Publikationer från Uppsala Universitet
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Comment briser le plafond de verre? : Une recherche engagée sur la participation politique des femmes maliennes
No full textCet ouvrage propose une ethnographie politique comparative sur la participation politique des femmes maliennes. En restant à l’écoute des femmes politiques elles-mêmes, il s’agit d’une recherche engagée qui analyse les opportunités et les contraintes liées à la « percée » en politique des femmes. Celle-ci est basée sur des recherches de terrain anthropologiques conduites par 13 chercheurs dans 20 sites d’études à travers le Mali. La synthèse des entretiens auprès des femmes politiques est inter-mêlée d’études de cas, y compris l’élaboration et la mise en pratique de la loi n°2015-052 du 18 décembre 2015 pour la promotion du genre dans l’accès aux fonctions nominatives et électives. De nos jours, beaucoup plus de femmes sont conseillères communales, mais le nombre de femmes maires demeure modeste. Toutefois, dans le Conseil National de Transition – le parlement par intérim depuis 2020 – le nombre de femmes est croissant, même s’il est toujours en dessous des 30% prescrits par la loi. Cette ethnographie politique comparative constate qu’il y a « un changement à bas bruits », qui s’opère discrètement et sous les radars. En effet, au Mali, le plafond de verre se brise, « petit à petit », dans des combats et engagements quotidiens
Major and Trace Element Composition Differences Revealed in Porcine Intestine by Dynamic Analysis and MeV Ion Microscopy
No full textPhysiologically relevant concentrations in biological tissue, in the in vivo, state are of the order of μmol L−1 and mmol L−1. Up to the present, mapping the major elements in the matrix and its thickness has been neglected, despite their importance for quantification of lesser and trace element concentrations. Ryan and Jamieson's dynamic analysis, statistical spectral decomposition approach, is developed to quantitatively measure ex vivo tissue sections cut using a cryomicrotome. This mitigates the problem that physical analysis methods require a vacuum environment. This approach is used to quantitatively image the major matrix elements H, C, N, and O as well as trace maps of Ca, Fe, and Zn in a tissue section of porcine intestine. This sample is selected as it exhibits a complex morphology with multiple tissue compartments (such as muscle and mucosa, as well as void areas from blood vessels, lymph ducts, sinuses crypts, and villi. In the results, it is demonstrated that different tissue types can have a different matrix composition and thickness. Using this information, quantitative maps and elemental molarities for the lesser and trace elements Ca, Fe, and Zn are obtained
Universal consciousness as foundational field : A theoretical bridge between quantum physics and non-dual philosophy
No full textThe nature of consciousness and its relationship to physical reality remain among the most profound scientific and philosophical challenges.This paper presents a novel framework that integrates consciousness with fundamental physics, proposing that consciousness is not an emergent property of neural processes but a foundational aspect of reality. Building upon insights from quantum field theory and non-dualphilosophy, a model based on the three principles of universal mind, universal consciousness, and universal thought is introduced. Theseprinciples describe an underlying, formless intelligence (mind), the capacity for awareness (consciousness), and the dynamic mechanismthrough which experience and differentiation arise (thought). Within this framework, the emergence of space–time and individual awareness is modeled mathematically by treating universal consciousness as a fundamental field. Differentiation into individual experience occursvia mechanisms such as symmetry breaking, quantum fluctuations, and discrete state selection—paralleling established concepts in physics,including Bohm’simplicate order, Heisenberg’s potentia, and Wheeler’s participatory universe. This model suggests that the apparent separateness of individual consciousness is an illusion, with all experience ultimately arising from a unified, formless substrate. The framework alignswith emerging theories in quantum gravity, information theory, and cosmology that posit classical space–time as emergent from a deeperpre-spatiotemporal order. It offers a non-reductionist alternative in neuroscience, suggesting that consciousness interacts with physical processes as a fundamental field. By drawing from insights from physics, metaphysics, and philosophy, this conceptual framework proposes newdirections for interdisciplinary inquiry into the nature of consciousness and the origins of structure and experience
Impact of multiscale anisotropy on flow and transport in three-dimensional fracture networks
No full textAnisotropy, as an intrinsic characteristic of naturally fractured rocks, is present across multiple length scales and can significantly affect hydrogeological processes within subsurface rocks. In this paper, the impact of multiscale anisotropy on flow and transport in fractured rocks is investigated using a three-dimensional discrete fracture network model. Anisotropy at the single fracture scale is governed by the ratio of correlation lengths (λ) of the aperture field, while the network-scale is controlled by the Fisher constant (κ) of fracture orientations. Steady-state flow and conservative solute transport is computed for model ensembles with different combinations of the anisotropic parameters, i.e., λ = 0.5, 1, 2, 3, and κ = 1, 25, 50. Results show that the key flow and transport parameters such as median travel time, equivalent permeability, effective porosity and flow channeling are significantly influenced by variations in λ and κ. Notably, for the same effective permeability, the median travel time can vary by three orders of magnitude. More isotropic systems tend to have longer travel times, while the least variability in travel times is observed at the extremes of permeability. Additionally, λ and κ exhibit a complementary effect, where high values of both significantly enhance flow connectivity, reducing median travel times by nearly two orders of magnitude. In contrast, low λ and κ significantly reduces flow connectivity, leading to longer and more tortuous flow paths and delayed solute breakthrough times. These findings indicate the importance of accounting for multiscale anisotropy to better capture complex hydrogeological processes in fractured media
Impact of Geomechanics Model Simplifications on Assessing Flow and Transport in 3D Fracture Networks
No full textChanges in subsurface stress conditions induce fracture aperture changes, altering the hydraulic properties of fractured rocks.Due to the high computational cost of full 3D geomechanical modeling, simplified models are usually adopted, using twomain simplifications, namely (i) calculating local stresses on a fracture by projecting far-field stresses onto individual fractureplanes without considering nearby fractures, and (ii) assuming a linear elastic fracture mechanics-based constitutive lawfor fracture shearing. In this study, we investigate the consequences of using these geomechanical model simplifications onassessing flow and transport in 3D fractured media by comparing the simplified model against a full geomechanical modelthat integrates local stress heterogeneity and a Coulomb-type shear behavior. We explore varying stress conditions to determinewhen the simplified model closely aligns with the full model, and when and why it starts to deviate. Our results indicatethat, for an assumed typical friction coefficient of 0.6 and shear stiffness of 10 GPa/m, under stress ratios of 1 to 3, sheardeformation is in the elastic stage, and local stress variability does not result in significant differences between simplified andfull models. However, at a high stress ratio (e.g., 4), plastic shear slip prevails, and a significant difference between the twomodels emerges. The full model accommodates more intense shear displacements, resulting in increased aperture heterogeneity,enhanced flow channeling, and earlier solute breakthrough, while the simplified model underestimates these effects. Ourresults suggest that great caution is needed when applying simplified models in practice, especially when the stress ratio is high
Expression and Clinical Significance of Sideroflexin 4 (SFXN4) in Colorectal Cancer
No full textBackground/Aim: Sideroflexin 4 (SFXN4) is important for mitochondrial function and relatively unstudied in relation to cancer. The aim of the study was to examine the SFXN4 gene and protein expression in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) to identify associations with various clinicopathological parameters and evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic significance. Patients and Methods: SFXN4 protein and mRNA expression in cancer and paired normal tissues was determined in patients with CRC using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and RT-qPCR. Immunohistochemical staining was used to study the cell type origin of the SFXN4 expression. SFXN4 was silenced in HT-29 cells and several genes known to be involved in colorectal carcinogenesis were examined on mRNA level by RT-qPCR. Results: The protein and mRNA level of SFXN4 was 35 and 19% higher in tumor tissue compared to those in normal paired tissue (p<0.05). Non-mucinous type expressed 21% higher protein level compared to levels in the mucinous type (p<0.05). Immunohistochemistry revealed SFXN4 cytoplasmic staining mainly in the epithelial cells in cancer and normal tissue. A 19% higher SFXN4 mRNA level was observed in smaller tumors and in left colon compared to right colon cancer (p<0.05). Silencing of SFXN4 in HT-29 cells resulted in an up-regulation of IL-8 by 63% and increased proliferation (p<0.05). Conclusion: The findings indicate the importance of SFXN4 in colorectal carcinogenesis and extended studies are necessary to elucidate its role as a prognostic biomarker
The Rights of Nature and Environmental Law: A Developing Relationship
No full textLaws that recognize legal rights for nature have been part of legal systems for about 20 years. By rights of nature, I refer to explicit legal rights of non-human natural entities, such as rivers, ecosystems, or Mother Nature. These laws are in contrast to traditional environmental laws, which typically consist of prohibitions from committing various types of environmental damage or duties to achieve some level of environmental protection. They are also in contrast to human environmental rights, which entitle humans to a healthy environment or some other level of environmental quality. Some rights of nature laws have resulted in greater environmental protection, others have resulted in backlash, and many have not yet had any discernible effect. With two decades of laws and their application to look back on, it is important to take stock of the legal developments around rights of nature laws, including their mobilization by activists, local communities, and others, their application by administrators and by courts, and their impact in the world. In this chapter, I set out potentially fruitful research agendas and questions that can help clarify how these legal tools are working, how they might be improved, and indeed, whether they are a worthwhile improvement on obligation-based environmental law
The translation of cultural elements in Norrlands akvavit by Torgny Lindgren
No full textEl objetivo de esta tesina es investigar cómo se ha traducido la cultura sueca en la novela Norrlands akvavit de Torgny Lindgren, en la traducción española Aguardiente hecha por Juan Capel. Queremos estudiar cuáles son las estrategias utilizadas para traducir la cultura y si existen diferencias en las traducciones de distintos elementos culturales. Para realizar esto, los elementos culturales fueron encontrados durante una lectura paralela de la novela y su traducción, y después clasificados según las categorías culturales de Peter Newmark y las traducciones fueron analizadas según las estrategias de traducción de Jan Pedersen. Los resultados de la investigación muestran que la retención fue la estrategia más utilizada en la traducción de los nombres propios, pero no en las otras categorías culturales, lo que indica una diferencia en las traducciones de diferentes elementos culturales. Por lo tanto, la inclusión de los nombres propios en una investigación sobre la traducción de cultura requiere un análisis cualitativo para dar una imagen correcta. La discusión del estudio consiste en la presentación de unas traducciones con una profundización de las estrategias utilizadas. Se comprueba que la sustitución fue la estrategia más utilizada para los otros elementos culturales, y por lo cual, aunque las retenciones de los nombres propios puedan dar una apariencia de una traducción extranjerizante, la traducción es en realidad domesticadora con un uso extendido de la sustitución. Además, el uso de la generalización ha facilitado la comprensión del texto.
Registered nurses' perceptions of food and mealtimes in palliative care : a cross-sectional study
No full textBackground Food and mealtimes are fundamental aspects of human wellbeing, both considering physiological aspects of human life and social interactions. Since registered nurses are key caregivers in palliative care, the aim of this study was to explore registered nurses’ perceptions of food and mealtimes in palliative care. Methods An exploratory and descriptive cross-sectional, study-specific survey, designed following a systematic review of the literature, was administered online. The study-specific questionnaire consisted of statements about mealtimes in palliative care, and registered nurses were asked to rate the extent to which they agreed with each statement. Using linear regression analysis associations between socio-demographic variables and registered nurses’ perceptions were explored. Additionally, one open-ended question was analysed using deductive content analysis. Results Registered nurses (n = 100) had a mean score of 3.3 on the 4-point scale, indicating agreement with the statements about food and mealtimes. Registered nurses agreed to the largest extent with statements concerning registered nurses’ responsibilities (mean score 3.7), and to the least extent regarding food as improving health and well-being (mean score 2.8). Higher age among registered nurses was statistically significant and associated with a lower degree for food and mealtimes are perceived as distressing (P = 0.004) for patients and family. The open-ended question about “what advice would you give a new colleague about food and mealtimes in palliative care?” pertained to the physical (56%), the social (14%), the psychological (9%), and the existential dimensions (4%), palliative care approach was covered by 17% of the text. Conclusions Registered nurses reported that food and mealtimes in palliative care cause distress for patients and families. They strongly agreed on the importance of addressing issues around food and mealtimes at the end of life, helping patients and families to understand that it is common to stop eating as death approaches. Advice to new colleagues focused mainly on physical care, with fewer registered nurses offering guidance on psychological, social, or existential dimensions. This study highlights the need for support in adopting a holistic approach to mealtimes in palliative care
The 10 m collimated Rowland spectrometer at the MAX IV Veritas beamline
No full textA grazing-incidence Rowland spectrometer with a collimating element for resonant inelastic soft X-ray scattering at the Veritas beamline at MAX IV, Lund, Sweden, is presented. The instrument is designed to operate in the 250-950 eV range, providing > 30000 resolving power in first order. The inherent temporal resolution of the delay-line detector enables time-resolved experiments on the 270 ps time-scale and also allows for so-called time-gating which significantly improves the signal-to-noise ratio. The instrument is able to rotate around the sample position in the horizontal plane, which enables measurements of the momentum transfer in the X-ray scattering event. The instrument is prepared for installation of a polarimeter to provide full characterization of energy, momentum and polarization of the scattered photons. The design is evaluated using spectral measurements, ray-tracing, vibration and motion measurements