Publikationer från Uppsala Universitet
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Vårdens bemötande av våldsutsattakvinnor : En kvalitativ litteraturstudie av våldsutsatta kvinnors upplevelse av vårdpersonalens bemötande
No full text IntroduktionVåld i nära relationer utgör ett allvarligt folkhälsoproblem som i högre grad drabbar kvinnor än män, både i Sverige och internationellt. Det är ett strukturellt samhällsproblem med omfattande sociala och hälsomässiga konsekvenser för de som utsätts. Våld mot kvinnor förekommer i alla delar av samhället och påverkar individens fysiska, psykiska och sociala välbefinnande. När kvinnor söker vård till följd av våldsutsatthet ställs särskilda krav på vårdpersonalens kompetens och förmåga att identifiera och tillgodose komplexa vårdbehov.SyfteSyftet med denna studie var att beskriva våldsutsatta kvinnors upplevelse av vårdpersonalens bemötande. MetodStudien som genomfördes var en deskriptiv design med kvalitativ ansats. För att samla in data användes allmän litteraturöversikt som metod och data analyserades genom kvalitativ innehållsanalys.ResultatResultatet baserades på analysen av tio studier och redovisas i två huvudkategorier och sex underkategorier. Den första huvudkategorin Positiv upplevelser av bemötande omfattar två underkategorierna; Känslan av att bli sedd och bekräftadsamt Att uppleva trygghet och emotionellt stöd i vårdmötet. Den andra huvudkategorin, Negativa upplevelser av bemötande som består av fyra underkategorierna; Upplevelse av brist på empati och respekt, Upplevelsen av att inte bli lyssnad på eller trodd, Att uppleva attityder av nedvärdering och fördomar samt Känslan av att bli osynliggjord och distanserad.SlutsatsStudiens resultat visar att vårdpersonalens bemötande är avgörande för om våldsutsatta kvinnor vågar dela med sig av sina erfarenheter och fortsätta söka vård. Ett empatiskt och respektfullt bemötande kan skapa trygghet och bygga förtroende, medan ett bristfälligt bemötande riskerar att förstärka utsattheten och avbryta vårdkontakten. IntroductionIntimate partner violence (IPV) is a significant public health issue that disproportionately affects women, both in Sweden and globally. It represents a structural problem with profound social and health-related consequences for those exposed. IPV occurs across all social strata, and individuals who experience such violence often require healthcare services that address both physical, social and psychological needs. For healthcare professionals, this necessitates a sensitive and informed approach. AimThe aim of this study was to study how battered women experience their interaction with/how they were received by healthcare personnel.MethodThis study has a descriptive design with a qualitative approach using a literaturereview as method for data collection. ResultsThe findings of this literature review are based on analysis of ten studies and are presented in two main categories and six associated sub-categories. The first main category, Positive experiences of the interaction, encompassed two sub-categories; The experience of being seen and validated, to feel safe in the encounter. The second main category, Negative experiences of the interaction, included four sub-categories; Experienced lack of empathy and respect, experience of not being believed or listened to, to experience demeaning attitudes and prejudices, Experience of being invisible and kept at a distance.ConclusionThe results of this study show that the way healthcare professionals respond is crucial for whether women exposed to intimate partner violence feel safe enough to share their experiences and continue seeking care. An empathetic and respectful approach can foster trust and create a sense of safety, while a lack of such support risks reinforcing their vulnerability and interrupting the care process
Field Testing Stainless by Verifying Daisy’s AST Library
No full textAutomation is rapidly transforming industries, shifting responsibility from human workers to machines. However, since machines lack sentience, ensuring correctness falls on developers. Formal methods offer a rigorous approach to provide strong correctness guarantees, but their adoption remains limited due to usability challenges such as steep learning curves and language limitations. We focus on a subset of formal methods: deductive verifiers. These mitigate usability challenges by automating large portions of the verification process. This work uses a deductive verifier for Scala: Stainless. We verify the abstract syntax tree (AST) package of a library used in practice: Daisy, a mature static analyser that optimises and verifies finite-precision code. Our methodology breaks down the verification process using informal package specifications. We then derive formal specifications for functions and algebraic datatypes from these informal guidelines and verify that the implementation adheres to the formal specifications. We increase the amount of verified code used in practice and contribute insights from the process to tool developers and users. In particular, some of the results we present are: (1) A verification of Daisy's optimisations over ASTs (e.g., that preserves semantics); (2) Limitations in Stainless that contribute to the code bloat of 3:1 between specifications and functionality; (3) Synergies between our modular methodology and Stainless's annotations
Design of open-source glucose sensor for continous glucose monitoring
No full textContinuous glucose monitoring has been a vital instrument for diabetes management, and it has also shown potential value for health monitoring in general. There has been an increasing interest in the usage of continuous glucose monitoring for health purposes among individuals without diabetes. One study was performed by Biohackeri on commission from region Uppsala, and one of the takeaways from that study was the inaccessibility of continuous glucose monitoring due to high costs. This paper is written as a collaboration with Biohackeri to design an open-source glucose sensor and to study the cost and feasibility of manufacturing a glucose sensor fit for continuous glucose monitoring. The design concept is split into modules with each focusing on one specific function with the aspects of cost, reusability, modularity and functionality in mind. A solid microneedle (MN) array made with a biocompatible photopolymer resin was chosen for the sampling of the interstitial fluid for access to glucose for measurement. The electrode is coated on top of the MN array substrate, with a working electrode made of graphene. The reference electrode will be a dryAg/AgCl, and it will be covered with a thin graphene layer to increase biocompatibility. To increase selectivity and sensitivity of the electrochemical sensing in the working electrode, the glucose oxidase enzyme is applied as a coating. In the study the cost, feasibility and viability of the design has been researched and been positioned for further study with a physical prototype and in-vitro studies
Samarbete i två världar : En jämförande studie av psykologisk trygghet i ett tvärfunktionellt och ett projektbaserat team
No full textI denna studie undersöks psykologisk trygghet i två teamkontexter präglade av intensivt samarbete: ett tvärfunktionellt sjukvårdsteam och ett projektbaserat managementkonsultteam. Forskningsområdet motiveras av en begränsad mängd jämförande studier mellan team med skilda gruppstrukturer och samordningsformer. Vi argumenterar för att psykologisk trygghet kan skilja sig åt mellan olika typer av team till följd av skillnader i bland annat samarbetsform, mål, standardisering och beslutshierarkier. Studien tillämpar en kvalitativ strategi för att besvara frågeställningen. Datainsamlingen genomfördes via intervjuer och analyserades med tematisk analys. Resultaten tyder på en hög grad av psykologisk trygghet i båda teamen, samt att förtrogenhet, öppenhet, tydlighet och struktur, delaktighet och erfarenhet är bidragande faktorer. Studien identifierar brist på kontinuitet i gruppsammansättningen som en hämmande faktor i sjukvårdsteamet, och ett systematiskt arbete med psykologisk trygghet som en specifik bidragande faktor i managementkonsultteamet. Denna studie bidrar till insikter om att psykologisk trygghet i tvärfunktionella och projektbaserade team till största del påverkas av samma faktorer
The Quantum Measurement Problem
No full textMeasurements play a specific role in quantum mechanics; only measurements allow us to catch a glimpse of the eluding physical reality. However, there is something deeply unsatisfactory with this specificity-a measurement is itself a physical process! Several varying modes of coping with this dilemma have been proposed and this article tries to describe how a now-century-long discussion has led to new insights about the transition from the quantum to the classical world. Starting from the pioneer's view of the quantum measurement problem, it follows the development of formalisms, the interest from philosophers for its new aspects on reality and how different interpretations of quantum mechanics have tried to support our classically working brains in understanding quantum phenomena. Decoherence is a main topic and its role in measurement processes exemplified. The question of whether the quantum measurement problem is now solved is left open for the readers' own judgment
Inherited non-invertible duality symmetries in quiver SCFTs
No full textWe revisit the construction of the duality group for N = 2̂ An-shaped quiversSCFTs and generalize it to the previously unexplored case of̂ Dn-shaped quivers. Wethen provide a systematic description of non-invertible duality symmetries in both classes.Furthermore, we characterize the N = 1 mass deformations of these theories that preservesuch symmetries, thereby identifying a large class of N = 1 SCFTs with non-invertible dualitysymmetries inherited from their parent N = 2 theories
NLP methods for extraction of narratives with application to the depiction of Sweden in Ukrainian, Russian, and EU media
No full textThe extraction of narratives is a well-established approach to analyzing media stances on specific issues, such as portrayals of foreign countries. Despite its relevance, narrative extraction remains largely manual and presents ongoing challenges in natural language processing. Moreover, conceptual ambiguities persist regarding the definitions of "narrative," "frame," and their interrelation. This thesis addresses these issues by improving a narrative extraction pipeline with semantic role labeling (SRL) as its main pillar. The improved pipeline is applied to analyze how Sweden is represented across Ukrainian, Russian, and EU media outlets. To this end, relevant datasets were collected. The findings suggest that the enhanced pipeline is a promising tool for analyzing sparse, heterogeneous media data and may support interdisciplinary applications, particularly in fields such as political science. Nonetheless, there are several open challenges, including dependence on sometimes unreliable SRL outputs, the need for semi-manual clustering, and the question of evaluation
Optical spectroscopic signatures of the red giant evolutionary state
No full textModern spectroscopic surveys output large data volumes. Theoretical models provide a means to transform the information encoded in these data to measurements of physical stellar properties. However, in detail, the models are incomplete and simplified, and prohibit interpretation of the fine details in spectra. Instead, the available data provide an opportunity to use data-driven, differential analysis techniques, as a means towards understanding spectral signatures. We deploy such an analysis to examine core helium-fusing red clump (RC) and shell hydrogen-fusing red giant branch (RGB) stars, to uncover signatures of evolutionary state imprinted in optical stellar spectra. We exploit 786 pairs of RC and RGB stars from the GALAH survey, chosen to minimize spectral differences, with evolutionary state classifications from TESS and K2 asteroseismology. We report sub-per cent residual, systematic spectral differences between the two classes of stars, and show that these residuals are significant compared to a reference sample of RC-RC and RGB-RGB pairs selected using the same criteria. First, we report systematic differences in the Swan (C (2) ) band and CN bands caused by stellar evolution and a difference in mass, where RGB stars at similar stellar parameters have higher masses than RC stars. Secondly, we observe systematic differences in the line-width of the H (alpha) and H (beta) lines caused by a difference in microturbulence, as measured by GALAH, where we measure higher microturbulence in RC stars than RGB stars. This work demonstrates the ability of large surveys to uncover the subtle spectroscopic signatures of stellar evolution using model-free, data-driven methods
SARS-CoV-2 nsp15 enhances viral virulence by subverting host antiviral defenses
No full textSARS-CoV-2 encodes numerous virulence factors, yet their precise mechanisms of action remain unknown. We provide evidence that the SARS-CoV-2 nonstructural protein 15 (nsp15) enhances viral virulence by suppressing the production of viral double-stranded (dsRNA), a potent inducer of antiviral signaling. The viral variants lacking nsp15 endoribonuclease activity elicited higher innate immune responses and exhibited reduced replication in human stem cell-derived lung alveolar type II epithelial cells, as well as in the lungs of infected hamsters. Consistently, these variants caused significantly less weight loss and mortality compared to wild-type (WT) virus in K18-hACE2 mice. Mechanistically, the cells infected with nsp15 mutants accumulated more viral dsRNA, causing enhanced stimulation of the interferon pathway. Chemical inhibition of interferon signaling dampened immune responses to nsp15 mutants and restored their replication to levels similar to the WT virus. These findings indicate that the endoribonuclease activity of nsp15 contributes to viral virulence by limiting the accumulation of viral dsRNA, thereby allowing robust replication with reduced activation of the host innate immune response