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Troubles With Tubules : How Do Iron-Mineral Chemical Gardens Differ From Iron-Mineralized Sheaths of Iron Oxidizing Bacteria?
No full textMicroscopic tubules and filaments composed of iron minerals occur in various rock types of all ages. Although typically lacking carbonaceous matter, many are reasonably interpreted as the remains of filamentous microorganisms coated with crystalline iron oxyhydroxides. Iron-oxidizing bacteria (IOB) acquire such a coating naturally during life. However, recent debates about purported microfossils have highlighted the potential for self-organized nonbiological mineral growth (particularly in chemical gardens) to form compositionally and morphologically similar tubules. How can biogenic and abiogenic iron-mineral tubules be differentiated? Here, we use optical and electron microscopy and M & ouml;ssbauer spectroscopy to compare the composition, microtexture, and morphology of ferruginous chemical gardens and iron-mineralized sheaths of bacteria in the genus Leptothrix. Despite broad morphological similarity, we find that Leptothrix exhibits a narrower range of filament diameters and lower filament tortuosity than chemical gardens. Chemical gardens produced from a ferrous salt also tend to incorporate Fe2+ whereas Leptothrix sheaths predominantly do not. Finally, the oxyhydroxides formed in Leptothrix sheaths tend to be smoother and denser on the inward-facing side, rougher and sparser on the outward side, whereas for chemical garden tubules the reverse is true. Some of these differences show promise for the diagnosis of natural samples
UNESCO's Proceedings, 1945–2017 : A Bilingual Digital Text Corpus
No full textThe record of the meetings of UNESCO’s General Conference offers a valuable resource for research in the global humanities. We present a digital text corpus, including metadata and supplementary material, that makes the complete record of these meetings from 1946 to 2017 in English and/or French accessible in a machine-readable form that is suitable for digital text analysis. The corpus is stored on Zenodo; relevant code is available on GitHub. The corpus offers reuse potential for scholars interested in any of the countless issues that have been discussed and debated in UNESCO’s General Conference over more than seventy years, as well as to Natural Language Processing (NLP) developers interested in the challenges of language recognition and automated segmentation
Physiological and psychological aspects of fluid therapy in anaesthesia and intensive care medicine
No full textIntravenous fluid administration is commonly used for critically ill and perioperative patients, but increasing attention is being given to its potential negative effects. In these cases, balancing fluid needs for hemodynamic stability with avoiding fluid overload and organ damage is crucial. This thesis aimed to describe fluid administration practices in ICUs and postoperative care units in Sweden, focusing on how clinicians’ approach four key areas. It also sought to highlight the consequences of these practices and encourage clinicians to reconsider routine fluid prescriptions in both intensive care and perioperative settings. In Paper I, a prospective multicentre interventional cross-over study, we investigated if limiting the availability of standard-sized fluid bags of Ringer’s acetate and replacing them with smaller-sized fluid bags would affect the total amount of fluid administered to ICU patients (n=437) and the impact on morbidity or mortality. However, data did not support our hypothesis. Paper II is a retrospective, multicentre study examining fluid types given to ICU patients (n=241) in the post-resuscitation phase. We found that maintenance and drug fluids significantly exceeded resuscitative fluids, with patients receiving more maintenance fluids, drug diluents, and sodium than recommended. Paper III is a post-hoc analysis of Paper II data. We found that plasma urea's share of estimated plasma osmolality increases during fluid volume reduction and with higher osmolality, independent of nitrogen administration and renal function. This shift from ionic osmolytes to urea resembles patterns seen in estivating animals. Paper IV is a single-centre study examining the relationship between ADH levels, fluid administration, and urine output in postoperative major abdominal surgery patients (n=54). We found that elevated ADH levels did not predict urine output or oliguria, but hypotension did. Increased fluid administration did not normalize urine output after oliguria
Search for single-production of vector-like quarks decaying into Wb in the fully hadronic final state in pp collisions at √s = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector
No full textA search for T and Y vector-like quarks produced in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV and decaying into Wb in the fully hadronic final state is presented. The search uses 139 fb−1 of data collected by the ATLAS detector at the LHC from 2015 to 2018. The final state is characterised by a hadronically decaying W boson with large Lorentz boost and a b-tagged jet, which are used to reconstruct the invariant mass of the vector-like quark candidate. The main background is QCD multijet production, which is estimated using a data-driven method. Upon finding no significant excess in data, mass limits at 95% confidence level are obtained as a function of the global coupling parameter, κ. The observed lower limits on the masses of Y quarks with κ = 0.5 and κ = 0.7 are 2.0 TeV and 2.4 TeV, respectively. For T quarks, the observed mass limits are 1.4 TeV for κ = 0.5 and 1.9 TeV for κ = 0.7.For complete list of authors see http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/JHEP02(2025)075</p
Community inclusion in tourism development : young people's social innovation propositions for advancing sustainable tourism
No full textDifferent community groups and members hold varying power positions in tourism development discussions and decision-making. From the sustainable development perspective, tourism planning and management should involve a diversity of voices, including also those with limited political or economic power. This article focuses on relatively little studied young people's views on tourism development. The article uses the concept of social innovation for analysing local youths' needs and propositions for transforming tourism towards sustainability. Empirical data is derived from ethnographic research and a design anthropology-oriented workshop for young adults in Kemi, northern Finland. At the workshop, social innovations were used to imagine alternative futures for local life and the role of tourism in development. The participants co-created three social innovation propositions for enhancing the flow of information regarding tourism, developing activities, liveliness and spaces to hang out, and attracting passing-by visitors. These propositions reflect sustainability transformations that recognise young adults' inclusion in tourism planning, create more inclusive services for locals, and enhance diverse, locally grounded, and socially valuable tourism. Even though the propositions are dependent on existing power structures, they challenge the status quo of tourism planning and development
Postoperative leukopenia after cytoreductive surgery and hypertherm intraperitoneal chemotherapy for colorectal carcinomatosis- causes and implication on outcomes in a population-based study
No full textBackgroundLeukocytes have been reported to have tumor stimulating effects in colorectal cancer, among other malignancies. In line with this, earlier research has shown improved disease-free survival in patients with postoperative neutropenia compared to non-neutropenic patients following cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hypertherm intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC).AimTo evaluate the impact of postoperative leukopenia after CRS and HIPEC on recurrence rate, survival, and risk of complications.MethodsAll CRS and HIPEC-procedures for colorectal adenocarcinoma in the national Swedish HIPEC-registry since 2015 and local registries in Uppsala and Malm & ouml; since 2003 until December 31st, 2021, were included (n = 921). Patients who did not complete a full CRS and HIPEC procedure (n = 99), had incomplete macroscopic cytoreduction (n = 25) or a lack of information on leukocyte count (n = 213) were excluded, resulting in 584 analyzed cases. Primary outcome was overall recurrence rate. Secondary outcomes were overall survival, recurrence-free survival, and perioperative complications.ResultsPostoperative leukopenia was observed in 54 (9.2%) cases of which 32 (5.5%) developed severe leukopenia. No differences in patient characteristics were noted between those with or without leukopenia. There were no differences in 3-year recurrence rate, overall survival or 3-year recurrence-free survival, between the groups. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy treatment, HR 1.32 (95% CI: 1.02-1.71), higher PCI-score, HR 1.50 (95% CI: 1.09-2.05) and higher pN-stage HR 2.52 (95% CI: 1.74-3.65) were associated with higher 3-year recurrence rate. 3-year mortality was associated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy treatment, HR 1.82 (95% CI: 1.06-3.11), severe postoperative complication, HR 2.39 (95% CI: 1.39-4.13) and high PCI-score, HR 2.60 (95% CI: 1.31-5.14). Treatment with combined oxaliplatin/irinotecan, HR 12.34 (95% CI: 4.51-33.74) was associated with developing postoperative leukopenia. Longer operation time, HR 2.30 (95% CI: 1.55-3.42), and severe leukopenia, HR 3.50 (95% CI: 1.25-9.77) were associated with postoperative complication.ConclusionsPostoperative leukopenia did not impact recurrence rate or long-term survival in a statistically significant manner. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy and high PCI-score were associated with both recurrent disease and mortality within 3 years
Identifying transcripts bound by FUBL-1 in C. elegans and the global transcriptomic effects following its knockout
No full textIn many eukaryotic organisms there is an epigenetic system known as RNA interference (RNAi). First discovered in the small nematode Caenorhabditis elegans it has shown to be of great importance in gene regulation. Fundamentally, the system utilises small RNAs as guides for the argonaute (AGO) proteins in the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) to target transcripts for translational inhibition or degradation. The type of small RNA used depends on the AGO. Certain AGOs bind micro (mi)RNAs, such as ALG-1, whilst other AGOs such as PRG-1 bind PIWI-interacting (pi)RNAs and ERGO-1 bind 26 nucleotides long RNAs with a preferred guanosine at the 5’ end (26G-RNAs). Some of these primary argonautes produce RNA fragments following target degradation, which in turn can be used by RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (RdRPs) to generate secondary 22 nucleotides long RNAs with a preferred guanosine at the 5’ end (22G-RNAs) in an amplification process. These are in turn used by the worm specific AGOs (WAGOs) to target the transcripts they were generated from. Through earlier work in the Hinas group, the Far Upstream Element Binding Protein Like 1 (FUBL-1) has drawn attention. It is not only predicted to be an RNA binding protein, but fubl-1 mutants also show phenotypes related to RNAi. Knockout mutants show increased RNAi in generations after initiation as compared to wild type, in a system known as RNAi inheritance. Further, knockout mutants have been shown to have increased expression of ERGO-1 target genes. Visualisation experiments of FUBL-1 have shown that it localises primarily to the nucleus in somatic tissues, but it has not been known whether FUBL-1 is also expressed in the germline. In this report, the aim was not only to uncover the potential germline localisation of FUBL-1, but also to unveil the global effects of a knockout mutant. Further, by characterising potential transcripts bound by FUBL-1, another aim was to discover the potential pathway by which the protein acts. Using fluorescent wide-field microscopy and fluorescent antibodies, I could in this report show that FUBL-1 localises to the nucleus in the germline. Importantly, I also developed a method to grow large amounts of developmentally synchronised worms without starvation, which allowed for immunoprecipitation of FUBL-1 to extract bound transcripts. These could later be identified using next generation sequencing and bioinformatic analyses. By doing this I could present 839 likely targets of FUBL-1. Out of these, the vast majority turned out to be messenger RNAs, but several non-coding RNAs were also identified. Further, I also present data that shows the transcriptomes of fubl-1 knockout mutant and wild type to overall be very similar as only six genes are significantly deregulated. Together, these findings point towards FUBL-1 being a rather general RNA binding protein that acts in redundancy for most genes, except for a few, or that it through splicing causes proteomic changes not detected in this study. Together with earlier data, this work will hopefully be sufficient for a robust hypothesis on the function of FUBL-1.
Characterisation of heritable TP53-related cancer syndrome in Sweden : a nationwide study of genotype-phenotype correlations in 90 families
No full textWe aimed to describe the clinical characteristics of families with heritable TP53-related cancer (hTP53rc) syndrome in Sweden with class 4 and 5 germline TP53 variants (gTP53), and to evaluate the genotype-phenotype correlation. These results were also used to evaluate our previously published phenotype prediction model based on TP53 missense variants and their impact on protein conformation. 90 families with hTP53rc were initially identified in Sweden. After variant reclassification using the TP53-specific ACMG criteria, 83 families remained (176 carriers) to harbour a pathogenic (class 5) or likely pathogenic (class 4) variant in TP53. Of these, 112 carriers (64%) had a previous history of cancer, and 35 (31%) had developed more than one primary tumour. 16% of the families met the stricter criteria for Classic Li-Fraumeni syndrome, 45% the updated Chompret criteria, 35% for hereditary breast cancer (HBC), and the remaining 5% were classified as "Others". We identified 42 different gTP53 variants of which 22 were missense. The most frequently observed variant was the missense c.542 G > A, p.R181H identified in 14/29 (48%) of HBC families. Fifteen of the 20 informative missense variants (75%) were phenotypically predicted correctly using our previously published in silico prediction model. The TP53 p.R181H was identified as a common Swedish variant predominantly associated with an HBC phenotype. Apart from this variant, there were no significant genotype-phenotype correlations. Therefore, due to phenotypic overlap it is still too early to stratify surveillance programme for different TP53-carriers