Publikationer från Uppsala Universitet
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Acute Restraint Stress Impairs Aversive Memory Retention but Not Memory Formation
No full textStress can alter neurochemical signalling, affecting memory processing, but its underlying neurobiological mechanism remains unclear. Here, we investigate the effect of acute restraint stress (ARS) on long-term retention of aversive memory in rats. We exposed the animals to either handling or an ARS protocol and tested the rats in the plus-maze discriminative avoidance task (PMDAT). Also, we performed immunohistochemistry assays to unveil the effect of stress on neuronal activity. We found that ARS immediately after training does not impair memory formation but hinders retention. Training triggers a peak of C-fos 1 h later and a delayed 18 h increase in Zif268 in dorsal CA1. The same does not occur when ARS is experienced immediately after training. We demonstrated that the crucial role of Zif268 and C-fos signalling in maintaining PMDAT LTM. ARS is more relevant for memory retention than for the formation of discriminative aversive memory
Swedish study participants undergoing research bronchoscopy - a tolerable or unpleasant experience?
No full textIntroduction: Flexible bronchoscopy is regarded as a safe examination and is commonly used in the diagnostic work-up for lung diseases, but is also important in pulmonary research. We aimed to investigate participants' experiences when undergoing bronchoscopy in a research setting. Methods: Participants were recruited from the Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study (SCAPIS). A subset from this cohort (n = 45, mean age 60.5 years, 20 with normal lung function and 25 with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, COPD) was selected for bronchoscopy. The procedure was explained both orally and in writing during a pre-procedure visit. The information included premedication, monitoring, local anesthesia, airway sampling [bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), bronchial wash, and mucosal biopsies], and urine and blood samples. Questionnaires pre- and/or post-procedure were used to assess experiences and health impacts. Results: In general, participants found the bronchoscopy procedure acceptable and only a few (18%) found it unpleasant. A majority (80%) reported their experience to be much better or as expected. Almost all participants (93%) were very satisfied with the information provided. Topical anesthesia was seen as more unpleasant (20%) than airway sampling (11%). Notably, more women and participants with normal lung function reported BAL as unpleasant. After the procedure, chills, fever, and hemoptysis were reported, but no serious adverse events occurred. Increased cough and phlegm were noted. Conclusion: The present study, conducted by experienced bronchoscopists and healthcare teams, demonstrates that a bronchoscopy in a research setting in well-informed participants with normal lung function or COPD was well-tolerated
Search for the Bc+ →\u86\u92 χc1(3872)π+ decay
No full textA search for the decay Bc+ → χc1(3872)π+ is reported using proton-proton collision data collected with the LHCb detector between 2011 and 2018 at centre-of-mass energies of 7, 8, and 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 9 fb-1. No significant signal is observed. Using the decay Bc+ → ψ(2S)π+ as a normalisation channel, an upper limit for the ratio of branching fractions Rψ(2S)χc1(3872) = (BBc+ → χc1(3872)π+ / BBc+ → ψ(2S)π+) x (Bχc1(3872) → J/ψπ+π-) / (Bψ(2S) → J/ψπ+π-) < 0.05(0.06), is set at the 90 (95)% confidence level.For complete list of authors see http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/JHEP06(2025)013</p
Factors associated with malnutrition among older people in Swedish short-term care : Poor oral health, dysphagia and mortality
No full textObjectives To investigate the relationship between malnutrition and potential contributing factors such as poor oral health, dysphagia and mortality among older people in short-term care.Methods This cross-sectional study is a part of the multidisciplinary multicentre project SOFIA (Swallowing function, Oral health and Food Intake in old Age), which includes older people (>= 65 years) in 36 short-term care units in five regions of Sweden. Nutritional status was measured with version II of the Minimal Eating Observation and Nutrition Form (MEONF-II), oral health with the Revised Oral Assessment Guide (ROAG), dysphagia with a water swallow test, and the mortality rate was followed for 1 year. Data were analysed using descriptive analysis and logistic regression models to calculate odds ratios for the association between malnutrition and these factors.Results Among the 391 participants, the median age was 84 years and 53.3% were women. Mortality rate was 25.1% within 1 year in the total group, and was higher among malnourished participants than among their well-nourished counterparts. Severe dysphagia (OR: 6.51, 95% CI: 2.40-17.68), poor oral health (OR: 5.73, 95% CI: 2.33-14.09) and female gender (OR: 2.2, 95% CI: 1.24-3.93) were independently associated with malnutrition.Conclusion Mortality rate was higher among malnourished people than those who were well nourished. Severe dysphagia, poor oral health and female gender was predictors of malnutrition among older people in short-term care. These health risks should be given more attention in short-term care with early identification
Differentiated Presynaptic Input to OLMɑ2 Cells Along the Hippocampal Dorsoventral Axis : Implications for Hippocampal Microcircuit Function
No full textThe dorsal and ventral hippocampus have distinct processing properties, but it remains unclear if interneuron subtypes differ in connectivity along the dorsoventral axis. Oriens lacunosum-moleculare (OLM) interneurons, identified by the Chrna2 gene, are known to regulate memory processes differently along this axis. OLMɑ2 cells bidirectionally modulate risk-taking behavior, while ventral hippocampal medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC)-projecting neurons regulate approach and avoidance behaviors. Using rabies virus-mediated monosynaptic retrograde tracing, we show that OLMɑ2 cells receive differential innervation across the dorsal, intermediate, and ventral hippocampus. We find that CA1 and CA3 inputs differ between hippocampal poles, suggesting that OLMɑ2 cells may have distinct feedback and feed-forward inhibitory roles in the hippocampal microcircuit. Intermediate OLMɑ2 cells uniquely receive substantial input from the subiculum and dorsal/medial raphe nuclei, as well as widespread CA2 inputs potentially linked to social memory. The medial septum and diagonal band of Broca provide cholinergic, GABAergic, and glutamatergic inputs across the axis, likely influencing disinhibition and oscillatory activity during various behavioral states. Excitatory input to intermediate-ventral OLMɑ2 cells partly arises from CA1 projection neurons targeting the mPFC. This suggests a gate-switching function that favors CA3 input to projection neurons by two different mechanisms related to feedback and feed-forward inhibition. In conclusion, OLMɑ2 cells exhibit distinct presynaptic input profiles along the dorsoventral axis, with major differences in the proportions of intrahippocampal inputs, highlighting their diverse roles in hippocampal microcircuits
A clarion call to the addiction science community : It's time to resist the anti-scientific policies of the US Trump administration
No full textArctic‐breeding black‐legged kittiwakes show individual variation in foraging responses to glacial conditions without consequences for reproductive output
No full textBehavioural plasticity is likely to influence how individuals continue to access resources under rapid climate change. Plasticity will be particularly important at highly dynamic, prey-rich foraging areas such as upwelling fronts of marine-terminating glaciers in the high Arctic, where profitability varies significantly across space and time. Understanding individual variation in plasticity and its adaptive potential is crucial to understand a populations flexibility to future climate scenarios. By analysing GPS data from 186 black-legged kittiwakes Rissa tridactyla breeding in the high Arctic over six years, we quantified individual variation in behavioural plasticity in use of glacial fronts and its relationship with the number of chicks produced. Variation in the relationship between glacial use and levels of discharged meltwater was primarily explained by differences in food availability between years. Whereas there was no significant relationship between discharge rates and glacier use in years of low zooplankton biomass, the probability of glacial front use and time spent at glaciers decreased in years when food was more abundant, despite high discharge and likely good conditions at the front. Interestingly, neither glacial use nor plasticity in foraging during the breeding season correlated with the number of surviving chicks, suggesting that all individuals still obtained enough food for reproduction. Understanding the complex nature of individual variation in plasticity and when it is likely to be adaptive will be the first step in highlighting when plasticity can be used to predict how species will respond to rapidly changing environments
7Li NMR Chemical Shifts in Battery-Relevant Electrolytes : Ligand-Induced Shifts Cancel in Both Experiment and Calculation
No full textLi-7 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments in the literature have shown that lowering the concentration from 1 M to 0.1 M of LiPF6 salt dissolved in a 50:50 mixture of ethylene carbonate (EC) and dimethyl carbonate (DMC) has only a minor effect on the Li chemical shift (approximate to 0.1 ppm). This is unexpected as the number of Li+-PF6- contact ion pairs is expected to be large in the 1 M solution but small in the more dilute solution. The aim of this study is to explore how the chemical shifts for the two solutions can differ so little despite the fact that the ion pair concentration differs markedly between the two solutions. To resolve this apparent paradox, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation results from the literature are combined with density functional theory-based chemical shift calculations. The calculated chemical shifts are in good agreement with the experimental values for both the 1 M and 0.1 M solutions, and so is the small chemical shift difference between them, which can be rationalized in terms of a cancellation of many contributions of opposite signs to the Li-7 chemical shifts. The workflow considers effects of both short-time and long-time dynamical averaging
Getting Peace to Work: a process-tracing exploration of UN-led Triple Nexus coordination in Cameroon
No full textThe ‘system doesn’t work’ is possibly the most common refrain within foreign aid policy circles. Several reform agendas have emerged over the decades to try and address the shortcomings of the sector. The Humanitarian-Development-Peace (HDP) Nexus, or Triple Nexus, is but the latest attempt in this tradition. While policy actors at the global level, especially the United Nations and institutional donors, have embraced this purportedly novel approach, country-level implementation has struggled. The novelty of the addition of peace to longstanding discussions of a potential humanitariandevelopment double nexus is what motivates the present investigation into the reasons that explain the limited integration of peace actors within UN-led Triple Nexus coordination. This process-tracing exploration focuses on the case study of Cameroon, a relatively successful Triple Nexus pilot country, between 2019 and 2025 to unpack the mechanisms that underlie the limited engagement of peace actors by Triple Nexus coordination. The research adopts a well-established qualitative approach, Explaining Outcome Process-Tracing, because of its capacity to integrate inductive, deductive, and abductive reasoning for the development and testing of causal mechanisms. Primary data collection consisted of 20 semi-structured interviews in both French and English. Findings from a first stage of six interviews suggested that the limited integration of the peace pillar within UN-led Triple Nexus coordination might be explained by one of three theories. These three potential causal narratives were centred respectively around (a) the weak intra-pillar cohesion and inter-pillar connections of the peace pillar, (b) humanitarian organisations’ principled pushback against peace actors, and (c) the scarcity of peace-specific funding made available by institutional donors. As part of two months of fieldwork in Yaoundé (Cameroon), an additional fourteen interviews were conducted to test these three theories. During this second research stage, evidence collected pointed to the fact that none of the three theories sufficiently accounted for the limited integration of peace actors within Triple Nexus coordination in Cameroon. This made a fundamental revision necessary. Leveraging abductive and inductive reasoning, a fourth theory was developed. This newly developed crowding-out theory argues that with country-level Triple Nexus operationalisation, individual organisations start to integrate the Triple Nexus approach within their own strategic frameworks. With this integration, individual donors take an interest for cross-pillar programming and pilot opportunities for integrated funding. To access these funds, organisations in turn begin subcontracting peace activities to local actors or develop internal peacebuilding capacities. By limiting the funding available for purer forms of peace programming, organisational-level integration of peacebuilding, mostly at project-level, ends up crowding out peace actors and limiting their integration within UN-led Triple Nexus coordination
