Publikationer från Uppsala Universitet
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Vågkraft som energikälla för vätgas i Göteborgs hamn : Simulering av punktabsorberande vågkraftverk och desskapacitet att försörja hamninfrastruktur
No full text Göteborgs hamn står inför en omfattande energiomställning för att minska klimatpåverkan och ersätta användningen av fossila bränslen med hållbara alternativ. I denna studie undersöks potentialen för att utnyttja vågkraft som energikälla för produktion av fossilfria bränslena; vätgas, metanol och ammoniak. Med hjälp av vågdata från Fugro Oceanor simuleras energiproduktionen från en modellerad vågkraftspark placerad i havsområden utanför Göteborg. Effektuttaget från vågkraftparken jämförs med den beräknade effektproduktionen från ett simulerat, havsbaserat vindkraftverk, där vinddata från SMHI ligger till grund för beräkningarna. Den årliga elproduktionen från vågkraftverket, som beräknas till cirka 8 GWh beroende på geografiskt läge, används för beräkningar av vätgasproduktion genom elektrolys, som sedan transformeras sedan till de mer kommersiellt attraktiva drivbränslena metanol och ammoniak. Resultaten visar att en tillsammans med hamnens befintliga elbehov kommer Göteborgs hamn vid omställning till användningen av metanol eller ammoniak att ha en elkonsumtion på 20 till 21 GWh årligen. Slutsatserna är att vågkraftsparker i området har potential att täcka hamnens energibehov, och att metanol och ammoniak producerade från vätgas har har goda möjligheter att användas som energibärare i hamnen och framtida energisystem
Speaking anxiety and the validity of oral examinations in French as a foreign language
No full textThe Swedish school documents do not explicitly address the dilemma of speaking anxiety amongst pupils. Therefore, in Sweden it is up to each teacher to individually interpret the grading criteria when assessing a pupil’s language ability. Speaking anxiety is already a well-established factor in how well a second language speaker can convey their language competences, but this study brings speaking anxiety to the forefront as not only a factor which affects the learner, but also the validity of their assessment. Through an inductive qualitative method combining interviews and questionnaires, we have been able to map out how speaking anxiety is handled in Swedish foreign language examinations thanks to personal accounts from both teachers and pupils. With a base in validity theory and previous research on speaking anxiety in the classroom, we have been able to find a dilemma in how speaking anxiety is handled that renders the oral evaluation of pupils with speaking anxiety invalid in their approach. All participating teachers concurred that speaking anxiety is an issue that must be addressed, and that the classroom environment should not be inducive of such stress and therefore they choose to ignore speaking anxiety altogether when assessing communicative competences. This being judged as the ‘fair’ thing to do, despite this somewhat going against the directions of the Swedish school documents. Therefore, since this was confirmed as a global issue amongst teachers and pupils alike, the dilemma of speaking anxiety must be addressed in foreign language classrooms
Lifetime Exposure to Violence and Early Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in a Healthy Swedish Cohort
No full textBackground: Violence exposure has been associated with cardiovascular disease. Less is known about underlying mechanisms, including early cardiometabolic risk factors, and possible sex differences of such associations. Methods: We used data from the Swedish LifeGene study on 23 215 men and women, aged 18 to 50 years. Participants answered the Life Stressor Checklist-Revised regarding physical and sexual violence alongside questions on medical diagnoses of hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and smoking history in 2009 to 2016. At a clinical visit, blood pressure, body mass index, glycated hemoglobin, total cholesterol, apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein A1 ratio, and hs-CRP (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein) were measured. Modified Poisson and linear regression were used to test the association between violence and cardiometabolic risk factors. Results: At mean age 33 ± 8 years, lifetime exposure to violence was reported by 23% of women and 15% of men. Those exposed to violence reported higher prevalence of smoking (prevalence ratio [PR], 1.74 [95% CI, 1.56-1.94]) and diagnosis of hypertension (PR, 1.36 [95% CI, 1.15-1.60]) but not hyperlipidemia (PR, 1.06 [95% CI, 0.82-1.36]). Men and women exposed to violence had higher body mass index (Beta, 0.45 [95% CI, 0.39-0.63]) and hs-CRP (Beta, 0.08 [95% CI, 0.04-0.13]), after multivariable adjustment, whereas no differences were observed in glycated hemoglobin (B, 0.04 [95% CI, -0.11 to 0.18]) or total cholesterol (Beta, -0.01 [95% CI, -0.05 to 0.02]), and systolic blood pressure was marginally lower among individuals exposed to violence (B, -0.42 [95% CI, -0.78 to -0.06]). Conclusions: In a young healthy Swedish sample, lifetime exposure to physical and/or sexual violence was associated with some but not all early cardiometabolic risk factors among both men and women
Should the Family Law Protection for Surviving Cohabitants be Strengthened? : A Legal Policy Analysis of the Swedish System of Protection With Comparative Insights from Norwegian Law
No full textBetween energy transition and industrial revival : Exploring hydrogen imaginaries in the United Kingdom and Teesside
No full textHydrogen is increasingly positioned as a key enabler of global net-zero transitions, hailed for its versatility and low-carbon emissions potential. Yet hydrogen's nascent future is contested, with divergent visions of its role across technological, political and geographical contexts. In this paper, we employ the concept of sociotechnical imaginaries (STIs) to explore the emergence and interaction of two hydrogen STIs in the United Kingdom: a national imaginary promoted by the British state through energy policies and a regional vision centred on Teesside in Northeast England, shaped by the local industrial legacy, incumbent actors and existing industrial infrastructures. We do so by drawing on three strands within the STI literature-emerging imaginaries, national-regional dynamics and the role of materialities in shaping energy futures-to examine how these STIs co-produce hydrogen futures with political strategies, existing infrastructures and socio-economic agendas. We find that the national imaginary envisions hydrogen as a novel, flexible and frictionless decarbonisation solution-a scalable energy carrier enabling a smooth transition to net zero while sustaining current market norms and lifestyles. In contrast, Teesside's regional imaginary is grounded in place-based assets, legacy infrastructure and a broader strategy of industrial renewal. It prioritises rapid deployment and favours blue hydrogen as a cost-effective, near-term option. Our analysis reveals a tension between the national vision's speculative openness and Teesside's materially grounded trajectory. While the national STI embraces ambiguity to keep options open, the regional imaginary anchors hydrogen in fossil-based industrial infrastructures and economic realities. We argue that hydrogen imaginaries (and transitions) are shaped not just by technical potential but by power-laden materialities-such as infrastructure ownership and resource dependencies-that stabilise or contest competing energy futures
Ultrafast, remote-controlled protonation reaction enables structural changes in a phytochrome
No full textIn photoactive proteins, coupling between the chromophore and protein matrix is exquisitely tuned. Proton transfer reactions can mediate this coupling, as in proton-coupled electron transfer and excited-state proton transfer. Additional mechanisms involving proton dislocations may exist but remain undiscovered. Here, we present a femtosecond crystallographic movie of the phytochrome from Deinococcus radiodurans. The structures reveal a space-conserving mechanism for rotation of the D-ring in the excited state. We observe rearrangement of a conserved hydrogen bond network within 300 fs, which precedes the isomerization reaction of the chromophore. Aided by molecular modeling and independently confirmed by femtosecond infrared spectroscopy, we attribute these changes to a protonation shift of the strictly conserved histidine-260. Although this histidine lies close to the photoexcited π-orbitals of the chromophore, it is not directly part of them. We propose that this “remote-controlled” proton transfer relays photoexcitation near-instantaneously to the protein matrix. This mechanism may be widely used to transduce cofactor signals to their hosting enzymes.De tre första författarna delar förstaförfattarskapet</p
A New Approach to Data-Model Comparisons : Using MAGE and Lompe to Unravel Ionosphere-Magnetosphere Electrodynamics
No full textGlobal numerical simulations are valuable tools for understanding the Sun-Earth interaction as they provide a more thorough picture of the system when compared to typically sparse observations. Yet, comparisons of these global models against observations is complicated by the inherent uncertainty that the observed phenomena occurred at the same time and location in the simulation domain. Therefore, aggregate measures of the Sun-Earth interaction, such as activity indices (e.g., AL, AU, Dst, cross polar-cap potential), are often used, with the downside of missing important underlying physical processes, especially at the mesoscales. Metrics or parameters that provide deeper insight into the physics but do not rely precisely on the location of the observations are therefore needed. Data assimilative models can be used to reconstruct high-latitude ionospheric electrodynamic quantities using sparse observations, providing a new avenue for data-model comparisons. We demonstrate this new approach to data-model comparisons by assimilating global simulation output from Multiscale Atmosphere-Geospace Environment (MAGE) into Local mapping of the polar ionospheric electrodynamics (Lompe). We directly compare and find good agreement between the simulation output and real-data-assimilation patterns of field-aligned currents and their constituent terms deriving from the divergence of the ionospheric Ohm's Law. We further calculate reconnection electric fields and voltages and find good agreement during the initial expansion phase, but different behavior later in the event as MAGE enters into steady-magnetospheric convection, in contrast to the observations, which indicated a classic substorm
Neural evidence for the effects of behavioral memory updating following fear conditioning
No full textExposure therapy for the treatment of pain-related disability relies on extinction learning, forming new safety memories inhibiting fear expression. However, fear often returns. The behavioral memory updating hypothesis posits that a fear memory can be 'updated' to a safe memory while in a malleable state, preventing return-of-fear. To test this hypothesis, 78 adolescents with and without chronic pain (age: Mean=15 y, range=10-24 y) were recruited for a two-day neuroimaging study. Due to incomplete data/excess motion, 55 participants (pain=38; pain-free=17) were included in MRI data analysis. Participants underwent a fear conditioning protocol with a within-subjects 'updating' manipulation: one CS+ (CS+Reminded [CS+R]) was reactivated to achieve a malleable state before extinction, while a second (CS+Not Reminded [CS+NR]) was not. We observed significantly less functional connectivity between the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and the amygdala for the CS+R and CS- compared to the CS+NR, consistent with the purported change in neural circuitry underlying the 'updating' effect, however observed no credible difference in fear ratings between the CS+R and CS+NR. This discrepancy may be crucial to understanding the mixed findings in the field and indicates that while some form of 'updating' may occur, it may be insufficient to reduce reported fear
Measurement of the ψ\u88(2S) to J/ψ\u88 cross-section ratio as a function of centrality in PbPb collisions at √\u88\u9asNN=5.02 TeV
No full textThe ratio of prompt production cross-sections of ψ(2S) and J/ψ mesons in their dimuon final state is measured as a function of centrality, using data collected by the LHCb detector in PbPb collisions at √sNN = 5.02 TeV, for the first time in the forward rapidity region. The measured ratio shows no dependence on the collision centrality, and is compared to the latest theory predictions and to the recent measurements in literature.For complete list of authors see http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/JHEP07(2025)235</p
Primary and Secondary Symbionts of Cambodian Cicadellidae and the Role of Parasitisation
No full textLeafhoppers (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) are important vectors of plant pathogens in agricultural systems. Biological control via parasitisation is a key management strategy, but little is known about how microbial symbionts mediate host-parasitoid interactions. Here, we characterise the bacterial communities of six Cambodian leafhopper species (Cofana spectra, Exitianus sp., Goniagnathus punctifer, Maiestas dorsalis, Nephotettix virescens, and Stirellus sp.) and their parasitoids from the families Dryinidae (Hymenoptera) and Halictophagidae (Strepsiptera). We found that the bacterial symbiont Sulcia dominates cicadellid microbiotas, often coexisting with secondary symbionts. For example, Nasuia is present alongside Sulcia in Nephotettix, while Wolbachia is prevalent in Exitianus and Goniagnathus. Parasitoids exhibited distinct microbiotas with greater diversity; Rhodobacteraceae and Comamonadaceae were in dryinids, while Wolbachia was common in Halictophagidae. We analysed the microbiota of individual pairs of host-parasitoid and although parasitism did not significantly alter cicadellid overall microbiotas, some secondary symbionts (e.g., Arsenophonus, Wolbachia, Rickettsia, and Sodalis) were detected in both hosts and parasitoids, suggesting possible microbial transmission that warrants further investigation. These findings improve our understanding of host-parasitoid microbial interactions and highlight the relationship between primary and secondary symbiont communities