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Compulsory Citizenship Behaviour and Work-family Conflict: The Role of Proactive Personality
No full textThe purpose of this study is to test the factors that impact the effects that compulsory citizenship behaviour (CCB) has on work-family conflict based on the theory of Conservation of Resources. Data were collected from 505 employees in 13 high-tech enterprises in China. It revealed that (1) employees’ compulsory citizenship behaviour is positively related to levels of work-family conflict, (2) work stress mediates the relationship between CCB and work-family conflict, and (3) proactive personality moderates the effects of CCB on employees’ work stress and work-family conflict, with the relationship more positive when proactive personality is high. The study contributes to the CCB literature through its identification of work stress as an important psychological mediation mechanism that amplifies the mechanism through which CCB has an effect on employees. The results provide a deeper understanding of important boundary conditions (in this case proactive personality) that impact the CCB to employee’s work-family conflict relationship. The findings also enrich the proactive personality literature. Paradoxically if organizations attempt to foster citizenship behaviors by selecting people with the sort of proactive personality that might assist citizenship, they end up exacerbating the impact on work stress and work-family conflict. Theoretical and practical implications, limitations and promising avenues for future study are discussed
Non-Representational Theory. By Paul Simpson. Oxon: Routledge. 2021. Xi + 254 pp. £32.99 Paperback. ISBN: 978-1-13855219-7.
No full textOutcomes used in trials regarding the prevention and treatment of orthodontically induced white spot lesions: A scoping review
No full textIntroduction: The objective was to identify and summarize the outcomes and evaluation methods used in clinical trials regarding the prevention and treatment of orthodontically induced white spot lesions (WSLs).Methods: Three electronic databases were searched to identify studies that were: 1) clinical trials on prevention and/or treatment of orthodontically induced WSLs; 2) reported in English; and 3) published between January 2010 and October 2019. At least two authors assessed the eligibility and extracted the characteristics, outcomes and evaluation methods used from included studies. All disagreements were resolved through discussion.Results: Among 1328 studies identified, 51 were eligible and included. A total of 48 different outcomes and 11 different evaluation methods were used in these studies. The most frequently used outcomes were WSLs clinical visual examination scores (n=22, 43.1%), DIAGNOdent values (n=14, 27.5%), fluorescence loss measured with quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLF) (n=10, 19.6%), and lesion area measured with QLF (n=10, 19.6%). The most frequently used evaluation methods were clinical examination (n=25, 49.0%), visual inspection by photographs (n=15, 29.4%), DIAGNOdent (n=14, 27.5%), and QLF (n=10, 19.6%). None of the included studies reported data on quality of life.Conclusion: Substantial outcome heterogeneity exists among studies regarding prevention and treatment of orthodontically induced WSLs. Most of the identified outcomes are aimed to assess morphologic changes of WSLs and may not reflect patient perspectives
Many-objective optimization of sustainable drainage systems in urban areas with different surface slopes
No full textSustainable urban drainage systems are multi-functional nature-based solutions that can facilitate flood management in urban catchments while improving stormwater runoff quality. Traditionally, the evaluation of the performance of sustainable drainage infrastructure has been limited to a narrow set of design objectives to simplify their implementation and decision-making process. In this study, the spatial design of sustainable urban drainage systems is optimized considering five objective functions, including minimization of flood volume, flood duration, average peak runoff, total suspended solids, and capital cost. This allows selecting an ensemble of admissible portfolios that best trade-off capital costs and the other important urban drainage services. The impact of the average surface slope of the urban catchment on the optimal design solutions is discussed in terms of spatial distribution of sustainable drainage types. Results show that different subcatchment slopes result in non- uniform distributional designs of sustainable urban drainage systems, with higher capital costs and larger surface areas of green assets associated with steeper slopes. This has two implications. First, urban areas with different surface slopes should not have a one-size-fits-all design policy. Second, spatial equality must be taken into account when applying optimization models to urban subcatchments with different surface slopes to avoid unequal distribution of environmental and human health co-benefits associated with green drainage infrastructure
Therapeutic support for young people with learning difficulties: what enables effective practice?
No full textSupporting children and young people’s mental health is a central aim of United Kingdom (UK) government policy, with those with learning difficulties a particularly vulnerable group. This systematic review of research uses published literature to explore how access and participation in therapy might be facilitated for young people with learning difficulties. Twelve studies published 2000-2019 were identified, which described the experiences of access to, and participation in therapy for people with learning difficulties, although notably most of these involved adults. Findings indicated eight themes: pre-therapy, careful contracting, therapy is hard, idiosyncratic needs, therapeutic relationship, group therapy, reviewing therapy and it changed my life. These were organised into three chronological stages: setting up of therapy; therapeutic processes and therapeutic outcomes. A number of strategies that can promote access and participation are suggested for professionals working therapeutically with young people with learning difficulties, around contracting, clear communication, the therapeutic alliance, and the ending of therapy
Evolving Pattern Of Fetal Movements Throughout A Healthy Pregnancy
No full textA 31 year old woman with a history of previous stillbirth due to placental abruption at 29 weeks’ gestation and one first trimester miscarriage documented a continuous record of her perceived fetal movements from 28-38 weeks’ gestation. Repeated ultrasound examinations confirmed a viable pregnancy, with normal growth, liquor volume and Doppler profile. She delivered a healthy male infant at 38 weeks and 3 days’ gestation. The data collected give a detailed record of fetal activity in a healthy pregnancy. Perceived fetal activity increased as pregnancy progressed and was greatest in the evenings. We also found that clusters of movements, which have previously been reported as protective against stillbirth, were feltearlier on in pregnancy
A mini-review of graphene based materials for electrodes in electrocardiogram (ECG) sensing
No full textOver the past decade a number of Graphene Based Materials (GBM) have been reported as electrodes for electrocardiogram (ECG) sensing. A wide variety of GBM electrodes have become available, enabling novel electrodes with several degrees of freedom, such as flexibility, strechability, and washability to potentially outperform conventional Silver/Silver Chloride (Ag/AgCl) electrodes. This paper provides a critical analysis of the recent advances in GBM electrodes for monitoring ECG signals. The results show that heart monitoring is possible with GBM electrodes, at the cost of a generally reduced Signal-to-Noise Ratio compared to conventional Ag/AgCl electrodes. The benefit is that the potential for flexible electrodes, and electrodes integrated into textiles for clothing, is greatly enhanced with GBM electrodes. Further work is required on GBM electrodes for motion artefact robustness, sensitivity, biocompatibility, polarization, longevity, and interaction between these factors is still required
Effect of Electric Field Uniformity on Breakdown Mechanisms of Dielectric Liquids under Lightning Impulse
No full textThe electric field uniformity imposes a significant effect on the breakdown mechanisms of dielectric liquids. In general, breakdown is dominated by streamer initiation under uniform field, while it is dominated by streamer propagation under non-uniform field. This paper presents a study on identifying and quantifying the transition field factor boundary, represented by the field enhancement factor ƒ, between the two dominating breakdown mechanisms. The methods for deducing the transition field factor boundary are introduced. The first method from our previous study was developed by measuring and processing both the streamer initiation and breakdown voltages. In this paper, a new method is developed by only processing the breakdown voltage data. Based on the breakdown results reproduced from the literature, the transition field factor boundaries are derived for the mineral oil under both positive and negative lightning impulses. It is found that the negative transition field factor boundary is lower than the positive one. A four-region model is proposed to describe the effect of impulse polarity on breakdown mechanisms of dielectric liquids and to interpret the transition of breakdown mechanisms with respect to the field uniformity
Fast Sparsity-Assisted Signal Decomposition with Non-Convex Enhancement for Bearing Fault Diagnosis
No full textSparsity-assisted signal decomposition based on morphological component analysis (MCA) for bearing fault diagnosis has been studied in depth. However, existing algorithms often use different combinations of representation dictionaries and priors, leading to difficult dictionary choice and high computational complexity. This paper aims to develop a fast sparsity-assisted algorithm to decompose a vibration signal into discrete frequency and impulse components for bearing fault diagnosis. We introduce the morphological discrimination of discrete frequency and impulse components in time and frequency domains respectively for the first time. To use this morphological discrimination, we establish a fast sparsity-assisted signal decomposition (SASD) based on MCA with non-convex enhancement. We further prove the necessary and sufficient condition to guarantee the convexity and use the majorization minimization (MM) algorithm to derive a fast solver. The proposed algorithm not only has low computational complexity, but also avoids choosing multiple dictionaries as well as underestimation of impulse features. Furthermore, an adaptive parameter selection algorithm to set parameters of our algorithm is designed for real applications. The effectiveness of fast SASD and its adaptive variant is verified by both simulation studies and bearing diagnosis cases
Insufficient respiratory hazard identification in the Safety Data Sheets for cleaning and disinfection products used in healthcare organisations across England and Wales
No full textBackground Exposure to cleaning and disinfection products has been associated with respiratory disorders such as asthma in cleaning and healthcare workers. Safety Data Sheets (SDSs) provide information on hazardous chemicals that are present in products to help users with risk assessment and implement appropriate control measures. However, they have potential limitations in identifying respiratory hazards due to a lack of regulatory test methods for respiratory sensitisation and irritation of chemicals.Methods SDSs were first used to identify chemicals on the database as respiratory sensitisers and irritants. A quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) model and an asthmagen list established by the Association of Occupational and Environmental Clinics (AOEC) were used toidentify potential respiratory sensitisers and irritants (by the AOEC list only) in the cleaning and disinfection products.Results From a total of 459 cleaning and disinfection products used in healthcare organisations across England and Wales, 35 respiratory sensitisers not labelled as such on the SDS were identified by QSAR or AOEC. Only 2% of cleaning and disinfection products contained at least one respiratory sensitiser as identified by their SDSs; this was increased to 37.7% of products when the QSAR or theAOEC list was used.Conclusions A significantly higher proportion of cleaning products contain respiratory hazardous chemicals, particularly respiratory sensitisers than would be expected from the information provided by SDSs alone. Cleaners and health care workers may therefore be insufficiently protected