserved in their morphology as indicated in previous research but varied between specimens. Most intestinal branch arteries exhibited frequent branching with small intervals at the periphery, whereas the proximal branch exhibited few branches. Only a few peripheral branches made contact with the neighboring intestinal branch arteries. The fetal intestinal branch artery architecture differed greatly from that of adults. There were considerable inter- and intra-specimen variations in the intestinal tract length per feeding intestinal branch artery. The SMA branching arteries did not always supply each tertiary loop individually, and not every loop is connected to one branching artery. : This study elucidates the characteristics of forming the SMA intestinal branch arteries. Specifically, the findings suggest that the SMA is similar to other arteries in that its branches show a level of variability in feeding tissues
Reticulocalbin1-mediated regulation of calcium homeostasis in naïve T lymphoncytes
No full textReticulocalbin1 (RCN1), a calcium-binding protein localized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), is implicated in cancer progression, but its role in the immune system remains poorly understood. To clarify the function of RCN1, we generated a RCN1-deficient (1⁻ᐟ⁻) mice using CRISPR-Cas9 system. Immunological characterization by flow cytometry revealed that while T cell populations in the spleen were unaffected, the proportion of CD8 single-positive (SP) thymocytes was significantly reduced in 1⁻ᐟ⁻ mice. In contrast, stimulation of splenic CD8⁺ T cells revealed no significant differences in the expression of cell surface activation markers or cytokines between 1⁺ᐟ⁺ and 1⁻ᐟ⁻ mice. Functional analysis showed that at baseline, cytosolic calcium levels were significantly higher in 1⁺ᐟ⁺ CD8⁺ T cells. In contrast, stimulus-induced calcium responses, including ER calcium release, extracellular calcium entry, and TCR-dependent calcium flux, were preserved in both genotypes. Collectively, our results suggest that RCN1 contributes to the fine-tuning of ER-associated calcium handling in naïve (non-activated) T cells, thereby modulating basal cytosolic calcium levels and supporting efficient thymic CD8⁺ T cell development