Publikationer från Uppsala Universitet
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Structure, chemistry, and mechanical properties of non-reactively sputtered Ti-Al-N
No full textThis study presents the influence of substrate temperature, sputtering conditions (DC and pulsed DC), and Al content on chemical composition, structure, growth morphology, mechanical properties and thermal stability of non-reactively sputtered Ti-Al-N coatings. The substrate temperature and the pulse frequency have a minor impact on the coating properties, which are more strongly influenced by the chemical composition of the target (Ti0.5Al0.5N, Ti0.33Al0.67N, or Ti0.2Al0.8N) and the duty cycle during pulsed DC sputtering. The highest deposition rate of 109 ± 2 nm/min was obtained from a single-phase cubic rock-salt-structured coating and the highest hardness of 38.2 ± 2.5 GPa from a two-phase-structure coating (cubic rock salt and minor hexagonal wurtzite structure), both prepared from the Ti0.5Al0.5N target. The maximum Al content (Ti1-xAlxN) for single-phase cubic rock-salt-structured coatings is x = 0.64, and the minimum Al content for single-phase hexagonal wurtzite-structured coatings is x = 0.81. The findings demonstrate that non-reactive sputtering is a viable method for preparing Ti-Al-N coatings. Furthermore, even without additional substrate heating, this approach achieves a high hardness of 33.6 ± 1.5 GPa and an impressive deposition rate of 102 ± 1 nm/min, offering a pathway to further enhance the sustainable production of these hard protective coatings
Variationsmönster i matematik : En kvalitativ innehållsanalys kring hur läroböcker behandlar sambanden mellan de fyra räknesätten.
No full textSyftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur sambanden mellan de fyra räknesätten framställs i matematikläromedel för årskurs 4. I vår studie används variationsmönster för att tydliggöra sambanden. De forskningsfrågor som studien bygger på utgår från hur sambanden mellan de fyra räknesätten framställs med hjälp av variationsmönstren samt skillnader mellan hur läromedel behandlar sambanden utifrån variationsmönstren. Forskningen visar att undervisningsmaterial, särskilt läromedel, har en central roll i matematikundervisningen. Läroböcker används ofta som en primär resurs för både elever och lärare, vilket påverkar undervisningens innehåll och struktur. Forskning om de fyra räknesätten betonar vikten av att eleverna själva förstår sambanden mellan dem. Det finns därför ett intresse att undersöka hur sambanden uttrycks i läromedel och om det används som en metod för att främja undervisningen kring de fyra räknesätten. I studien har fyra olika läromedel undersökts och totalt sju böcker. Metoden i studien bygger på en kvalitativ innehållsanalys och vi har valt att utgå utifrån variatonsteorin som ett analysverktyg. Vi har valt ut tre samband mellan de fyra räknesätten utifrån forskningsresultat. Läromedlen har sedan undersökts för att se om sambanden uppkommer och vilka variationsmönster som används. Resultatet visar att alla samband används i någon utsträckning samt att vissa av variationsmönstren används i högre utsträckning än andra. Vad som också framgår i resultatet är att läromedlen inte innehåller tillräckligt utförliga förklaringar och att de istället bygger på elevernas tidigare kunskaper
Aortic valve calcification across stages of dysglycemia in middle-aged individuals from the general population
No full textBackground: Aortic valve calcification (AVC) is an underlying pathophysiological mechanism in aortic stenosis, which shares many risk factors with diabetes. However, the association between dysglycemia and early stages of AVC remains unclear. The aim was to examine the associations between stages of dysglycemia and signs of AVC among middle-aged individuals from the general population. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study from the Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study (SCAPIS) randomly enrolling 30,154 middle-aged men and women from six study sites in Sweden between 2013 and 2018. Glycemic status was based on the World Health Organization criteria (fasting blood glucose and/or HbA1c) and questionnaire-based answers on previous diseases and categorized as normoglycemia, prediabetes, newly detected diabetes and known diabetes. AVC was assessed on cardiac computed tomography (CT) and defined as evident or not. Results: Of 29,331 individuals with data on glycemic status and AVC available, mean age was 57.5 years and normoglycemia was present in 76%, prediabetes in 16%, newly detected diabetes in 3% and known diabetes in 5%. The prevalence of AVC increased progressively across glycemic categories, particularly in males (8%, 11%, 14% and 17%; P < 0.01) compared to females (5%, 6%, 8% and 9%; P < 0.01). There was an association with AVC already in the early stages of dysglycemia; prediabetes (OR 1.16, 95% CI 1.02-1.31), newly detected diabetes (1.34 [1.05-1.71]) and known diabetes (1.61 [1.34-1.93]) after adjusting for age, sex, smoking, study site, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol and hypertension. Conclusions: In this large, contemporary, and randomly selected population of middle-aged individuals, prediabetes, newly detected diabetes and known diabetes were all associated with CT-detected AVC. Further studies are warranted to investigate if managing dysglycemia, even in its early stages, may help slow down AVC progression
On the 1/c expansion in 2d CFTs with degenerate operators
No full textWe analytically determine the large central charge asymptotic expansion of Virasoro conformal blocks entering in four-point functions with external degenerate operators on a sphere in 2d CFTs, and study its resurgence properties as a function of the conformal cross-ratio z. We focus on the cases of four heavy (2, 1) degenerate operators, and two (2, 1) heavy degenerate ones plus two arbitrary light operators. The 1/c asymptotic series is Borel summable for generic values of z, but it jumps when a Stokes line is crossed. Starting from the 1/c series of the identity block, we show how a resurgent analysis allows us to completely determine the other Virasoro block and in fact to reconstruct the full correlator. We also show that forbidden singularities, known to exist in correlators with two heavy and two light operators, appear with four heavy operators as well. In both cases, they are turning points emanating Stokes lines, artefacts of the asymptotic expansion, and we show how they are non perturbatively resolved. More general correlators and implications for gravitational theories in AdS3 are briefly discussed. Our results are based on new asymptotic expansions for large parameters (a, b, c) of certain hypergeometric functions 2F1(a, b, c; z) which can be useful in general
När barn och viljor krockar : En studie om konflikter i fritidsmiljöer
No full textAbstract This study examines how conflicts are identified, emerge, are dealt with, and prevented in after-school programs, according to different after-school program leaders. The subject of conflicts and conflict resolution is analyzed from the viewpoint of after-school program leaders to identify factors contributing to these conflicts and how they can be addressed to enhance safe after-school program environments. This study answers the following research questions: How do after-school program leaders define conflict? How do after-school program leaders describe the emergence of conflicts?How is conflict management carried out in an after-school program from the perspective of after-school program leaders? A qualitative study was carried out through five semi-structured interviews with different after-school program leaders, and the gathered material was analyzed using thematic analysis. The results emphasize that conflicts emerge due to factors such as children's individual diagnoses (e.g., ADHD or autism), hierarchy imbalances among children, and turn-taking. This highlights the crucial role of after-school program leaders, where their attendance, communication, and strategies play a significant role in conflict resolution and prevention. To analyze the gathered material, theories such as Vygotsky's sociocultural theory and Mary Parker Follett’s conflict theory were implemented. These theories underscore how social interaction and power balance affect conflicts. Vygotsky highlights the value of communication and adult attendance, which the collected data proves as fundamental for children's development. The study contributes knowledge on how after-school program leaders can work proactively to decrease conflicts. For future research, it is suggested that other factors, such as socio-economic environments, should be researched to compare conflicts in different after-school programs from multiple perspectives.Sammanfattning Detta arbete har undersökt hur konflikter definieras, skapas, handskas samt förhindras i fritidsverksamheter, enligt olika fritidsledare. Ämnet konflikter och konflikthantering analyserades utifrån fritidsledarnas perspektiv för att upptäcka faktorer som bidrar till dessa konflikter och hur man kan hantera dem, för att främja trygga fritidsmiljöer. Studien besvarar följande frågeställningar: Vad är en konflikt enligt fritidsledarna? Hur beskriver fritidsledarna att konflikter uppstår?Hur sker konflikthantering inom fritidsverksamheter, från fritidsledarnas perspektiv? Genom fem semistrukturerade intervjuer med olika fritidsledare har jag utfört en kvalitativ studie där material analyserats med en tematisk analys. Resultaten belyser att konflikter skapas i samband med faktorer som barnets individuella diagnoser (exempelvis ADHD eller autism), maktobalansen bland olika barn, och turtagning. Därmed lyfts vitala rollen som fritidsledare där deras närvaro, kommunikation och strategier spelar stor roll för konflikthanteringen och motarbetet av konflikter. För att analysera insamlade materialet har teorier som Vygotskijs sociokulturella teori och Mary Follets konfliktteori använts som lyfter hur social samspel och maktfördelning har för effekt på konflikter. Vygotskij stärker kommuniceringens viktiga roll och vuxnas närvaro som det insamlade materialet kan bekräfta är viktigt för barnens utveckling. Studien bidrar med kännedom för hur fritidsledare kan jobba i förebyggande syfte för att reducera konflikter. Som förslagsvis inför vidare forskning lyfts hur andra faktorer som socioekonomiska miljöer bör forskas kring för att jämföra konflikter i olika fritidsverksamheter utifrån olika perspektiv
Improving hospital food and meal provision : a qualitative exploration of nutrition leaders' experiences in implementing change
No full textBackground: Recently, numerous initiatives have been taken to improve food and meals for hospital inpatients. Research providing in-depth knowledge on leading such improvement initiatives and implementing changes, specifically through facilitation within this multilevel context, is essential. This study aims to explore nutrition leaders' experiences in implementing changes to improve food and meal provision for hospital inpatients, focusing on facilitation activities. Method: This is a qualitative interview study within the social constructivist paradigm. Participants were recruited through professional networks, advertisements, and snowballing. Eighteen semi-structured interviews were conducted individually with participants in leadership roles of food and meal improvement initiatives at Swedish hospitals. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically through an i-PARIHS lens. Results: Three themes of facilitation activities were identified: 'Building Relationships', 'Placing Food and Meals on the Agenda', and 'Cultivating Skills'. Building relationships involved establishing connections between the service and clinical divisions. Creating common structures and multidisciplinary teamwork enabled collaboration across organisational boundaries. Placing food and meals on the agenda involved both initial and ongoing communication activities, as food and meal tasks were often considered low priority. Cultivating skills encompassed creating learning opportunities for implementing lasting changes, tailored to specific contexts and adopted within everyday practices. Conclusions: Collaboration between foodservice and clinical professionals, along with the dissemination of knowledge, appears to be important for implementing changes. Active leadership supports successful implementations by providing structured approaches, including feedback systems, and by contributing to the recognition of improvement initiatives, according to experiences shared during interviews
Hybridarbete och småbarnsföräldrar: en balansakt : En studie om hybridarbetets påverkan på rollfördelning och gränssättning
No full textThis study examines how hybrid work arrangements influence parents of young children, with a specific focus on the role distribution between work and family life. The research question is based on the observation that parents of young children are a demographic prone to job transitions and experience high levels of stress due to the dual demands of work and parenthood. The theoretical framework focuses on “Work-Family Balance Theory” and “Border Theory”, which explore role distribution and boundary management. The study employs a qualitative research design, conducting interviews with eight participants using a semi-structured interview guide via google meet. The findings highlight that hybrid work can enhance the ability of parenting to achieve an easier role distribution between their roles as family members and workers. However, it also complicates boundary management, making it more challenging to establish clear distinctions between work and family domains. The study also examines the differences between men's and women's experiences of hybrid work, resulting in the observation that hybrid work reduces the disparity in conditions between the genders in terms of household workload as well as the opportunity to work full time
Educational outcomes school year nine in children treated for acute lymphoblastic leukemia : A nationwide registry‐based study from Sweden
No full textAcute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) constitutes approximately 25% of pediatric cancers, and with contemporary protocols, the 5-year survival rate is over 90%. Despite improved survival, neurocognitive impairments from treatment raise concerns. This registry study aimed to explore the impact of ALL treatment on educational outcomes from school year nine in Swedish children. A population-based cohort of 503 children diagnosed with ALL from 1990 to 2010 was identified from the Swedish Childhood Cancer Registry and matched with five controls each. Assessed variables were delayed graduation, high school eligibility, total merit value, school grades in Swedish, English, mathematics, and physical education, and results in national tests. Analyses were performed between cases and controls and by sex, age at diagnosis, and risk group. Our results showed that, compared to controls, cases had higher odds for delayed graduation, poorer results in physical education, and higher rates of absence in national tests in English and mathematics. Children in the standard-risk group (treated with first-line chemotherapy only) exhibited similar results to matched controls whereas children in the high-risk group (treated with cranial irradiation, hematological stem cell transplantation, or/and for ALL relapse and thus likely received also radiotherapy) had lower total merit value compared to controls. We conclude that Swedish children diagnosed with ALL between the years 1990–2010 mainly exhibited comparable educational outcomes to controls, although children in the high-risk group had lower results. These findings highlight the importance of evaluating especially children with high-risk ALL in order to identify those requiring educational support and for designing targeted interventions
Synthesis and preclinical evaluation of gastrin releasing peptide receptor antagonist [18F]MeTz-PEG2-RM26 for positron emission tomography
No full textBackground: The gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) is overexpressed in the majority of primary prostate cancer lesions, with persistent expression in lymph nodes and bone metastases, making it a legitimate molecular target for diagnostic imaging and staging. This study presents the synthesis and preclinical evaluation of [18F]MeTz-PEG2-RM26, a GRPR antagonist which utilises the Inverse Electron Demand Diels-Alder (IEDDA) reaction for 18F-labelling. This click-chemistry approach allows for site-specific incorporation of fluorine-18 under mild conditions, preserving the peptide's structural integrity and biological activity. Receptor specificity and affinity of [18F]MeTz-PEG2-RM26 were evaluated in vitro using GRPR-expressing PC-3 cells. Furthermore, the biodistribution profile of [18F]MeTz-PEG2-RM26 was assessed in NMRI mice and its tumour-targeting capability was investigated in mice bearing PC-3 xenografts. Results: The labelling of TCO-PEG2-RM26 precursor involved three steps: (1) synthesis of an 18F-labelled activated ester on a quaternary methyl ammonium (QMA) cartridge, (2) conjugation of the labelled ester to a tetrazine amine, and (3) attachment to TCO-PEG2-RM26 via an IEDDA click reaction. This production method of [18F]MeTz-PEG2-RM26 afforded a high apparent molar activity of 3.5-4.3 GBq/mu mol and radiochemical purity exceeding 98%, with 43-70 MBq activity incorporation, while the entire synthesis was completed within 75 min. Both in vitro and in vivo studies confirmed the specific binding of [18F]MeTz-PEG2-RM26 to GRPR, with a significant reduction in activity uptake observed upon receptor saturation. The radioligand exhibited rapid blood clearance and minimal bone uptake, confirming the stability of the fluorine-carbon bond. However, high hepatic uptake (12-13% IA/g at 1 h post-injection) indicated predominant hepatobiliary excretion. Receptor-mediated uptake was observed in the tumours and pancreatic tissue, although the overall activity uptake in tumours was low, likely due to the rapid hepatobiliary clearance of [18F]MeTz-PEG2-RM26. Conclusions: These findings demonstrate the effectiveness of the IEDDA click reaction for fluorine-18 labelling of GRPR-targeting PET tracers. Future studies should focus on increasing the hydrophilicity of the imaging probe to improve the targeting properties and biodistribution profile of the radioligand
Skydd av kyrkligt kulturarv vid höjd beredskap och krig : En kunskapsöversikt ur den lokala förvaltarens perspektiv
No full textSvenska kyrkan och dess organisatoriska delar ska enligt kulturmiljölagen (SFS 1988:950) vidta förberedelser för hur det kyrkliga arvet ska vårdas och underhållas vid höjd beredskap och krig. En väpnad konflikt kan också göra det nödvändigt att föra undan värdefulla föremål från kyrkorna. Enligt gällande regelverk har myndigheterna en nyckelroll i planeringen av dessa insatser. Syftet är att utifrån den lokala förvaltarens perspektiv ge en aktuell bild av hur religiöst kulturarv kan påverkas av väpnade konflikter. Med utgångspunkt från tillämpliga regelverk i Sverige ska studien ta fram rekommendationer om hur ett delat ansvar mellan myndigheterna och Svenska kyrkans olika nivåer kan och bör se ut, med tydliga roller och ansvar. Studien ska också peka på lämpliga åtgärder som förvaltaren själv kan vidta för att minimera riskerna.Projektet finansierades med kyrkoantikvarisk ersättning 2023-24. Skyddsaspekter vid höjd beredskap och krig. En kunskapsöversikt ur den lokala förvaltarens perspekti