Publikationer från Uppsala Universitet
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Ger mer sport färre brott? : En kvantitativ studie om sambandet mellan kommunala idrotts- och fritidsutgifter och anmälda brott
No full textKriminalitet är en central fråga inom dagens politiska debatt och satsningar på idrotts- och fritidsaktiviteter lyfts ofta fram som ett brottspreventivt verktyg. Denna studie undersöker sambandet mellan kostnader för idrotts- och fritidsanläggningar och antalet anmälda brott i kommunen. Uppsatsen utgår från Beckers brottsmodell samt nationalekonomiska teorier kring externaliteter, och analyserar paneldata bestående av 288 svenska kommuner mellan år 2000 och 2023. En two-way fixed effects-modell (TWFE) används för att studera sambandet. Resultatet indikerar att det finns ett svagt negativt samband. Däremot är skattningen relativt liten och inte statistiskt signifikant, vilket gör att det inte går att bevisa en faktisk effekt. Resultaten går i linje med tidigare forskning, som har svårt att konsekvent bevisa idrottens brottspreventiva egenskaper.Criminality is a central issue in today's politics and investments in sports and leisure is often highlighted as a crime-prevention tool. This study investigates the relationship between costs of sports and leisure activities and the number of reported crimes. The thesis is based on Becker's economic theory of crime, and economic theories of externalities and analyses panel data consisting of 288 Swedish municipalities between the years 2000-2023. A two-way fixed effects model (TWFE) is used to study the relationship. The results indicate that there is a weak negative association. However, the estimated effect is very small and not statistically significant, meaning no effect can be statistically confirmed. The results are in line with previous research, which has similarly struggled to consistently demonstrate a crime-reducing effect of sports participation
Phase selection and texturing in molybdenum oxide films grown by reactive magnetron sputtering
No full textMolybdenum oxide films offer a rich variety of properties for diverse applications, but exclusive synthesis of desired phases is a major challenge. Here, we demonstrate that oxygen flow ratio fO2 = [O2]/[Ar + O2] is crucial not only for phase selection of non-layered monoclinic MoO2 and layered orthorhombic α-MoO3 but also for controlling grain size and preferred orientation. Both mica and sapphire support exclusive MoO2 formation for 0.15 ≤ fO2 ≤ 0.25 at deposition temperatures Tdep = 400 and 500 °C, while α-MoO3 forms only at Tdep = 400 °C for 0.35 ≤ fO2 ≤ 0.5. Within the fO2 windows favoring each phase, high fO2 fosters large grains with out-of-plane 0k0 texture, except for MoO2 on c-sapphire at Tdep = 500 °C, where no fO2-texture correlation is discernible. These findings provide a framework for rational synthesis of single-phase monoclinic MoO2 and orthorhombic MoO3 with control over texture and microstructure to access desired properties
Cell for X-ray Studies of Gaseswith Low Vapour Pressure : Design, Testing and Challenges in a Custom Gas Cell forSynchrotron Experiments
No full textThis project aimed to construct and evaluate a custom gas cell intended for soft X-ray spectroscopy of low-vapour-pressure substances, ultimately with iodine as the target species. The cell was designed for use at the VERITAS beamline at MAX IV Laboratory, in anticipation of future experiments investigating parity-forbidden transitions. To validate the cell’s performance and assess practical limitations, water and glycerol were used as test substances due to their safe handling and vapour pressures similar to iodine. A series of measurements were conducted with different pinhole sizes and heating configurations to investigate pressure behaviour, condensation issues, and heat distribution. The experiments revealed several challenges, including pinhole clogging, unstable pressure dynamics, and inadequate heating of the optical window, factors that significantly impacted measurement consistency. Although iodine measurements could not be performed within the timeframe, the results uncovered essential design shortcomings and informed practical improvements for future operation. The project provides a foundation for continued development of robust gas delivery systems for synchrotron, based spectroscopy of reactive species
Assessment of the plasticity of dry granulated particles (mini-tablets) and its relationship to their tabletability
No full textMini-tablets of different proportions of alpha-lactose monohydrate (LAC) and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) were prepared by uniaxial compaction and served as surrogate granules. The inverted Adams coefficient i.e., alpha-1 was derived from bulk mini-tablet compression data and used as an indication of granule plastic deformation. The correlation of the parameter to single granule deformability assessed from uniaxial single mini-tablet compression and macro-indentation hardness was investigated. Furthermore, the relationship between the plastic deformation parameters and the tabletability of mini-tablets were evaluated. An increased MCC concentration resulted in an increased indentation hardness and deformability of the mini-tablets, but no correlation was found between indentation hardness and the alpha-1 coefficient. Thus, the plastic deformation expressed during powder compression showed no relationship to the single specimen indentation hardness and plastic deformability. An increased indentation hardness tended to correspond to an increased tablet tensile strength, while the opposite applied for the alpha-1 coefficient. The trend of increased tablet tensile strength with higher MCC concentration was broken at the highest MCC concentration, i.e., for mini-tablets showing very limited fragmentation. It was concluded that granule plastic deformation is a key property for granule tabletability. It is suggested that granule plastic deformation should be assessed during granule engineering
Fast peptide bond formation and release by the ribosomal large subunit
No full textPeptide bond formation and peptidyl release are catalyzed at the peptidyl transferase center of the 50S subunit of the 70S ribosome. Proposed catalytic mechanisms at the peptidyl transferase center are based on structures of model substrates bound to the 50S and the 70S. Yet, peptidyl transfer and release reactions catalyzed by the 50S are slower by >3 orders of magnitude than those of the 70S. Here, we obtained a nearphysiological rate of peptide bond formation with puromycin catalyzed by the 50S in 33% methanol at 37 degrees C, and fast rates were even attained in aqueous solution using 20% PEG. Interestingly, methanol, not PEG, accelerated the reaction by stimulating substrate binding just to the 50S P site. In addition, we obtained fast peptidyl release model reactions catalyzed by the 50S in 30% acetone. However, PEG did not enable the release reaction, suggesting different mechanisms for release and peptide bond formation. The now-comparable peptidyl transfer rates of the 50S and 70S under aqueous conditions strengthen mechanistic proposals, give credence to hypothetical progenitor ribosomes before evolution of the 30S and will aid mechanistic investigations with model substrates or ancestral subsets of the ribosome
Study of η → π+ π- l+ l-
No full textUsing a sample of (10087 +/- 44) x 10(6) J/psi events accumulated with the BESIII detector, we analyze the decays eta -> pi(+) pi(-) l(+) l(-) (l = e or mu) via the process J/psi -> gamma eta. The branching fraction of eta -> pi(+) pi(-) e(+) e(-) is measured to be B(eta -> pi(+) pi(-) e(+) e(-)) = (3.07 +/- 0.12(stat) +/- 0.19(syst)) x 10(-4). No signal events are observed for the eta -> pi(+) pi(-) mu(+) mu(-) decay, leading to an upper limit on the branching fraction of B(eta -> pi(+) pi(-) mu(+) mu(-)) < 4.0 x 10(-7) at the 90% confidence level. Furthermore, the CP-violation asymmetry parameter is found to be A(CP)(eta -> pi(+) pi(-) e(+) e(-)) = (-4.04 +/- 4.69(stat) +/- 0.14(syst))%, showing no evidence of CP-violation with current statistics. Additionally, we extract the transition form factor from the decay amplitude of eta -> pi(+) pi(-) e(+) e(-). Finally, axionlike particles are searched for via the decay eta -> pi(+) pi(-) a, a -> e(+) e(-), and upper limits on this branching fraction relative to that of eta -> pi(+) pi(-) e(+) e(-) are presented as a function of the axionlike particle mass in the range 5-200 MeV/c(2).For complete list of authors see http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.111.072008</p
Standard for building condition assessment in Sweden
No full textStatusbedömningar utförs på beställning av intressenter i en fastighet för att få en uppfattning av det tekniska skicket och långsiktiga underhållsbehovet. Dessa statusbedömningar används sedan för att planera underhållet och prioritera resurser i större fastighetsbestånd. Kontinuitet mellan bedömningar från olika tillfällen och jämförbarhet mellan bedömningar av olika utförare är i dagsläget bristfälligt, möjligtvis på grund av att det saknas en standard för utförande och dokumentation. Denna studies syfte var att utreda möjligheterna till standardisering av statusbedömningar och att ta fram ett protokoll som förslag till att lösa den problematiken. En design research-studie har använts för att nå detta mål. Studien innefattande en intervjustudie med sakkunniga för att få en nulägesbeskrivning av problematiken och sedan en fallstudie av tillgängliga förvaltningsprogram för att utvärdera tillgängliga lösningar för förvaltare. Till sist togs ett protokoll fram som förslag för att lösa denna problematik. Utifrån intervjustudien dras slutsatsen att kompetensutveckling av statusbedömare inte ses som en framgångsfaktor av industrin. Ej heller standardisering av inspektionspunkter eller när statusbedömningar ska utföras ansågs vara hjälpsamt. De utvärderade verktygen bedöms vara bristfälliga som hjälpmedel för statusbedömningar då den mängd data som krävs för att få resultat inte kan samlas in av aktörer på ett enhetligt eller effektivt nog sätt. Från utvärdering av protokollen dras slutsatsen att arbete med standardiserade bedömningsskalor i ett enhetligt format där ramen av statusbedömningen definieras av beställaren är troligt att leda till mer enhetliga och jämförbara resultat, vilket även skulle öka spårbarheten mellan bedömningarna. Det framtagna protokollet är strukturerat för att beställare ska definiera omfattning och syfte av statusbedömningen. Protokollet inkluderar standardiserade bedömningsskalor för enskilda komponenter och en slutgiltig bedömning av helhetsskicket på byggnaden.Building condition assessments (BCAs) are carried out at the demand of interested parties to understand the long-term maintenance needs of a property. BCAs are then used to plan the maintenance and prioritize resources. Continuity and comparability between BCAs are at present day inadequate. Several European countries have attempted to implement a standard with varying results. The purpose of this study is to examine the possibility of resolving this issue in a Swedish context and to develop a protocol to serve as a proposed solution to the identified issues. A design research approach was used, including expert interviews to identify key challenges, a case study of property management software to assess current tools, and the development of an assessment protocol. Interviews showed that the industry does not consider enhanced assessor training or standardized inspection points as effective. Instead, using standardized assessment scales in a consistent format is recommended, as it likely leads to more comparable results and better traceability. Furthermore, it is recommended that the client defines the level and purpose of the BCA inspection, as well as defining the standard which the components conditions will be measured against
Flooding in Sri Lanka's Western Province : A field study on Adaptive Capacity in Gampaha and Colombo
No full textThis thesis explores how urban residents in flood-prone areas of Sri Lanka's Western Province, specifically the districts of Gampaha and Colombo, experience and respond to flooding, with a focus on the concept of adaptive capacity. Based on an ethnographic field study and qualitative interviews with residents, researchers, and experts, the study examines how individuals prepare for, react to, and recover from flood events, as well as how governmental actions influence their resilience. The findings highlight that adaptive strategies are largely reactive and community-based, relying heavily on social networks and informal support systems, while governmental interventions are often perceived as insufficient or disconnected from local needs. Key themes, access to social and economic resources, governance and political engagement, and flood risk awareness, are found to be interdependent and collectively shape adaptive capacity. The study concludes that while local efforts enhance short-term resilience, long-term adaptation requires proactive, large-scale infrastructural and institutional support. The findings suggest that effective flood resilience in urban areas depends on an approach that respects the local context and actively involves residents, while also addressing structural challenges at the systemic level
Identification of amino acids based on their local currentmodulation
No full textProtein sequencing is an important and valuable process that contributes to a better understanding of protein structures, which in turn helps to understand how various biological processes, such as human diseases, work. A fundamental part of protein sequencing is identifying individual aminoacids, which is why effective methods that can do this are of great importance. One method for identifying amino acids is the use of nanopores. Nanopores are tiny holes on a nanoscale that existor can be created within certain materials. Molecules, such as amino acids, can travel through a nanopore. As this happens, the amino acids will affect an adjacent electrical current. This project aims to investigate how different amino acids affect this electrical current and if the results can be used to identify unknown amino acids. This was examined through simulations based on quantum-mechanical principles in Python. In the simulations, transmission coefficientswere obtained for all 20 standard amino acids. For each amino acid, the transmission coefficient was calculated a large number of times. Each time, the amino acid had a random orientation when translocating the nanopore. These multiple transmission coefficients were collected in an individual histogram for each amino acid. These histograms were then used to compare the 20 different amino acid's influence on the electrical current. If each amino acid generates a distinct histogram, it means that their influence on the electrical current is unique and can be used to identify them. The results showed that it was possible to achieve distinct histograms for 17 out of the 20 amino acids. The remaining three amino acids that could not be identified shared the common characteristic that they all had positively charged side groups. The results suggest that with further improvement in nanopore techniques, the method used in this project could become an effective approach for identifying individual amino acids in protein sequencing
From Code to Culture : Exploring internal Communication and Trust in Stockholm’s Tech Sector
No full textAs artificial intelligence (AI) becomes more integrated into business operations, internal communication on AI risks is critical for building trust and ensuring responsible implementation. This study investigates how Stockholm-based IT organizations anticipate, debate, and coordinate internal responses to AI threats, focusing on trust, transparency, and organizational readiness. While earlier research has focused on external-facing AI ethics and governance, few studies have examined the internal dynamics that influence how employees interact with and respond to AI tools. This study addresses that gap by looking into how IT organizations in Stockholm communicate and collaborate internally in response to AI-related concerns. This study, which is based on risk communication and organizational trust theories, takes a qualitative, interpretive approach using semi-structured interviews with professionals from various Stockholm-based IT organizations. The findings demonstrate that, despite investing in advanced technical detection systems, firms usually lack coordinated communication channels and escalation processes that involve individuals other than core AI teams. As a result, AI risk management is typically separated, resulting in ambiguity about responsibilities, inconsistent risk reporting, and low trust in AI outputs among non-technical staff. The research underlines the importance of organizations shifting away from executive-led AI strategies in favor of more inclusive, transparent, and participatory approaches. Cross-departmental collaboration, increased role communication, and acceptance of employee concerns are all required for effective internal AI governance. While skepticism regarding AI is not inherently negative, unanswered worries could hinder implementation and long-term advancement. This study contributes to the growing literature on responsible AI deployment by shedding light on how organizational structures influence trust in AI, as well as offering practical suggestions for organizations looking to balance technological advancement with ethical and communicative readiness