Publikationer från Uppsala Universitet
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Altitude Profile and Isotopic Composition for N2 From Pioneer Venus Mass Spectra
No full textWe report the highest resolution altitude profile and isotopic composition for N-2 at Venus, to date. These results were obtained through re-analysis of data acquired by the Pioneer Venus Large Probe Neutral Mass Spectrometer (LNMS). The N-2 is non-uniformly mixed across the clouds and sub-cloud atmosphere (similar to 59-15 km) yet uniformly mixed across the deep lower atmosphere (DLA, <15 km). The volume percent for N-2 decreases by similar to 2.1-fold between the clouds (5.21 +/- 0.18 vol%; similar to 59-51 km) and DLA (2.49 +/- 0.10 vol%; <15 km) with concomitant increases in the atmospheric molecular masses. Using the cloud N-2, we extracted the N-15/N-14 ratio (2.93 x 10(-3) +/- 0.13 x 10(-3)) and a corresponding delta N-15 (-204 +/- 35 parts per thousand). Together, the LNMS results suggest that (a) N-2 is not well-mixed >15 km, (b) the atmosphere is unstable at <15 km, and (c) the cloud delta N-15 falls between the solar wind and Earth's atmosphere. Plain Language Summary We report the highest resolution altitude profile and isotopic composition for molecular nitrogen (N-2) at Venus, to date. These results were obtained through re-analysis of data acquired by the Pioneer Venus Large Probe Neutral Mass Spectrometer. The Venus N-2 is non-uniformly mixed between the clouds and sub-cloud atmosphere (similar to 59-15 km) yet uniformly mixed in the deep lower atmosphere below 15 km. A decrease in N-2 abundances of similar to 2-fold is observed between the clouds (similar to 59-51 km) and deep lower atmosphere (<15 km). From the cloud N-2, we also extracted a constrained N-15/N-14 ratio. Together, these results suggest that (a) N-2 is not well-mixed above 15 km, (b) the atmosphere is unstable below 15 km, and (c) the N-15/N-14 ratio for Venus' clouds falls between the solar wind and Earth's atmosphere
Maternal adverse childhood experiences and perinatal outcomes : A retrospective inceptive cohort study
No full textIntroduction Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with poor health and social outcomes in adulthood. However, research on the relationship between ACEs and perinatal outcomes remains limited, and the effect of cumulative ACEs on perinatal outcomes has not yet been established. This study examines the association between maternal exposure to multiple ACEs and perinatal outcomes. Material and methods The study comprised a cohort study of 1,253 women enrolled in the national prenatal healthcare program in Sweden 2012-2013. In early pregnancy and one year after childbirth the women completed a total of 3 questionnaires that included questions on ACEs, mode of delivery, and birth complications. ACEs were grouped as involving 0, 1-3, or >= 4 categories according to previously defined measures. Multiple ordinal logistic regression analyses were used to compare perinatal outcomes across ACE categories adjusted for a minimal sufficient set of confounders as well as sensitivity analyses. Results The women had an average age of 32, and the majority were multiparous, of Swedish origin, highly educated, non-smokers and in a relationship. The proportions of women with adverse childhood experiences in the 0, 1-3, and >= 4 categories were 42%, 46% and 12%, respectively. On the whole, the adjusted odds ratios (aOR) were highest for women exposed to adverse childhood experience in >= 4 categories, with women exposed to 0 as reference, and with aORs for women exposed to 1-3 categories in between. In women with >= 4 ACEs categories, the strongest associations were found for the outcomes emergency Caesarean delivery (aOR 2.02, CI 1.13-3.63), bleeding >1000 ml in connection with Caesarean delivery (aOR 3.54, CI 1.01-12.39), preeclampsia (aOR 4.21, CI 1.73-10.25) and requiring antibiotics (aOR 3.14, CI 1.19-8.32). Conclusions Multiple ACEs were associated with higher rates of adverse perinatal outcomes. The maternal health services need to identify these individuals and provide extra care to mitigate their risks
Searching for heterotic line bundle models using genetic algorithms
No full textIn this thesis, genetic algorithms are used to search the vast landscape of heterotic line bundle models on complete intersection Calabi-Yau (CICY) compactifications for realistic standard models. Such models consist of a vector bundle with vanishing first Chern class made up of five line bundles and can be encoded in an integer matrix whose size depends on the CICY's h1,1 value. This problem has been studied in previous literature, both systematically and using computational methods such as genetic algorithms. In this thesis we confirm the result that genetic algorithms are effective at solving the problem, and improve on the efficiency of the algorithms compared to previous work. First, the concepts of string theory and Calabi-Yau compactification that are relevant for heterotic line bundles are reviewed. Then, a brief overview is given of genetic algorithms and the possible tuneable parameters. This is followed by presenting the process of tuning a genetic algorithm to the three CICYs X7447, X5302, and X4071 which have h1,1 = 5,6,7 respectively. The genetic algorithm attempts to maximize its fitness, which is achieved by vector bundles that pass a number of outlined constraints which correspond to the vector bundle being physically reasonable. The results consist of three longer runs of the tuned algorithms, as well as a run made on the CICY X4086 with h1,1 = 8 using the algorithm tuned for X4071. For the CICYs X7447 and X5302, stricter cohomology and stability constraints are also checked for the found solutions, since these were not implemented in the fitness function due to computational efficiency. For X7447 and X5302, the algorithms have a success rate of almost 100% and contain many solutions satisfying the stricter constraints. For X4071 the algorithm has a success rate of almost 40% despite the higher h1,1. For X4086 the algorithm has a success rate of around 7-8%, showing that the algorithm can extend to harder problems. The genetic algorithms were implemented in Python using the DEAP evolutionary framework and the PyCICY library. All simulations were made on one AMD Ryzen 5 5600X CPU
Looking back at resignation syndrome : the rise and fall of a culture-bound endemic
No full textResignation syndrome was endemic to Sweden for more than two decades. This paper explores how it emerged, sustained, and disappeared. Conceived to be caused by trauma and the stress of migration, permanent residency was considered necessary for recovery and became part of treatment. However, respecting national borders, affecting only some migrant groups, and with child abuse and feigned illness to gain asylum exposed, the understanding of the endemic shifted and aspects other than trauma and stress were acknowledged. Migration policy was altered with permanent residency permits replaced by temporary, and in legal procedures for residency, little weight was awarded to resignation syndrome. Management came to centre around child protection and sometimes involved separation of patient and family. The asylum procedure was kept separate from treatment. The strategy was found effective. Invoking residency as a part of treatment was suggested to have generated simulation but also expectations in turn producing and maintaining symptoms. In effect, as the illness-driving narrative and the incentivising medicolegal practice were reversed, the endemic faded. The thesis here put forward is that resignation syndrome was a condition created, maintained, and reversed by society. However, it is not the first, nor is it the last. Trending illness manifestations in general may benefit from a constructivist analysis, the resignation syndrome example showcases how, and that mitigation is possible
Constructing rational homology 3-spheres that bound rational homology 4-balls
No full textWe present three large families of new examples of plumbed 3-manifolds that bound rational homology 4-balls. These are constructed using two operations, also defined here, that preserve the lack of a lattice embedding obstruction to bounding rational homology balls. Apart from in the cases shown in this paper, it remains open whether these operations are rational homology cobordisms in general. The new examples include a multitude of families of rational surgeries on torus knots, and we explicitly describe which positive torus knots we now know to have a surgery that bounds a rational homology ball. While not the focus of this paper, we implicitly confirm the slice-ribbon conjecture for new, more complicated, examples of arborescent knots, including many Montesinos knots
Introducing the kollaR package : A user-friendly open-access solution for eye-tracking analysis and visualization
No full textEye tracking has become an increasingly important tool in cognitive and developmental research, providing insights into processes that are difficult to measure otherwise. The majority of eye-tracking studies rely on accurate identification of fixations and saccades in raw data using event classification algorithms (sometimes called fixation filters). Subsequently, it is common to analyze whether fixations or saccades fall into specific areas of interest (AOI). The choice of algorithms can significantly influence study outcomes, especially in special populations such as young children or individuals with neurodevelopmental conditions, where data quality is often compromised by factors such as signal loss, poor calibration, or movement artifacts. It is therefore crucial to examine how available fixation classification algorithms affect the data set at hand as part of the eye-tracking analysis. Here, we introduce the kollaR package, an open-source R library for performing the main steps of an eye-tracking analysis from event classification to AOI-based analyses and visualizations of individual or group-level data for publications. The kollaR package was specifically designed to facilitate the selection and comparison of different event classification algorithms through visualizations. In a validation analysis, we show that results from fixation classification in kollaR are consistent with those from other software implementations of the same algorithms. We demonstrate the use of kollaR with real data from typically developing individuals and individuals with neurodevelopmental conditions, and illustrate how potential threats to validity can be identified in both high- and low-quality data
Precision Measurement of the Branching Fraction of D+ →\u86\u92 μ+νμ
No full textUsing 20.3 fb-1 of e+e- collision data collected at a center-of-mass energy of Ec.m. = 3.773 GeV with the BESIII detector operating at the BEPCII collider, we determine the branching fraction of the leptonic decay D+ → μ+νμ to be (4.034±0.080stat±0.040syst) x 10-4. Interpreting our measurement with knowledge of the Fermi coupling constant GF, the masses of the D+ and μ+ as well as the lifetime of the D+, we determine fD+|Vcd| = (48.02±0.48stat±0.24syst±0.12input±0.15EM) MeV after taking into account necessary radiative corrections. This result is a factor of 2.3 more precise than the previous best measurement. Using the value of the magnitude of the c → d Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix element |Vcd| given by the global standard model fit, we obtain the D+ decay constant fD+ = (213.5±2.1stat±1.1syst±0.8input±0.7EM) MeV. Alternatively, using the value of fD+ from a precise lattice quantum chromodynamics calculation, we extract |Vcd| = 0.2265±0.0023stat±0.0011syst±0.0009input±0.0007EM.For complete list of authors see http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/gb8v-4rnh</p
Climate Change and the Green Transition : Double Burden for Indigenous Sámi Reindeer Herding Communities
No full textThis article presents a case study examining climate injustices faced by Indigenous Sámi reindeer herding communities in Sweden, within the context of climate change and the green transition. Drawing from critical discourse analysis, the study identifies four key patterns of injustice: (1) Swedish public authorities do not fully recognize the disproportionate effects of climate change on the Sámi population; (2) the cumulative effects of being negatively impacted by both climate change and the green transition create a double burden that is insufficiently addressed by authorities and companies, which risk hindering Indigenous rights by threatening traditional practices (3) current consultation mechanisms are inadequate for meaningfully influencing land management issues, as consultations mainly involve information exchange; and (4) the traditional Sámi knowledge, Árbediethu, passed down through generations, is often downplayed in institutional settings, where seemingly just processes can lead to unjust outcomes. The green transition's parallels with the historical colonization of Sápmi have led scholars and Sámi actors to describe it as a new form of colonialism. The study concludes that achieving Indigenous climate justice requires prioritizing Sámi rights, leveraging Indigenous knowledge, and expanding the focus beyond solely emission reduction to foster sustainable societies that address power imbalances and systemic injustices
Patienters erfarenheter av vårdpersonalens bemötande på akutmottagningen : En litteraturöversikt
No full textIntroduction: The emergency department constitutes a complex healthcare environment characterized by time pressure, high patient flow, and staff shortages. This creates challenges for healthcare professionals in maintaining good communication, trust, and respect for patients’ integrity. Previous studies highlight deficiencies in patient encounters, which may cause feelings of insecurity and reduce trust in healthcare staff. Knowledge about patients’ experiences of encounters in the emergency department is limited. Aim: To explore patients’ experiences of nurse-patient relationship in the emergency department. Method: A literature review based on qualitative studies. The literature search was conducted in the PubMed database, and eleven original articles were included after quality assessment. Thereafter, result analyses were carried out for all of them. Results: The analysis resulted in three main categories: The importance of information and communication in the encounter, in which patients’ needs for adapted information and the effect of non-verbal communication are highlighted. The importance of respect and dignity in the encounter, where being seen as a person rather than a medical condition and the need to be listened to are emphasized and The importance of healthcare professionals’ competence and accessibility, describing the value of professionals introducing themselves with name and title, acting professionally, and respecting patients’ integrity. Conclusion: When the encounter is characterized by good communication and the patient feels seen, cared for, and met with empathy from healthcare staff, the experience of safety and participation is strengthened. When this is lacking, the emergency department can become an unsafe and exposing environment. The study shows that patients may feel dehumanized, frustrated, and uncertain. Despite the strained environment, staff need to strive to create good encounters based on a person-centered approach.Introduktion: Akutmottagningen utgör en komplex vårdmiljö som präglas av tidspress, högt patientflöde och personalbrist. Detta skapar utmaningar för vårdpersonalen i att upprätthålla god kommunikation, förtroende och respekt för patientens integritet. Tidigare studier framhåller brister i bemötandet, vilket kan orsaka otrygghet och minska förtroendet för vårdpersonalen. Kunskap om patienternas erfarenheter av bemötandet på akutmottagningen är begränsat. Syfte: Var att utforska patienters erfarenheter av bemötandet från vårdpersonal på akutmottagningen. Metod: En litteraturöversikt baserad på kvalitativa studier. Litteratursökningen utfördes i databasen PubMed och elva orginalartiklar inkluderades efter kvalitetsanalys. Därefter genomfördes resultatanalys av artiklarna. Resultat: Analysen resulterade i tre huvudkategorier: Betydelsen av information och kommunikation i mötet, i vilket patienternas behov av anpassad information och kommunikation samt effekten av icke-verbal kommunikation belyses. Betydelsen av respekt och värdighet i mötet, där bland annat betydelsen av att bli sedd som en person istället för ett sjukdomstillstånd och behovet av att bli lyssnad på betonas. Betydelsen av vårdpersonalens kompetens och tillgänglighet i mötet, beskriver vikten av att vårdpersonal presenterar sig med tillhörande profession, agerar professionellt och respekterar patienternas integritet. Slutsats: När bemötandet präglas av god kommunikation och patienten känner sig sedd, omhändertagen och möts av empati från vårdpersonalen, stärks upplevelsen av trygghet och delaktighet. När detta uteblir, kan akutmottagningen istället förvandlas till en otrygg och utlämnande plats. Studien visar att patienter kan känna sig avhumaniserade, frustrerade och osäkra. Trots den ansträngda miljön på akutmottagningen behöver personalen sträva efter att skapa ett gott bemötande utifrån ett personcentrerat förhållningssätt.
Metric isometries, holography, and continuous symmetry operators
No full textIn the AdS/CFT correspondence, a topological symmetry operator of the boundary conformal field theory (CFT) is dual to a dynamical brane in the gravitational bulk. Said differently, this predicts a dynamical brane for every global symmetry of the boundary CFT. We analyze this correspondence for continuous symmetries which arise from a consistent truncation of isometries on the "internal" factor X of AdS x X. In the extra-dimensional geometry, these branes are associated with various metric singularities and do not arise from wrapped D-branes. Boosts relate configurations interpreted as topological symmetry operators and heavy defects in the CFT. From the perspective of the AdS factor, with gravity and bulk gauge fields, these are codimension-2 Gukov-Witten-like vortex configurations which are the gravity duals of 0-form symmetry operators. These effective branes come with an asymptotic tension and size which is also fully fixed by bulk dynamics. We use this higher-dimensional perspective to determine properties of the worldvolume theory for these branes. We also discuss how these considerations generalize to more general quantum field theories engineered via string theory which need not possess a semiclassical gravity dual