Publikationer från Uppsala Universitet
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Un estudio sobre el uso de la LM en el aula: desafíos y estrategias descritos por seis profesores de español
No full textEl plan de estudios de la asignatura Lenguas Modernas está influido por el enfoque comunicativo y se enfatiza el uso extensivo de la lengua meta (LM) en el aula. Sin embargo, diversas investigaciones han demostrado que el uso de la LM es insatisfactorio y se solicita más estudios sobre la enseñanza de Lenguas Modernas. Por esta razón, en este trabajo nos centramos en la lengua hablada en el aula. El objetivo ha sido obtener una visión general del uso de la LM, los aspectos que dificultan la enseñanza en el aula y las estrategias que promueven el uso del español. Nos preguntamos además cómo esas estrategias mencionadas se relacionan con el enfoque comunicativo. Para hacer eso, utilizamos entrevistas como método de investigación y realizamos seis entrevistas semiestructuradas con profesores de español. Los resultados muestran que desarrollar una relación con los alumnos en la LM resulta difícil. Además, los distintos niveles lingüísticos de los alumnos son un desafío para los profesores en cuanto a su uso de la LM. Los profesores mencionan varias estrategias para promover el uso del español de las cuales algunas son las de actividades de aprendizaje orientadas a la comunicación, el uso de expresiones hechas y la creación de un ambiente de aceptación. Concluimos que puede resultar difícil adaptar el lenguaje para que sea comprensible para todos los alumnos y que existen estrategias para promover el uso de la LM de las cuales varias están vinculadas con el enfoque comunicativo
Identification of a small molecule targeting EPLIN as a novel strategy for the treatment of pediatric neuroblastoma and medulloblastoma
No full textAmplification of the MYCN proto-oncogene serves as a key marker of aggressive disease and poor treatment outcomes in certain pediatric tumors originating from the nervous system, including neuroblastoma and medulloblastoma. However, the complex nature of the challenging MYCN protein underscores the urgent need for additional targets and therapies to tackle neuroblastoma and medulloblastoma. In this study, with a primary focus on neuroblastoma and the aim of also benefiting children with medulloblastoma, we identified FLIX5, a small compound that exhibits broad cytotoxicity against both neuroblastoma and medulloblastoma cells, primarily by triggering apoptosis. Furthermore, FLIX5 enhances the cholesterol dependency of neuroblastoma cells under conditions where mitochondrial function is impaired. FLIX5 as well shows a synergistic effect when combined with vincristine, a conventional anticancer drug, against neuroblastoma cells and organoids. Through proteome integral solubility alteration, computational molecular docking predictions, and cellular thermal shift assays for target identification and validation, FLIX5 reveals EPLIN (Epithelial Protein Lost In Neoplasm) as a previously unexplored drug target. EPLIN is involved in several cellular processes, including cholesterol uptake and mitochondrial function. The discovery of FLIX5 targeting EPLIN presents new opportunities for treating malignant pediatric tumors, with the potential to target chemoresistant dormant cancer cells and broaden its therapeutic applications to other tumor types
Host-Specific Adaptation of Legionella pneumophila to Single and Multiple Hosts
No full textLegionella pneumophila is an endosymbiotic bacterial species able to infect and reproduce in various protist and human hosts. Upon entry into human lungs, they may infect lung macrophages, causing Legionnaires' disease (LD), an atypical pneumonia, using similar mechanisms as in their protozoan hosts, despite the 2 hosts being separated by a billion years of evolution. In this study, we used experimental evolution to identify genes conferring host specificity to L. pneumophila. To this end, we passaged L. pneumophila in 2 different hosts—Acanthamoeba castellanii and the human macrophage-like cells U937—separately and by switching between the hosts twice a week for a year. In total, we identified 1,518 mutations present in at least 5% of the population at the time of sampling. Forty-nine mutations were fixed in the 18 populations at the end of the experiment. Two interesting groups of mutations included (i) mutations in 4 different strain-specific genes involved in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) synthesis, found only in the lineages passaged with A. castellanii and (ii) mutations in the gene coding for LerC, a key regulator of protein effector expression, which was independently mutated in 6 lineages grown in presence of the macrophage cells. We propose that the mutations degrading the function of the regulator LerC improve the fitness of L. pneumophila in human-derived cells and that modifications in the LPS are beneficial for growth in A. castellanii. This study is a first step in further investigating determinants of host specificity in L. pneumophila.De två första författarna delar förstaförfattarskapet</p
Framing exposure to excessive and improper lighting as light-public health
No full textExcessive or improper lighting can affect human health and well-being. However,lighting is seldom considered within frameworks analyzing the interrelationsbetween the urban environment and the health and well-being of communities.Lighting-related concerns are often conceptualized and discussed in environmentalterms through the light pollution frame. Positively, this frame emphasizes humanresponsibility for the environmental detriment and animal harm caused by lightingand promotes the discussion of aesthetics and existential dimensions connected tonocturnal darkness. Negatively, it is flawed with epistemological shortcomings andnormativity; it is prone to the risk of ideological and political polarisation and tendsto underemphasize the health implications of excessive and improper lighting. Thisstudy addresses this gap by arguing for the advantages of a public health framing oflighting-related concerns. In particular, it highlights how this perspective can bettercapture the health implications of lighting and inform urban policies. Placing lightconcerns within a public health framework entails presenting a relatively knownlandscape that resonates with the value systems of virtually everyone. This approachsupports the creation of a common, multi-stakeholder space in discussions onlighting policies, balancing considerations of urban security, safety, inclusivity, andaccessibility as different dimensions of diverse populations’ health and well-being.By emphasizing the public health dimension, this study contributes to the discourseon lighting as a determinant of health and well-being. Such a holistic frameworkaligns with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 3 on good health andwell-being by fostering conditions that advance health for all, addressing lighting notmerely as an environmental issue but as a critical public health priority
Public library services for migrants in national government policies across eight European countries : a comparative analysis
No full textIntroduction. This study is the first to explore how public library services for migrants are prioritised in national government policies across eight European countries: Denmark, Finland, Germany, Hungary, Iceland, Norway, Poland and Sweden. Method. Using a comparative case study approach, the study analyses national library and immigration policy documents from the 1970s to the present, with qualitative content analysis identifying key themes and policy developments. Analysis. The research examines policy trends, recurring themes and country-specific differences, focusing on library services for migrants in national policies. Results. The study highlights variations in how library services are incorporated into national migration policies, and how library services for migrants are included in national library policies. Influencing factors include economic migration, humanitarian crises and policy shifts. Finland, Norway and Sweden have comprehensive national policies, while Denmark and Iceland have largely relied on local initiatives, and Hungary, Germany and Poland offer limited guidance. Conclusion. This paper lays the groundwork for future research, suggesting in-depth case studies to examine national challenges and the alignment between national policies and local practices
The Child’s Right to Effective Remedies in the Swedish Legal System : Non-Pecunary Damages and Declaratory Relief in Cases of Violations of the Convention on the Rights of the Child
No full textThis thesis aims to examine the child's right to effective remedies for violations of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC), with a particular focus on two potential remedies under Swedish law: non-pecuniary damages awarded by the State and declaratory judgments. Unlike, for example, the European Convention on Human Rights, the CRC does not contain an explicit provision guaranteeing the right to an effective remedy. However, the UN Committee on the Rights of the Child has consistently emphasized that States Parties are obliged to provide accessible and effective mechanisms for children whose rights have been violated. Firstly, the thesis explores whether the CRC can, in light of the interpretive rules of international law under the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, be understood as encompassing such a right. Through a purposive interpretation of Article 4 CRC, the analysis concludes that the right to an effective remedy can be construed as an implicit obligation arising from the object and purpose of the Convention. Secondly, it is examined whether non-pecuniary damages from the State may constitute such a remedy. The analysis builds on case law from the Swedish Supreme Court recognizing State liability for non-pecuniary damage due to human rights violations in the absence of explicit statutory support. While no precedent exists concerning damages based specifically on the CRC, the study finds that Swedish law does not preclude this possibility. Thirdly, the thesis addresses declaratory judgments as an alternative remedy for children subjected to violations of their Convention rights. The conditions for admitting declaratory actions under Swedish procedural law are analyzed, including the requirements of legal relationship, uncertainty, detriment, and suitability. Recent developments, such as the “Regionens medgivande” and “Klimattalan” cases, are discussed as indicators of an evolving openness toward rights-based declaratory actions. In sum, the thesis shows that both non-pecuniary damages and declaratory judgments may, under current Swedish law, serve as remedies for violations of the CRC, and highlights how incorporation of the Convention reinforces the domestic applicability of international human rights norms and the judiciary’s growing role in safeguarding children’s rights.Det här examensarbetet syftar till att undersöka barnets rätt till effektiva rättsmedel vid överträdelser av barnkonventionen, med fokus på två potentiella rättsmedel inom svensk rätt: ideellt skadestånd från det allmänna och fastställelsedom. Till skillnad från exempelvis Europakonventionen innehåller barnkonventionen ingen uttrycklig bestämmelse om en rätt till effektiva rättsmedel. FN:s kommitté för barnets rättigheter har dock betonat att konventionsstaterna har en skyldighet att tillhandahålla effektiva mekanismer för barn som fått sina rättigheter kränkta. Den första delen av uppsatsen undersöker därför om barnkonventionen, med stöd av folkrättens tolkningsregler enligt Wienkonventionen, kan tolkas som att den faktiskt innefattar en sådan rätt. Genom en tolkning av artikel 4 i barnkonventionen dras slutsatsen att rätten till effektiva rättsmedel kan anses vara en underförstådd förpliktelse som följer av konventionens syfte och sammanhang. Därefter utreds om ideellt skadestånd från det allmänna kan utgöra ett sådant rättsmedel. Något stöd för ett ideellt skadestånd finns inte i varken inhemsk lagstiftning eller i praxis. Analysen utgår därför från den rättspraxis där Högsta domstolen har erkänt ideellt skadestånd vid rättighetsöverträdelser utan direkt lagstöd. Slutsatsen är att det är oklart om ideellt skadestånd är möjligt vid överträdelser av barnkonventionen, men att gällande rätt inte heller utesluter att en analogisk tillämpning av 3 kap. 4 § skadeståndslagen. Uppsatsen behandlar sedan fastställelsedomen som ett alternativt rättsmedel för barn. Förutsättningarna för att en fastställelsetalan avseende en överträdelse av barnkonventionen ska tas upp till prövning i domstol undersöks med utgångspunkt i 13 kap. 2 § rättegångsbalken. Därutöver analyseras rättsutvecklingen i "Regionens medgivande" och "Klimattalan", som visar på en öppning för en prövning av en sådan rättighetsbaserad fastställelsetalan. Sammantaget visar uppsatsen att det, inom ramen för gällande rätt, finns utrymme för att både ideellt skadestånd och fastställelsedom skulle kunna användas som rättsmedel vid överträdelser av barnkonventionen i Sverige. I en vidare mening illustrerar uppsatsen hur inkorporeringen av barnkonventionen stärker dess genomslag i svensk rättstillämpning och hur domstolarna gradvis förväntas axla ett större ansvar för att garantera barns rättigheter i praktiken
Kvinnors upplevelser av att leva med endometrios samt deras möten med vårdpersonal: En litteraturstudie
No full textAbstract [sv] Introduktion: Endometrios är en sjukdom som drabbar cirka 10 % av kvinnor i fertil ålder. Sjukdomen kännetecknas av att livmoderslemhinneliknande vävnad växer utanför livmodern, vilket leder till smärta och påverkar kvinnors livskvalitet negativt. Symtom på denna sjukdom kan bland annat vara nedre buksmärta, dysmenorré, smärta vid samlag och sjukdomskänsla. En fastställd diagnos kan ta flera år på grund av den bristande kunskapen och normaliseringen som uppstår inom vården. Endometrios kan även leda till fysisk och psykisk ohälsa samt påverka kvinnors sociala liv. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att beskriva kvinnors upplevelser av att leva med endometrios samt deras möten med vårdpersonal. Metod: En litteraturstudie med en kvalitativ deskriptiv design. Tio kvalitativa vetenskapliga originalartiklar inkluderades från databaserna PubMed och CINAHL. Artiklarna kvalitetsgranskades enligt SBU:s granskningsmall. Detta används som ett verktyg för att bedöma metodologiska begränsningar av kvalitativ evidenssyntes. Resultat: Resultatet presenterades i tre huvudkategorier och sju subkategorier. Huvudkategorierna som identifierades var Hälsorelaterad livskvalitet och välbefinnande, Förändringar i det vardagliga livet samt Kvinnors negativa upplevelser inom vården. Att leva med endometrios har visat sig skapa flera begränsningar i kvinnors liv, allt från den fysiska och psykiska hälsan till det sociala livet. Utöver detta har det visat sig att den bristande kunskapen och negativa upplevelserna med vårdpersonal kan leda till fördröjda och felaktiga diagnoser. Slutsats: Denna studie beskrev kvinnors upplevelser av att leva med endometrios samt bemötande inom vården. Endometrios är en osynlig sjukdom som bör lyftas fram och tas på allvar. Detta kan göras genom att utöka forskningen och kunskap kring endometrios för att säkerställa en bättre upplevelse och bemötande för dessa kvinnor.Abstract [en] Introduction: Endometriosis is a disease that affects about 10% of women of reproductive age. It is characterized by endometrium like tissue that grows outside of the uterus, which leads to pain and negatively affects women´s quality of life. Symptoms of this disease can include lower abdominal pain, dysmenorrhea, pain during intercourse and malaise. A confirmed diagnosis can take several years due to lack of knowledge and normalization that occurs in healthcare. This disease can also lead to physical and psychological health issues, as well as affect women´s social life. Aim: The aim of this study is to describe women´s experiences of living with endometriosis and their encounters with healthcare professionals. Method: A literature review with a qualitative descriptive design. Ten qualitative original scientific articles were included from the databases PubMed and CINAHL. The articles were quality-assessed using SBU – Swedish Agency for Health Technology Assessment and Assessment of Social Services. Applied as tool to assess methodological limitations of qualitative evidence synthesis. Results: The results were presented in three main categories and seven subcategories. The main categories identified were Health related quality of life and well being, Changes in everyday life and Women's negative experiences in healthcare. Living with endometriosis has been shown to create several limitations in women´s lives, ranging from physical and mental health to social life. In addition, it has been shown that the lack of knowledge and negative experiences with healthcare professionals can lead to delayed and incorrect diagnoses. Conclusion: This study described women's experiences of living with endometriosis and their treatment in healthcare. Endometriosis is an invisible disease that should be highlighted and taken seriously. This can be done by expanding research and knowledge on endometriosis to ensure a better experience and treatment for these women
Evaluation of the removal efficiency of perfluoroalkyl substances in drinking water using electro chemical oxidation
No full textPer- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are anthropogenic organic compounds that have been widely used since the 1950s due to their desirable chemical properties. Their water-, grease, and dirt-repellent characteristics, combined with chemical stability and heat resistance, have made them useful in everything from firefighting foams (AFFF) and food packaging to textiles and non-stick coatings. These properties, along with their strong carbon-fluorine bonds that provide PFAS with high stability, make them highly resistant to degradation. As a result, PFAS are found in all parts of the environment, including water, soil, air, and living organisms, as well as in humans worldwide. Because PFAS are generally persistent, bio-accumulative and toxic, drinking-water exposure is a major public-health concern. One of the major exposure pathways for humans is drinking water, making effective treatment techniques crucial for reducing PFAS contamination in groundwater as conventional treatment methods have proven insufficient. Studies suggest that combining advanced non-conventional techniques in treatment trains provide more effective results. As part of the SIDWater (Sustainable Innovative Drinking Water Treatment Solutions) project, this study was conducted to evaluate the degradation efficiency of PFAS through electrochemical oxidation (EO) using boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrodes as the final step in a treatment train. Water samples pre-treated with reverse osmosis (RO) or foam fractionation (FF) were subjected to EO under controlled laboratory conditions. The results show that EO effectively reduces the concentration of perfluorosulfonic acids (PFSAs), while perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs) and PFAS precursors exhibited lower removal efficiencies, with some of these compounds increasing in concentration. These findings indicate that the degradation process had begun thus complete degradation of PFAS was not yet achieved under the current treatment conditions. For achieving more efficient degradation longer treatment time are required and higher current densities.
Image Analysis to Automate Parasite Diagnostics
No full textWe study the development of machine learning models from microscopy images of pet stool samples to detect and classify parasite eggs. We specifically train convolutional neural networks and compare different setups regarding the type of sampling, loss functions, and types of augmentation. Our best models achieve a 93% recall in distinguishing between images containing parasite eggs and images without eggs, and the classifying model achieves 97,2% accuracy on the test set. The final goal would be to automate the process by providing a pipeline for scanning microscopy slides and operationalizing the models. We explored a few options for creating images that could be fed to the models, such as a slide scanner and a high dpi scanner
Observation of →¯1(1270)+ and test of lepton flavor universality with →¯1(1270)ℓ+ℓ
No full textBy analyzing 7.93 fb−1 of +− collision data collected at the center-of-mass energy of 3.773 GeV with the BESIII detector operated at the BEPCII collider, we report the observation of the semimuonic decays of + →¯1(1270)0+ and 0 →1(1270)−+ with statistical significances of 12.5 and 6.0, respectively. Their decay branching fractions are determined to be ℬ[+ →¯1(1270)0+] =(2.36 ±0.20+0.18−0.27 ±0.48) ×10−3 and ℬ[0 →1(1270)−+] =(0.78 ±0.11+0.05−0.09 ±0.15) ×10−3, where the first and second uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively, and the third originates from the input branching fraction of ¯1(1270)0 →−+0 or 1(1270)− →−+−. Combining our branching fractions with the previous measurements of ℬ[+ →¯1(1270)0+] and ℬ[0 →1(1270)−+], we determine the branching fraction ratios to be ℬ[+→¯1(1270)0+]/ℬ[+→¯1(1270)0+]=1.03±0.14+0.11−0.15 and ℬ[0→1(1270)−+]/ℬ[0→1(1270)−+]=0.74±0.13+0.08−0.13. Using the branching fractions measured in this work and the world-average lifetimes of the + and 0 mesons, we determine the semimuonic partial decay width ratio to be Γ[+→¯1(1270)0+]/Γ[0→1(1270)−+]=1.22±0.10+0.06−0.09, which is consistent with unity as predicted by isospin conservation.For complete list of authors see http://dx.doi.org/None</p