Publikationer från Uppsala Universitet
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Flerspråkiga turkisk-svenska barns dåtidsanvändning i berättelser
No full textAs a result of an increased number of multilingual children in Sweden, the need for knowledge and understanding of multilingual language development also increases. An accurate use of past tense plays a crucial role in effective communication, not least when it comes to temporal reference and storytelling. The purpose of this paper is to investigate how multilingual Turkish-Swedish speaking children, aged 4 and 6, use past tense in Swedish narratives and whether any connections can be made to the Turkish past tense system. The study is based on 126 narratives told by 53 different children at the age of 4 and 6 years. The study was carried out both cross-sectionally and longitudinally, as 10 of the 4 year olds redid the same test 2 years later; when 6 years old. The narratives were elicited using the assessment material MAIN (Multilingual Assessment Instrument for Narratives, Gagarina et al., 2019). The findings from the cross-sectional study show that the 6-year-olds show a stronger preference for simple past tense and also conjugate the verbs with higher accuracy than the 4-year-olds. The 6-year-olds show a more developed ability to form past tense depending on whether the verb is weak or strong, while the 4-year-olds make more use of overgeneralization of the regular weak conjugation patterns. Possible connections with the Turkish tense system can be identified in terms of use of \textit{light verb constructions}, double marking with Turkish past tense endings, as well as overuse of nonfinite past participle endings. The results from the longitudinal study to some extent confirm the cross-sectional generalisations, but also shed light on the individual variation among children and thus reconnect to and stress the importance of knowledge and understanding of multilingual language development.
Hemispheric asymmetry in language-related brain regionsâ\u98\u86
No full textStructural asymmetries of the human brain have been widely studied in previous research. However, there is a lack of consistency across studies in terms of whether brain regions are larger in the left hemisphere than the right (leftward asymmetry), larger in the right hemisphere than the left (rightward asymmetry), or similar in both hemispheres (no asymmetry). Moreover, some of the existing studies exploring brain asymmetry were based on only small sample sizes and/or restricted to younger participants. Thus, here we analysed brain asymmetry in a well-powered sample (n = 532) later in life (mean age: 67 years). Given that language is known to be strongly lateralized in the brain, the current study focused on regions related to language. When assessing cortical volumes and surface areas, we observed significant leftward asymmetries for the superior temporal gyrus, superior temporal sulcus, supramarginal gyrus, pars opercularis, transverse gyrus, and temporal gyrus, whereas the pars triangularis showed a significant rightward asymmetry. In contrast, when assessing cortical thickness, we detected a significant leftward asymmetry for the pars triangularis and a significant rightward asymmetry for the superior temporal sulcus. The present observations on asymmetry in language-related brain regions in a large sample of older but neurologically healthy participants may serve as a normative framework against which data from clinical samples can be compared
Electronic Response and Charge Inversion at Polarized Gold Electrode
No full textWe have studied polarized Au(100) and Au(111) electrodes immersed in electrolyte solution by implementing finite-field methods in density functional theory-based molecular dynamics simulations. This allows us to directly compute the Helmholtz capacitance of electric double layer by including both electronic and ionic degrees of freedom, and the results turn out to be in excellent agreement with experiments. It is found that the electronic response of Au electrode makes a crucial contribution to the high Helmholtz capacitance and the instantaneous adsorption of Cl can lead to a charge inversion on the anodic polarized Au(100) surface. These findings point out ways to improve popular semi-classical models for simulating electrified solid-liquid interfaces and to identify the nature of surface charges therein which are difficult to access in experiments
Framing Russian State-Church Relations
No full textIn the Russian history, the relationship between the Russian Orthodox Church and the Russian government has fluctuated, from being a beneficial relationship for both parties in the era before Peter the Great, to almost being eradicated under the Soviet Union. Research focusing on the contemporary Russian state-church relationship have pointed to signs that the church has become a central actor in shaping the Russian identity, legitimizing the state and its policies as well as influencing government policies, but at same time research has also shown that there are more than a few critical voices expressing discontent on state policy. The purpose of this qualitative study is to investigate how representatives of the Russian state publicly describe its relationship with the Russian Orthodox Church by applying a framing typology, that previously have been used on Orthodox online media, on statements given by Russian government representatives between January 2012 and March 2024. This thesis concludes that there is a discrepancy in how representatives from the two government branches under investigation, the Presidential Administration and the Foreign Ministry, describe the relationship with the Russian Orthodox Church. While the Presidential Administration describes the relationship through positive commentary and the Foreign Ministry more through cooperation, the overall description should be seen somewhere between cooperation and support.
Strategier för smärtlindring hos patienter med opioidmissbruk inom anestesisjukvård : En kvantitativ litteraturstudie
No full textThree-dimensional electromagnetic inversion of transfer function data from controlled sources
No full textWe develop a three-dimensional inversion code to image the resistivity distribution of the subsurface from frequency-domain controlled-source electromagnetic data. Controlled-source electromagnetic investigations play an important role in many different geophysical prospecting applications. To evaluate controlled-source electromagnetic data collected with complex measurement setups, advanced three-dimensional modelling and inversion tools are required.We adopt a preconditioned non-linear conjugate gradient algorithm to enable three-dimensional inversion of impedance tensor and vertical magnetic transfer function data produced by multiple sets of two independent active sources. Forward simulations are performed with a finite-element solver. Increased sensitivities at source locations can optionally be counteracted with a weighting function in the regularization term to reduce source-related anomalies in the resistivity model. We investigate the capabilities of the inversion code using one synthetic and one field example. The results demonstrate that we can produce reliable subsurface models, although data sets from single pairs of independent sources remain challenging
Biophysical studies of ZC3H11A
No full textDevelopment of new drugs is always necessary for the betterment of human healthcare. Whether it be new antibiotics or medicines for viral disease. One strategy is to target certain proteins. To be able to develop these kinds of medicines, the protein itself must be understood. This can be done by biochemical and biophysical characterization of the studied protein. In this thesis, the biophysical characterization of one such protein, ZC3H11A, will be explored. Here, the aim is to understand how the protein behaves and how structurally it looks like. This is achieved by first attaining the protein in a highly pure and stable form. Then doing interaction studies with surface plasmon resonance-based biosensors, measuring the size by dynamic light scattering, and with structural studies in the form of circular dichroism, crystallization, and cryo electron microscopy. The results show that this intrinsically disordered protein binds very strongly to RNA containing loop secondary structures. It was also shown that the protein was prone to aggregation at lower pH than pH 9. Further, the structural studies show that one single representative model is difficult to obtain, likely due to the disordered nature. None the less, a structure was obtained which can be used to guide further optimization of sample preparation and data collection. In the end, it was shown that ZC3H11A is sensitive to both salt concentrations and pH. It was also shown how to rid the sample of nucleic acids. These results will help in future studies of how this disordered protein works
Cost-effectiveness analysis of two integrated early childhood development programs into Bangladeshi primary health-care services
No full textBackground This study presents results of a cost and cost-effectiveness analysis of two parenting interventions (group-based and pairs) integrated into primary health care centers in rural Bangladesh. Methods A within-trial cost-effectiveness analysis was conducted for two trials of parenting interventions aiming to support child development through play and interactions. Eligible participants for both trials were underweight children aged 5–24 months. Participants in the control arms in both trials received standard health services. Intervention costs were estimated rom the provider perspective over the time horizon of each study (21 months for the group-based intervention; 24 months for the pair-based intervention). Incremental cost effectiveness ratios were estimated for all primary child development outcomes and presented in terms of cost per standard deviation improvements in the outcomes. A series of cost scenario analyses were conducted to assess the effect of changing cost assumptions on the cost and cost-effectiveness results. All results are presented in 2022 USD. The studies were registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02208531). Findings Total provider costs in the within-trial analysis were US 117,028 for the pair intervention. Estimated cost per child covered by the interventions was US 136 for the pair intervention, reflecting likely economies of scale in delivery of the pair intervention. An additional US 61 and US$ 77 for group and pair interventions, respectively. Interpretation The findings indicates that cost-efficiency and cost-effectiveness results for both interventions are comparable with the results from limited similar interventions in LMICs. However, implementation costs of the interventions will be substantially lower at scale due to lower monitoring costs, economies of scale, and full integration into the public health system.De två första författarna delar förstaförfattarskapet</p
Magnetic Lyddane-Sachs-Teller Relation
No full textWe describe a magnetic relation in analogy to the well-known dielectric Lyddane-Sachs-Teller relation [R. H. Lyddane et al., Phys. Rev. 59, 673 (1941)]. This magnetic relation follows directly from the model equations for nuclear induction due to fast oscillating electromagnetic fields [F. Bloch, Phys. Rev. 70, 460 (1946)] and relates the static permeability with the product over all ratios of antiresonance and resonance frequencies associated with all magnetic excitations within a given specimen. The magnetic relation differs significantly from its dielectric analog where the static properties are related to ratios of the squares of resonance frequencies. We demonstrate the validity of the magnetic Lyddane-Sachs-Teller relation using optical magnetization data from terahertz electron magnetic resonance spectroscopic ellipsometry measurements in the presence of an external magnetic field on an iron-doped semiconductor crystal of gallium nitride
