Publikationer från Uppsala Universitet
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The Impact of Strategic Innovation Programs on the Swedish Innovation System : A Case Study of IoT Sweden
No full textThis thesis explores how Strategic Innovation Programs (SIPs) contribute to strengthening Sweden’s innovation system, focusing on a case study of IoT Sweden. SIPs are government funded initiatives designed to address societal challenges by fostering collaboration across industry, academia, and the public sector. Using the Technological Innovation Systems (TIS) framework, this study analyzes how IoT Sweden has influenced four key system functions: entrepreneurial experimentation, guidance of the search, market formation, and resource mobilization. Data was collected through qualitative interviews with key stakeholders involved in the program. The findings reveal that IoT Sweden has played a significant role in enabling experimentation and collaboration within the public sector, but faces challenges related to market formation and strategic direction. The study concludes that while SIPs can catalyze innovation ecosystems, their long-term impact depends on clearer mission orientation, broader stakeholder engagement, and the ability to scale results beyond individual projects
Den ideala nyutexaminerade personalvetaren : En kritisk diskursanalys av platsannonser och yrkesverksamma inom HR
No full textThe Swedish jobmarket is developing at a rapid pace and increasingly stringent demands are being placed on the right competence. The competence that newly graduated from the Human Resources program possesses does not always reflect the demands and expectations that the employees have. It is therefore important for the students to have knowledge of the purpose and goals of the Human Resources program. The aim of this essay is to examine how the ideal newly graduated candidates from the Human Resource's program is constructed through job advertisements and a focusgroup interview. With the critical discourse analysis that constitutes the theoretical framework of the study, results and analysis are presented based on Fairclough's three-dimensional model. The analysis identified six common patterns for the skills a junior candidate is expected to possess. Together, these build up the discourse on what constitutes the ideal newly graduated HR candidate. The result shows that the ideal newly graduated candidates is constructed by several factors, where the ability to develop knowledge in practice and the will to learn legitimizes the junior candidate and not only the formal qualifications. The analysis also interprets the results based on the concept of competence and qualification according to Ellström's (1992) description. Which expresses a normative view of the competencies that the junior candidate should possess. Based on this, the study's previous research is discussed in relation to what shaped the discourse on the newly graduated HR candidate.
Nicotine, Alcohol Consumption, and Risk of Myasthenia Gravis Results From the Swedish Nationwide GEMG Study
No full textBackground and Objectives Myasthenia gravis (MG), an autoimmune disease characterized by fluctuating muscle weakness, is believed to result from complex gene-environment interactions, yet few risk factors have been identified. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of nicotine and alcohol on MG disease risk. Methods The Genes and Environment in Myasthenia Gravis study is a Swedish, nationwide cross-sectional case-control study where prevalent patients with MG were invited to submit an extensive questionnaire on lifestyle and environment. Data collection took place between November 2018 and August 2019, and cases were matched by sex and year of birth to population controls. Year of disease onset was used as index year. Associations between use of alcohol, tobacco smoke, Swedish snuff, and MG risk were investigated using multivariable logistic regression. Results A total of 1,067 patients with MG (mean age at onset 48 (SD 21) years, 53% female) were matched to 2,087 controls. Any alcohol consumption was associated with a lower MG risk compared with not drinking at all (odds ratio [OR] 0.48, 95% CI 0.39-0.59, p < 0.001, exposed cases n = 616). Effects were observed in a similar direction across disease subtypes, with the strongest association in the late-onset MG group (onset >= 50 years). Although neither cigarette smoke nor use of Swedish snuff affected the disease risk of the whole group, subset specific effects were observed. Smoking at onset was associated with an increased risk of early-onset MG (EOMG, onset 18-49 years; OR 1.60, 95% CI 1.17-2.20, p = 0.003, n = 133), which was accentuated in acetylcholine receptor antibody-positive EOMG (OR 2.08, 95% CI 1.34-3.25, p = 0.001, n = 74). Use of Swedish snuff, which contains high levels of nicotine, at disease onset was also associated with an increased risk of EOMG (OR 1.61, 95% CI 1.02-2.54, p = 0.039, n = 43). Discussion We observed an inverse correlation of MG risk and alcohol consumption. Furthermore, smoking and the use of Swedish snuff at disease onset were positively associated with EOMG. We recognize limitations related to retrospective data and limited number of available controls. However, multiple sensitivity analyses were performed supporting the robustness of our results
Homogeneous Stellar Atmospheric Parameters and 22 Elemental Abundances for FGK Stars Derived from LAMOST Low-resolution Spectra with DD-PAYNE
No full textA deep understanding of our Galaxy calls for detailed decomposition of its stellar populations via their chemical fingerprints. This requires precise stellar abundances of many elements for a large number of stars. Here, we present an updated catalog of stellar labels derived from Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST) low-resolution spectra in a physics-sensible and rigorous manner with DD-Payne, taking labels from high-resolution spectroscopy as a training set. The catalog contains atmospheric parameters for 6.4 million stars released in LAMOST DR9, and abundances for 22 elements, namely, C, N, O, Na, Mg, Al, Si, Ca, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Sr, Y, Zr, Ba, La, Ce, Nd, Sm, and Eu, for nearly 3.6 million stars with spectral signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) higher than 20. The [Fe/H] is valid down to similar or equal to -4.0, while elemental abundance ratios [X/Fe] are mostly valid for stars with [Fe/H] greater than or similar to -2.0. Measurement errors in these labels are sensitive to and almost inversely proportional with S/N. For stars with S/N > 50, we achieved a typical error of 30 K in T-eff, 0.07 dex in log g , similar to 0.05 dex in abundances for most elements with atomic number smaller than Sr, and 0.1-0.2 dex for heavier elements. Homogenization to the label estimates is carried out via dedicated internal and external calibration. In particular, the nonlocal thermal equilibrium effect is corrected for the [Fe/H] estimates, the T-eff is calibrated to the infrared flux method scale, and the log g is validated with asteroseismic measurements. The elemental abundances are internally calibrated using wide binaries, eliminating systematic trend with effective temperature. The catalog is publicly available
Hyra eller köpa? : En studie av förändringar i leasingandel bland svenska börsnoterade bolag mellan 2019 och 2023
No full textLeasing utgör idag en central finansieringsform för många företag, vilket gör redovisningen av leasingavtal till en allt viktigare fråga inom finansiell rapportering. I denna studie undersöks hur leasingandelen av totala skulder hos svenska börsnoterade företag har förändrats mellan 2019 och 2023, efter införandet av redovisningsstandarden IFRS 16. Med Wilcoxons tecken och rangsummetest i kombination med deskriptiv statistik, analyseras svenska företag på Nasdaq Stockholm inom Small, Mid och Large Cap. Resultaten visar en generell minskning i leasingandel under perioden, med tydligare nedgångar bland företag i leasingintensiva branscher och för mindre företag. Dessa mönster kan indikera att företag ändrat sina operativa beslut som en strategisk respons på ändrade redovisningsstandarder. Sådana förändringar kan tolkas som real earnings management, där företag justerar sin leasingandel i syfte att påverka den finansiella ställningen. Studien bidrar med insikter om hur IFRS 16 kan ha effekter bortom redovisningen, genom att påverka företags strategiska beslut
Acoustic analysis of wood cell structures
No full textThe study of wood acoustics is relevant to both understanding the biological functions of living trees and designing renewable sound-absorbing materials. This understanding can be enhanced through micromechanical models that relate wood microstructure to its acoustic properties. This paper begins by introducing three-dimensional modeling for microscale wood structures, confirming the elastic properties of wood cell wall layers. The equation of motion, incorporating element stiffness, mass matrices, and the force vector of a single substructure, is analyzed to assemble the global dynamic stiffness matrix of a wood cell. Free wave propagation characteristics are then examined by solving eigenvalue problems within both direct and inverse wave finite element method frameworks. The dispersion relations of positive-going waves are illustrated for a wood cell without a pit. Additionally, the forced response and displacement field of a wood cell without a pit are explored. Finally, wave diffusion, including reflection and transmission coefficients, is examined in a wood cell with a pit. The results demonstrate the proposed approach's potential for investigating wave propagation and diffusion characteristics in microscale wood structures
Design of thermal hysteresis in nonstoichiometric Fe2P-type alloys with giant magnetocaloric effect
No full textThe nonstoichiometric Fe2P-type FeMn(1-x)Vx(P0.5Si0.5)1-x alloys (x = 0, 0.01, 0.02, and 0.03) have been investigated as potential candidates for magnetic refrigeration near room temperature. The magnetic ordering temperature decreases with increasing FeV concentration x, which can be ascribed to decreased ferromagnetic coupling strength between the magnetic atoms. The strong magnetoelastic coupling in these alloys results in large values of the isothermal entropy change (ΔSM); 15.7 J/(kg K), at 2 T magnetic field for the x = 0 alloy. ΔSM decreases with increasing x. Results from Mössbauer spectroscopy reveal that the average hyperfine field (in the ferromagnetic state) and average center shift (in the paramagnetic state) have the same decreasing trend as ΔSM. The thermal hysteresis (ΔThyst) of the magnetic phase transition decreases with increasing x, while the mechanical stability of the alloys improves due to the reduced lattice volume change across the magnetoelastic phase transition. The adiabatic temperature change ΔTad, which highly depends on ΔThyst, is 1.7 K at 1.9 T applied field for the x = 0.02 alloy
Experimental investigation and modelling of heat losses in a hydrogen peroxide monopropellant microthruster
No full textMicrothrusters can provide propulsion capabilities for the increasing number of miniaturized satellites which, through the reduction in costs and lead times, contributes to the availability of space-dependent services such as imaging and communication. Due to the increase in surface-to-volume ratio that comes with size reduction, heat losses severely affect the performance of monopropellant hydrogen peroxide microthrusters. The aim of this study was to explore heat losses from a sub-mN microthruster by experimental firing tests supported by numerical modelling, the latter taking interfacing into account, which has rarely been done before. In addition, the degree of decomposition in the thruster was, for the first time, quantified using spectroscopic measurements on a condensate of the exhaust gases. Close to full decomposition, with residual concentrations down to 3-6 wt % only, was obtained for propellant flow rates of 10-20 μl/min using a screen-printed Pt catalytic bed. Visible smoke in the exhaust was correlated with incomplete decomposition, whereas transparent exhaust did not ensure the opposite, showing the importance of actual concentration measurements rather than relying on visual observations only. Modelling revealed that more than 75 % of the heat was lost through the thin wires used for electrical interfacing of the thruster, stressing the importance of including interfaces in heat transfer calculations for this type of thrusters
Opening Pandora’s Box : Examining Sustainability in Development Aid Projects through the Lens of Project Managers
No full textWhat does sustainability entail in development aid projects? Sustainability is ambiguous in the context of development aid, lacking a universal interpretation applicable across aid initiatives. This study, therefore, aims to understand sustainability in development aid projects from the perspectives of project managers. Drawing on insights from seven project managers gathered through interviews and the analysis of 17 archival documents, the findings indicate that sustainability mainly revolves around lasting results and continued funding. It also emerges that project managers possess an expanded mandate, as they take on funding-related responsibilities traditionally held by project sponsors. Furthermore, the study reveals that as project managers engage with stakeholders, they encounter paradoxes that create tensions during the project implementation process. When these paradoxical tensions arise, it may feel as though Pandora’s box has just been opened, unleashing a plethora of implications. If project managers do not find dynamic strategies to navigate or resolve these tensions, projects risk being trapped in vicious cycles of unsustainability, fueled by aid fungibility and weak ownership. Nonetheless, project managers remain hopeful that through reforms and innovation, aid projects can serve as agents of change, leading to sustainable transformation in the complex contexts where they are implemented
A Filtered Masculinity : Masculinity in American Cigarette Advertisement 1970–2000
No full textDuring the second half of the twentieth century, the United States of America saw great social and economic change sweep across the cultural landscape and a rise in conservatism, destabilising norms and conceptions of gender and masculinity. At the same time, the tobacco industry faced an increasing challenge in selling its products as knowledge of the negative effects of cigarettes on health spread. Despite this, cigarette advertising remained a prominent cultural force in American society, capable of constructing and reflecting shifting ideals of manliness. This essay explores how masculinity was visually and linguistically constructed in Winston and Camel cigarette advertisements from 1970 to 2000. Using a semiotic picture analysis and drawing on R. W. Connell’s masculinity theory, the study examined eight images to explore how portrayals of masculinity in advertising engage with broader societal changes. Three dominant modes of masculine representation were identified. Rugged masculinity during the early 1970s and 1980s, connected with nature and autonomy, reflected nostalgic ideals of manliness, referencing lost representations of masculinity among progressive societal change. Alternative masculinities were used to represent hegemonic ideals in unconventional or marginalised mediums, and finally, a new and varied masculinity emerged around the turn of the millennium. The findings of this study highlight a trend in how advertising responded to the changing gender politics in the second half of twentieth-century America, adapting masculine ideals by preserving and aligning with hegemonic masculinity to adapt to evolving cultural and political realities