Publikationer från Uppsala Universitet
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Advancing CO2++ Modeling in the Martian Dayside Ionosphere : Insights from Natural Lifetime Analysis
No full textThe molecular dication CO2++ has, as previously reported, been detected in the Martian ionosphere by the Neutral Gas and Ion Mass Spectrometer on the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution (MAVEN) mission. Photochemical models have also been developed to reproduce the CO2++ density in the Martian dayside ionosphere but underestimate significantly the observations. In this study, we examine the influence of the CO2++ natural lifetime against spontaneous dissociation on its modeled density. We show that extending the assumed CO2++ lifetime significantly reduces the discrepancy between the photochemical model predictions and MAVEN observations. Specifically, when treating CO2++ as stable against natural dissociation, instead of invoking a lifetime of 4 s as done in previous studies, the data-to-model ratio comes close to unity throughout the altitude range 160–220 km. We argue that stability of CO2++ against natural dissociation does not necessarily conflict with results from a frequently cited experimental investigation. Our study provides new insights for advancing photochemical modeling of the Martian ionosphere and underscores the need for further laboratory measurements targeting fundamental properties of doubly charged ions
Anti-correlation of LacI association and dissociation rates observed in living cells
No full textThe rate at which transcription factors (TFs) bind their cognate sites has long been assumed to be limited by diffusion, and thus independent of binding site sequence. Here, we systematically test this assumption using cell-to-cell variability in gene expression as a window into the in vivo association and dissociation kinetics of the model transcription factor LacI. Using a stochastic model of the relationship between gene expression variability and binding kinetics, we performed single-cell gene expression measurements to infer association and dissociation rates for a set of 35 different LacI binding sites. We found that both association and dissociation rates differed significantly between binding sites, and moreover observed a clear anticorrelation between these rates across varying binding site strengths. These results contradict the long-standing hypothesis that TF binding site strength is primarily dictated by the dissociation rate, but may confer the evolutionary advantage that TFs do not get stuck in near-operator sequences while searching
Navigating Change : Experiences of Digitalisation Projects Within the Swedish Transport Administration
No full textBackground: Digital transformation has emerged as an important theme in contemporary organisational studies, particularly within public sector institutions striving to enhance operational efficiency, improve service delivery, and foster innovation. This study aimed to explore the experiences of key actors within the Swedish Transport Administration, focusing on the challenges and opportunities associated with digital transformation. The research questions were as follows: (1) How do key actors perceive the effectiveness of the organisation's management control systems in supporting digitalisation efforts? (2) What challenges and opportunities do key actors identify in the project management approach for implementing digital transformation initiatives? (3) How do key actors view the alignment between project-level goals and the Administration's overarching strategic goals for digitalisation? Methods: The study employed a qualitative approach, conducting semi-structured interviews (n = 18) with participants from the Administration. Data from the interviews were analysed using an open coding approach. Results: The findings revealed that (1) respondents favour a more centralised and cohesive approach to management control, (2) there is a notable lack of expertise in change management, and (3) alignment between strategic and project-level objectives is insufficient, creating challenges in ensuring consistency and coherence in the implementation of digitalisation efforts. Conclusions: The results shed light on issues regarding management control, prioritisation, and the coordination of digitalisation efforts within a public sector administration
Relay aided UWOC-SMF-FSO based hybrid link for underwater wireless optical sensor network
No full textThe Internet of Underwater Things (IoUTs) connects underwater devices to communicate, sense surroundings, and transmit data. Acoustic communication faces bandwidth limitations, making underwater wireless optical communication-free space optics (UWOC-FSO) hybrid systems a promising alternative. However, maintaining sufficient power budget and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is a challenging task, making wavelength translation (WT) from visible to infrared (IR) at the water-fiber-air interface crucial for reliable signal transmission. In this paper, we propose an underwater wireless optical communication-single mode fiber-free space optics (UWOCSMF-FSO) hybrid link based on a photo-detection, remodulate, and forwarding (PRF) relay and intensity modulation-direct detection (IM/DD) scheme for 8 x 1-Gb/s underwater optical wireless sensor network (UWOSN). The PRF relay is installed at a remotely operated underwater vehicle (ROV) to perform WT from visible range to IR. The performance of the sensors is analyzed for different water bodies and weather conditions of underwater and free space optics channels, respectively using metrics of Bit-error rate (BER) and Quality factor (Q-factor) employing Gamma-Gamma channel model. The simulation results show that forward-error correction (FEC) target BER of 10-4 for sensors is achieved under different water bodies and weather conditions. The results obtained from this study show that the proposed UWOC-SMF-FSO hybrid link is flexible, resilient to adverse channel effects, and can be a potential candidate for implementation of high-speed long-distance future IoUTs
VI och DEM: Den svenska porträtteringen av det egna landet gentemot dess fiende : En kvalitativ innehållsanalys om hur svenska makthavare representerar Sverige jämfört med Sveriges fiender i dagens geopolitik
No full textDenna studie undersöker hur svenska makthavare framställer nationen, dess allierade och potentiella fiender i sina offentliga uttalanden, samt de bakomliggande teoretiska ramverk som förklarar dessa framställningar. Genom att analysera tal och uttalanden från svenska makthavare mellan 2023 och 2024 identifierar studien hur ideologiska verktyg som othering och dubbel-Janus används för att konstruera en känsla av exceptionalism. Resultaten visar att Sverige framställs som en moralisk och ansvarsfull aktör, djupt integrerad i den västerländska alliansen, medan dess motståndare, särskilt Ryssland, porträtteras som auktoritära, aggressiva och existentiellt hotande. Studien bygger på teorier inom kritisk geopolitik och nationalism, och belyser hur historiska tillbakablickar och framtidsvisioner används för att rättfärdiga geopolitiska beslut. Studien bidrar till en förståelse av samtidens geopolitiska dynamik i Sverige, särskilt i samband med Nato-anslutningen och ökade säkerhetspolitiska utmaningar
How does forest fertilization influence tree productivity of boreal forests? : An analysis of data from commercial forestry across Sweden
No full textForest fertilization is a forest management practice that is often claimed to increase productivity in boreal forests. Although regarded as an efficient way to increase profitability, it is also costly, and associated with risks such as biodiversity loss and nitrogen leaching from the soil. To be both cost-efficient and sustainable, potential enhanced productivity due to fertilization should be balanced against the adverse environmental impact. One effective strategy is to limit fertilization to sites where it can most significantly increase tree productivity, while avoiding application in less suitable areas. However, the current understanding of the specific conditions under which forest fertilization optimally stimulates tree growth is limited. To clarify this, we analysed standing tree volume from 32,498 recently harvested fertilized and unfertilized stands from Sweden's largest forest owner. We applied generalized additive models to quantify the effect of fertilization on standing tree volume at harvest and how the fertilization effect depended on dominant tree species, stand characteristics (site index, stem density), climatic conditions (temperature sum), and management (thinning, stand age at harvest). We found that the effect of operational fertilization was highly context-dependent. In pine-dominated stands, fertilization failed to increase tree volumes in cold climates and low-productive stands. In spruce-dominated stands, fertilization did not result in increased tree volumes in low-productive and high-productive stands. For a more sustainable and cost-efficient application of this practice we suggest that the context dependency of the efficiency of fertilization is given more attention. Hence, we recommend to refrain from fertilizing pine-dominated stands situated on lowproductive land or in regions with cold climates, such as those found in northern Sweden
Is Uruangnirin Dying? : Explaining the sociolinguistic situation of Uruangnirin through the voice of the speakers
No full textThis paper aims to give a comprehensive overview of the current state of Uruangnirin, specifically through a sociolinguistic questionnaire on the language. This research is a part in describing the language further. It shows that Indonesian is taking over more domains in society, leading to Uruangnirin being spoken less. There is a language shift happening as younger generations don’t speak the language. The study implies that the Uruangnirin-speakers in Kiaba are not particularly strongly connected to the language. This attitude suggests that the speakers are noticing the language shift and going with it on the grounds that they perceive Indonesian to be a more useful language
En kvantitativ analys av faktorer som påverkar omräkningar i svenska hållbarhetsrapporter
No full textI ett samhälle med ett ökat fokus på hållbar utveckling blir hållbarhetsredovisning en central del av företagens ansvar, vilket speglar deras bidrag till att uppnå de globala målen för hållbar utveckling. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka vilka faktorer som driver omräkningar i svenska hållbarhetsrapporter. Undersökningen baseras på ett urval av 522 svenska hållbarhetsrapporter under tidsperioden 2021-2023 och genomförs genom en multipel logistisk regressionsanalys. Undersökningen visar att ESG-poäng och miljömål är drivande faktorer till omräkningar. Studiens resultat indikerar att förekomsten av omräkningar tyder på utveckling hos företag snarare än brister i rapporteringen
Kvinnors erfaranheter av stöd vid en abort
No full textABSTRACT Introduction: Every year, 73 million abortions are performed worldwide. The nurse has a significant responsibility when caring for the woman during an abortion. Research that has presented a connection between mental health issues and abortion has been shown to contain methodological flaws. Attitudes and reasons, as well as the emotional and physical reactions, have been found to vary between different women. Therefore it is important to develop an understanding of what contributes to the experience of support during the care of an abortion. Aim: The aim of this study is to describe women’s experiences of support during an abortion. Method: A literature review was conducted with a qualitative design, involving the retrieval of 10 original scientific articles from PubMed and CINAHL. The results were compiled according to the guidelines for a general literature review and presented in three main categories. Results: The importance of interpersonal interactions included women's descriptions of how good versus bad treatment contributed to their experience of support, with certain attributes standing out as contributing to the feeling of support. The need for person-centered care highlighted how women experienced support when they were cared for in an individualized manner, as a unique person with respected autonomy. The importance of tailored information described how women stated that receiving adequately tailored information contributed to feeling supported. Conclusion: In order to support women undergoing an abortion, nurses must have knowledge of the factors that establish support in the caregiving process. Good support fosters autonomy, well-being, and future health. Keywords: Care, induced abortion, person-centered care, support, women's experience
Att mäta strukturell rasism i hälsoforskning : En litteraturstudie
No full textBakgrund: Strukturell rasism har identifierats som en avgörande social bestämningsfaktor (SDH) för hälsa, vilket speglas i omfattande hälsoskillnader mellan olika etniska och rasgrupper. Trots ett ökande fokus på strukturell rasism inom internationell hälsoforskning är begreppet fortfarande underutforskat i en svensk kontext. Därmed behövs metodutveckling för att kvantifiera strukturell rasism i en svensk hälsoforskning. Syfte: Att undersöka hur strukturell rasism kvantifierats i hälsoforskning de senaste tio åren och att bedöma vilka av dessa metoder som är applicerbara på svensk registerdata. Metod: Studentarbetet genomfördes som en narrativ litteraturgenomgång. Sökningar i PubMed med termerna ‘structural racism’ och ‘institutional racism’, samt tillägg för kvantitativa studier, resulterade i 24 inkluderade artiklar. Dessa analyserades med fokus på metoder för att mäta strukturell rasism. Resultat: Identifierade metoder delades in i tre kategorier: 1.Geografiska metoder: 14 artiklar använde sociala index och boendesegregationsmått för att mäta strukturell rasism. 2. Självrapporterade upplevelser: En artikel använde enkätdata för att mäta exponering. 3. Policyutvärdering: Åtta artiklar analyserade hälsoeffekter av rasistiska policyer och lagstiftningar. Två artiklar föll utanför dessa kategorier och redovisades separat. Metoderna bedöms väsentligen kunna anpassas till svensk registerdata för att analysera sambandet mellan strukturell rasism och hälsa. Slutsats: Det föreligger en tydlig potential att använda befintlig svensk data för resurseffektiv forskning som belyser samband mellan exponering för strukturell rasism och hälsa.Background: Structural racism has been identified as a crucial social determinant of health (SDH), reflected in significant health disparities among different ethnic and racial groups. Despite increasing focus on structural racism in international health research, the concept remains underexplored in the Swedish context. Consequently, there is a need to develop methods for quantifying structural racism in Swedish health research. Aim: To examine how structural racism has been quantified in health research over the past decade and to evaluate which of these methods could be applied to Swedish registry data. Method: This thesis employed a narrative literature review. Searches in PubMed using terms such as ‘structural racism’ and ‘institutional racism’, combined with keywords for quantitative studies, identified 24 articles. These articles were analyzed with a focus on methods used to measure structural racism. Results: Identified methods were categorized into three main types: 1. Geographic methods: Fourteen articles used social indices and residential segregation metrics to measure structural racism. 2. Self-reported experiences: One article utilized survey data to capture exposure. 3. Policy evaluation: Eight articles examined the health effects of racist policies and legislation. Two articles fell outside these categories and were reported separately. The methods identified were deemed largely adaptable to Swedish registry data for analyzing links between structural racism and health outcomes. Conclusion: There is significant potential to use existing Swedish data for resource-efficient research that highlights associations between exposure to structural racism and health outcomes