Publikationer från Uppsala Universitet
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Managing the unmanageable challenge of sustainable development : An innovative framework
No full textMuch organisational effort has been poured into the quest for sustainable development. However, several crucial challenges remain. The pursuit of sustainability means addressing dimensions as diverse as energy, ecology, psychology, society, and the economy. Then there is the question of optimisation of initiatives now and in the future. There is also the question of satisfying the full spectrum of stakeholders and their divergent, often conflicting interests. Right now, there is no perfect approach to the pursuit of sustainable development. The notion of global optimisation is practically impossible. Meanwhile, narrow-, short-sighted approaches ignore the myriad aspects that must be considered. This paper proposes a novel approach to sustainable development by presenting a conceptual framework built on several bodies of theory. Its novelty derives from its ability to guide critical reflection on the limitations of sustainable development efforts and thereby help manage the unmanageable challenge of sustainable development as effectively as possible
Standardizing the reporting of postoperative hypoparathyroidism following thyroidectomy : consensus statement from the European Society of Endocrine Surgeons, the American Association of Endocrine Surgeons, and the International Association of Endocrine Surgeons
No full textFederated Diffusion Models for Vehicular Applications
No full textThis thesis investigates the application of diffusion-based object detection in federated learning environments for vehicular detection and perception systems. While diffusion models have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in centralized settings, their compatibility with distributed training setups remains largely unexplored. We implement and evaluate federated DiffusionDet against established YOLO based approaches on the KITTI autonomous driving dataset, examining performance under varying data distributions and local training configurations. DiffusionDet achieves competitive detection performance in centralized settings with mAP50-95 of 67.0%, compared to YOLOv8n’s 65.2%. Transition to federated implementations resulted in lowered performance for both models, but the decrease was severe in the latter. The nature of data distribution across clients also affects performance, but to lesser degree. Extended local training strategies partially mitigate the challenge of low performance in federated settings, as seen in federated DiffusionDet mAP50-95 boost from 32.8% to 68.7% with five times more local training. The thesis project demonstrates that federated diffusion detection is not only feasible but also it has a potential to become competitive tool with further refinement
Advancing near-surface seismic investigations for mineral exploration
No full textEnhanced mineral exploration is essential for supporting the energy transition and meeting the societal demand for green energy and sustainable development. Advancements in prospecting and mining technologies are necessary to support this shift. Seismic methods offer clear benefits for subsurface imaging and monitoring, but conventional reflection seismic imaging involves high operational costs and often presents logistical difficulties. Hardrock environments, commonly associated with mineral exploration, pose additional challenges for seismic data acquisition and processing due to strong metamorphism and low acoustic impedance contrasts. These limitations underscore the need to mitigate operational risks and costs, while also continuing to develop and adapt seismic methods and new technologies for mineral exploration. This thesis is a compilation of case studies focused on unconventional applications of seismic methods and sources. The applications include seismic-while-drilling for drill-bit positioning, surface-wave analysis of arrivals retrieved using ambient noise interferometry, comparison of distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) with conventional sensors, and application of seismic stereometry to car-generated signals recorded with DAS. The case studies are based on data from three geophysical test sites designed for hardrock drilling, deep mineralisation targeting, and secondary resource (tailings) assessment. By testing and validating seismic methods and instruments in realistic exploration settings, this thesis addresses key challenges in mineral exploration. It demonstrates that seismic approaches beyond conventional reflection imaging can play a complementary role in modern mining and prospecting workflows, helping to reduce both the costs and risks associated with mineral exploration
Co-simulation model combining dynamic control and FEM for evaluation of PMSM drive cycle performance
No full textA novel co-simulation model, combining motor FEM simulations in Ansys Maxwell with an inverter and control system in Twin Builder and MATLAB/Simulink, is presented. The objective is to more closely resemble real-life motor performance and assess high-frequency effects and motor losses of different supply and control systems. The effects from a three-phase two-level inverter with pulse-width modulation for three different switching frequencies on motor losses, efficiency, and torque ripple have been evaluated. The results have been compared against an ideal sinusoidal current supply, ideal voltage supply and a built-in toolkit provided by Ansys Electronics. The WLTP drive cycle has been used, quantified using Energy Center of Gravity. The results show that a current source is insufficient to evaluate motor efficiency and torque ripple, with differences most visible at low energy operating points. With switching, the overall drive cycle efficiency differs by almost half a percent compared to a current source. While the switching frequency is high enough compared to the fundamental frequency, the differences in efficiency for varying switching frequencies are almost negligible. For high speeds, an efficiency increase can be seen when the switching frequency is lowered. The increase in losses due to current ripple is negated by a decrease in the average current magnitude
Gently rippled water, or frozen ice? : A look into laymens esthetic experience of historic window glass – research summary and go-along interviews
No full textVad har människor för syn på gammalt fönsterglas och hur påverkar det dem? I det här arbetet undersöks lekmäns relation till äldre fönsterglas, förmåga till identifiering av olika slags glas samt vilken betydelse fönsterglaset har för den estetiska upplevelsen av stadsmiljön och bebyggelsen Det finns tecken på att sociala värden så som estetiska aspekter undviks vid bedömningar av kulturvärden på grund av att de kan uppfattas som abstrakta eller subjektiva – trots att estetiska kvaliteter tycks ha en stor betydelse för hur människor uppfattar kulturhistoriska miljöer. Betydelsen av dessa värden lyfts inom såväl internationell kulturarvsdiskurs som nationella politiska styrdokument och målbilder. När det gäller fönsterglas märks en tendens till att dess estetiska egenskaper förbises i frågor som rör bevarande av fönster och i de senaste rättsfallen som berör utbyten av äldre fönster tas ingen hänsyn till det ursprungliga fönsterglaset och dess eventuella kvaliteter. Undersökningen har tagit avstamp i tidigare forskning om estetiska upplevelser och varseblivning av bebyggelsemiljöer och fönster. Viss kritik har riktats mot tidigare studiers bildbaserade metodval som ansetts vara ett hinder för att kunna bedöma glasets komplexa materialitet. Detta har legat till grund för en metodutveckling där kvalitativa in-situ-intervjuer inspirerade av etnografisk metod prövas och utvärderas. En blandning av strukturerade och semistrukturerade promenadintervjuer har genomförts med fem respondenter längs en utvald sträcka med äldre bebyggelse i Stockholms innerstad. Respondenter med olika profil valdes ut för att representera lekmän/gemene man. Resultaten från promenadintervjuerna tyder på att metodvalet är bättre lämpat än bildbaserade enkäter för att fånga upp glasets egenskaper. Fönster visade sig vara mycket viktiga för samtliga respondenters estetiska upplevelse och beskrivning av fasader i stadsmiljön, medan det inledningsvis var stor skillnad på om de lade märke till, samt hur de värderade det äldre fönsterglaset ur ett estetiskt perspektiv. Efter en kort introduktion till de förekommande glastyperna hade alla respondenterna/lekmännen dock förmågan att lätt skilja på fasadernas fönster med gammalt och nytt glas från gatan. Respondenternas utsagor visade också på att förståelsen för åldern hos den bebyggelse som studerades var god samt hur snabbt inställningen till äldre fönsterglas kunde omförhandlas genom endast en liten kunskapshöjning. What are people’s thoughts on historic window glass? And how does it affect them? This thesis investigates laymen’s perceptions of historic window glass and their ability to identify different types of glass. It further investigates the importance of window glass in their aesthetic experience of buildings and the urban environment. Even though aesthetic qualities seem to have a great importance for how people perceive cultural-historical environments there is a tendency to avoid aesthetic aspects in assessments of cultural values because of how they are perceived as abstract or subjective. The importance of these values is at the same time highlighted in international cultural heritage discourse as well as national political policy. When it comes to window glass, there is a tendency for its aesthetic qualities to be overlooked in matters relating to the preservation of windows. In the most recent legal cases concerning the replacement of historic windows, the window glass is not taken into account. The study departs from previous research on aesthetic experiences of the built environment and windows. Criticism is directed towards the image-based method choices of previous studies, as it is considered to make it difficult to assess the complex materiality of the glass. Instead, this thesis suggests a method where qualitative in-situ interviews, inspired by ethnographic methods are evaluated. A mix of structured and semi-structured interviews was conducted with five respondents in a selected street/area with older residential buildings in the inner city of Stockholm. Respondents with different profiles were selected to represent a laymen perspective. The results of the interviews conducted while walking and observing old buildings and historic window glass indicate that the choice of method is better suited than image-based questionnaires to capture the characteristics of glass. Windows turned out to be very important for all respondents' aesthetic experience of a building, as well as in their description of facades in the urban environment. Initially the respondents had different experiences of the buildings considering whether they noticed the glass as a materiality, as well as how the historic window glass was valued aesthetically in their statements. However, after a short introduction to the existing glass types, the respondents could easily distinguish between windows with old mouthblown or drawn glass and new glass. The respondents' statements also show an understanding of the age of the buildings studied and how quickly the attitude towards antique window glass could be renegotiated through a very small increase in knowledge.
A preclinical study on the influence of linkers in [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-X-RM26 radiotracers for PET imaging of GRPR expression
No full textBackground Gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) is overexpressed in several cancers, including prostate and breast, making it an attractive target for radiopharmaceutical development. Studies on GRPR-targeting radioligands highlight the critical role of the spacer region between the GRPR-recognition motif and radiolabeled moiety, which can significantly influence peptide pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Herein, we investigated the impact of structurally restricted spacers on the performance of RM26-based radioligands. Results Three novel radioligands were designed to each bear a NOTA chelator via different spacers composed of N-acetyl-lysine followed by either o-ethyltoluene (oET), o-methylanisole (oMA), or m-methylanisole (mMA) motifs. The peptides were successfully labeled with Ga-68, achieving high radiochemical yield, purity, and molar activity. The resulting [68Ga]-labeled peptides demonstrated high and GRPR-specific binding to prostate cancer PC-3 cells, antagonistic behavior, and the IC50 values to GRPR were in the single-digit nanomolar range. Biodistribution studies at 2 h post-injection in PC-3 xenograft-bearing mice revealed high, GRPR-mediated tumor uptake for all three radioligands. In addition, high hepatobiliary excretion with elevated uptake in the liver and the gastrointestinal tract and pronounced pancreatic uptake were observed. Conclusions Among the three radioligands, the peptide bearing the N-acetyl-lysine-oET spacer exhibited the fastest background clearance and better PET imaging of prostate cancer xenografts. The incorporation of conformationally restricted spacers is a promising strategy for developing tracers with high GRPR binding and good imaging properties, but further optimization is necessary to reduce uptake in healthy tissues.De två första författarna delar förstaförfattarskapetDe två sista författarna delar sistaförfattarskapetAuthors in the list of papers of Esther Olaniran Håkansson's thesis: Olaniran Håkansson, E., Zelepukin, I.V., Obeid, K., Bitzios, A., Bezverkhniaia, E., Sunkara, A., Orlova, A., Odell, L.R., Kanellopoulos, P.</p
TCP-Fuzzer : A revamped and modern implementation ofstate-fuzzing for TCP
No full textProtocol state fuzzing is a method for constructing state machine representations of protocol behavior in a black-box manner. These state machines can then be used for things such as model-based conformance testing or fingerprinting. Implementations of state fuzzing for TCP exist but are oftentimes outdated and difficult to run on modern machines, to this end TCP-Fuzzer has been developed. TCP-Fuzzer is a tool which implements state fuzzing for TCP using modern technologies in order to be simple to install and configure on modern machines. This thesis covers the implementation details of TCP-Fuzzer as well as possible future improvements to the tool. In addition TCP-Fuzzer is used to learn the state machines of the Windows, Linux and macOS TCP stacks. Showing that they mostly conform to the TCP specification, with one instance of non-conformance found for the macOS model
A Diastereoselective Mizoroki-Heck Reaction for Synthesis of Spirooxindole-Based Nonnatural Amino Acids Using a Boc-Protected Amine Chiral Auxiliary
No full textNonnatural amino acids are pivotal for expanding the functional diversity of peptides and proteins, enabling novel therapeutic opportunities. Mono-Boc-protected spirocyclization precursors have been developed as versatile intermediates for the diastereoselective synthesis of spirooxindole-based nonnatural amino acids by the Mizoroki-Heck reaction. Catalytic hydrogenation produced cyclopentyl derivatives, expanding the diversity of these amino acids. Furthermore, one spirooxindole derivative was incorporated into a tripeptide by solid-phase peptide synthesis on Rink amide resin to demonstrate its potential in peptide modification and drug development
Separation of Powers
No full textChapter 6 on Separation of Powers offers a comprehensive exploration of how the balance of power between the judiciary and other branches of government plays out in climate litigation. The authors critically analyse key cases where these doctrines have been invoked, shedding light on how these doctrines shape the courts’ approach to climate cases. They underscore the significant variation in how this issue is dealt with across jurisdictions, acknowledging the diversity of constitutional and legal frameworks globally. Despite this diversity, the authors distil an emerging best practice where courts are increasingly recognising their crucial role in safeguarding fundamental rights and constitutional values in the context of climate change. This recognition is not a one-directional or universal trend but a nuanced evolution detectable across various jurisdictions and legal systems