Publikationer från Uppsala Universitet
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"Jag har det bästa av två världar" : en kvalitativ studie om hybridarbetets påverkan på medarbetarengagemang hos kunskapsarbetare
No full textI takt med att hybridarbete blir allt mer etablerat uppstår frågor om hur det påverkarmedarbetarengagemanget, särskilt i kunskapsintensivt arbete som delvis beror på socialtutbyte. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka och därmed öka förståelse för hurhybridarbete påverkar medarbetarengagemang hos kunskapsarbetare. Medarbetarengagemangoperationaliseras genom tre dimensioner: arbetstillfredsställelse, involvering samt energi ochpassion och uppnås genom fem organisatoriska förutsättningar för engagemang; variation,utmaning, autonomi, organisatoriskt stöd och transformatoriskt ledarskap. Studien baseras på intervjuer med kunskapsarbetare inom kunskapsintensiva organisationer iprivat sektor. Resultaten visar att hybridmodellen främjar upplevd arbetstillfredsställelsegenom flexibilitet, medan påverkan på involvering och energi och passion är mer splittrad. Analysen visar att den upplevda påverkan hybridmodellen har på medarbetarengagemang,beror på hur väl modellen är utformad efter arbetsuppgifternas karaktär, individuellaförutsättningar, samt att upplevelsen kan vara subjektiv. Slutsatsen kommer fram till atthybridarbete kan främja medarbetarengagemang men endast om den anpassas efterindividuella och organisatoriska behov
Management of Death : En studie om utmaningar inom svenska bankers rutiner för dödsbohantering
No full textTrots att döden är en naturlig del av bankkunders livscykel har dödsbohantering hamnat i skymundan inom såväl företagsekonomisk forskning som praktisk utveckling. Även fast bankverksamheten vilar på ett strikt regelverk och allmänhetens förtroende har brister i bankers dödsbohantering uppmärksammats internationellt, vilket även bekräftas av svenska tidningsartiklar och författarnas egna erfarenheter. Mot denna bakgrund syftar studien till att undersöka vilka utmaningar svenska banker möter i sina rutiner för dödsbohantering och analysera de bakomliggande orsakerna. I form av en kvalitativ, jämförande intervjustudie, i kombination med ett teoretiskt ramverk baserat på organisatoriska rutiner, institutioner, byråkrati och organisatoriskt lärande, har studien kartlagt och härlett utmaningar inom dödsbohantering. I varierande utsträckning står bankerna inför utmaningar med begränsat handlingsutrymme, låg flexibilitet, organisatoriska silos, långa handläggningstider och okunskap hos dödsbodelägare, vilka i sin tur sammanlänkas med fler utmaningar. Dessa bottnar i orsaker såsom regleringar, arbetsdelning och specialisering, samspel med andra aktörer, standardisering och bristande organisatoriskt lärande
Vector-like tops from first generation quarks : the role of width and coupling chiralities in same-charge production at the LHC
No full textIn this paper, we tension the scope of the q¯q, gg → T¯T production process against that of the same-charge uu → TT one in searching for Vector-Like Quarks (VLQs) with electromagnetic charge +2/3 at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The study is conducted by considering a simplified model in which such new states couple exclusively to Standard Model quarks of the first generation through W±, Z and H currents. We consider both left-handed or right-handed dominant chiralities, representative of SU(2)L singlets or doublets, and the total widths are allowed to reach large values relatively to the VLQ masses. By deconstructing the signal into all its components, we assess current and projected constraints, emphasize the role of interference terms and isolate peculiar features which can be used for dedicated searches at the LHC or future colliders
Beyond the Headquarters : Exploring Operational Challenges in Captive Offshoring
No full textIn recent decades, captive offshoring has emerged as a strategic practice that goes beyond the rudimentary objective of cost arbitrage, aiming instead to access international talent, facilitate innovation, and enhance operational flexibility. Among various offshoring destinations, India has gained a distinct position, particularly in the services segment, offering information technology (IT), software, and knowledge services that demand advanced skill sets. However, captive offshore centers in India, now increasingly referred to as Global Capability Centers (GCCs), continue to face operational challenges that require closer examination to ensure long- term success. This thesis explores two central research questions: (1) What key challenges do Global Capability Centers (GCCs) in India currently face? and (2) How do these challenges shape performance outcomes within Global Capability Centers (GCCs)? To address these questions, the study adopts a qualitative approach, utilizing open-ended questionnaires and interviews with twelve senior-level executives working in GCCs in India across IT, software, and investment banking services. The findings reveal that without adequate nurturing by the parent multinational enterprise (MNE), sufficient autonomy, and involvement in corporate decision making, GCCs risk underperforming and becoming misaligned with the strategic objectives of their headquarters. This research contributes to the understanding of the evolving role of GCCs as innovation- driven centers of excellence and highlights the importance of strategic integration between headquarters and offshore entities
Mondrian Forest for On-Device Learning on Resource-Constrained IoT Devices
No full textThis thesis investigates the practical feasibility of Mondrian Forests as an online learning method for resource-constrained Internet of Things (IoT) devices. Mondrian Forests are wellsuited for on-device learning because they support incremental updates without full retraining. They also offer bounded memory usage and are computationally efficient. However, their deployment on embedded systems with limited memory and processing power remains underexplored. We present a native C implementation of Mondrian Forests tailored for microcontroller-class hardware, ensuring functional parity with the original Python algorithm across multiple benchmark datasets including MNIST, USPS, DNA, and Satimage. To address the strict memory constraints typical of IoT devices, we develop and evaluate a suite of memory optimization techniques, including 8-bit integer precision conversion, PCA-based dimensionality reduction, and class-balanced data sampling, alongside model-level optimizations such as limiting tree growth and dynamic memory management. We evaluated the memory footprint of the model alone, excluding other components such as data storage and inference, across three embedded platforms, limiting forest growth once the model reached each platform’s memory capacity. This constraint on the nRF52 platform (0.25 MB memory budget) led to a 5.5 percentage point drop in accuracy on the Satimage dataset, from 84.5% (no memory constraint) to 79%, for a 6-class classification task. While peak memory usage (including model, dataset, and inference) could not be reduced to fit within the 0.25 MB budget, we came close, reaching 0.4 MB with 70% accuracy on Satimage. For more complex datasets, accuracy approached that of random guessing under tight memory constraints. Our results demonstrate that Mondrian Forests can support on-device learning in moderately constrained embedded systems, especially for simpler classification tasks and datasets. However, their need to retain training samples for online learning introduces a key bottleneck, limiting their practicality on ultra-low-memory devices such as the Zoul. This work provides a foundation for advancing memory-efficient, adaptive online learning methods tailored for embedded intelligence. Future research will focus on hybrid memory designs that leverage flash storage for node data, alongside architectural simplifications aimed at reducing memory demands and enhancing training efficiency on severely constrained devices
Studenternas anteckningsmetoder : Hur olika anteckningsmetoder används och upplevs av studenter vid Uppsala Universitet
No full textSyftet med denna studie var att öka kunskapen om hur studenterna upplever att val av anteckningsmetoden digitalt eller för hand påverkar deras inlärning, förståelse och minne. Studien undersökte även vilka faktorer som påverkar studenternas val samt hur dessa är kopplade till lässtrategier och akademiska resultat. Undersökningen genomfördes som en kvalitativ studie med tio semistrukturerade intervjuer med studenter från Uppsala universitet. Urvalet var strategiskt och inkluderade studenter med olika utbildningsbakgrunder och anteckningsvanor. Intervjuerna analyserades tematiskt utifrån aktivitet, sociokulturella och kognitiva konstruktivistiska teoriperspektiv. Fyra huvudsakliga teman identifierades, vilket var val av anteckningsmetod kopplat till studievanor, upplevd påverkan på förståelse och minne, anteckningars roll vid repetition och tentaplugg, samt digitala verktygs flexibilitet kontra distraktioner. Resultaten visade att valet av anteckningsmetod oftast baserades på tidigare erfarenheter, praktiska överväganden och studiemiljö. Många studenter upplevde att handskrivna anteckningar främjade en djupare förståelse och bättre minne, medan digitala anteckningar uppfattades som mer tidseffektiva och flexibla. Slutsatsen blev att båda anteckningsformerna hade sina styrkor och svagheter, och att studenternas val påverkades av både individuella lässtrategier och den digitala utbildningskontexten.
Infrasound in the Production of Biochar
No full textThis project studies the application of infrasound in the pyrolysis process for biochar production.Biochar is a charcoal-like material rich in carbon, which is derived from biomass under low-oxygenconditions. Biochar has many uses, such as carbon capture, pollution removal through adsorption,and in renewable energy systems. However, the limited heat transfer and efficiency of the processpresents a challenge for mass production. Infrasound, which describes sound waves below 20 Hz,has shown potential in enhancing the natural convection and heat transfer during the combustionprocess. This report presents a combination of literature studies and two experiments which investi-gate whether infrasound can improve the efficiency of biochar production. During the first lab, theimpact of the infrasound on the heat distribution in biomass was studied, using a controlled setup tomeasure the temperature differences. The results revealed a significant improvement in convectiveheat transfer when infrasound was applied to the setup. The second lab studied biochar productionwith varying biomass quantities and infrasound amplitudes with the help of a grill with built-in infra-sound speakers. The results from the second lab showed that higher infrasound amplitudes generallyresulted in increased combustion, although safety became a concern at higher temperatures and el-evated amplitudes of infrasound. Further analysis of the produced biochar, with X-ray diffractionand scanning electron microscopy, provided insights regarding its chemical composition as well as itsporosity. This report also presents the results from a literature study on the use of different materialsand the effect each of them has on the pyrolysis process. Woody biomass containing lignin resultsin a high biochar yield, rendering recycled wood panels a promising alternative material. Anotherpromising method is co-pyrolysis, with plastic as a main component along with other organic feed-stocks. A negative side effect from both these methods is the release of toxic volatile gases. Plasticwas shown to have a positive effect on the biochar yield, with improved quality at a low plastic ratioand with a temperature of 300 °C
Observation of early events in the photoactivation of Myxobacterial phytochrome using time-resolved serial femtosecond crystallography
No full textMyxobacteria are non-photosynthetic, soil-dwelling bacteria distinguished by a multicellular stage in their life cycle known as fruiting bodies that are stimulated by light. Myxobacterial phytochromes are candidates for the perception of red-light. The mechanism how light is perceived and converted to a physiological response is unknown. Here, time-resolved serial femtosecond crystallographic (TR-SFX) experiments were conducted on microcrystals of the photosensory core module of the Stigmatella aurantiaca bacteriophytochrome 2 (SaBphP2). Initial events of the Z to E isomerization reaction of the covalently bound, open-chain tetrapyrrole biliverdin (BV) chromophore were determined. At 3 ps after light activation, the BV ring-D assumes a configuration needed for the isomerization. At 100 ps, a mixture of BV in the Z or E configuration is observed in subunit A, while in the other subunit the chromophore remains in the Z configuration. In conjunction with prior results, these structures reveal the molecular mechanism of phytochrome activation in the photomorphogenesis of the myxobacteria and provide the molecular foundation for physiological responses to red light in other bacteria
Investigating Material Transformations in Water Electrolysis for Green Hydrogen Generation
No full textWater electrolysis for Green Hydrogen production is an integral technology that is necessary in achieving climate neutrality. With different technological solutions been proposed, proton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE) is one of the highly investigated technologies, as it has higher efficiency, higher hydrogen purity and being compatible with renewable energy. However, one of the key issues with PEM water electrolysis is the inflated cost of iridium, which is the catalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Recently, the Swedish company, Smoltek Hydrogen (SH) has made major strides in reducing the amount of Iridium needed for PEMWE, by creating a novel porous transport elctrode (PTE) for the OER. This report investigates the material transformation on this developed by SH layer, where the catalyst layer consists of metallic Ir particles, which is deposited over nanofibers ofcarbon (CNF) with a platinum thin anti corrosion layer coverage. In this report, we try to investigate the material transformation on the electrode surface using x-ray photoelectronspectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. Two samples were taken for the study: a pristine sample and another sample which had undergone a 5000-cycle accelerated durability test in acid electrolyte. The results from this investigation indicate anoxidation of Ir(0) to predominantly Ir(IV) with contribution from other oxidation state(s) in the long ran sample. The formation of Ir(IV) is in line with the OER results and also from other studies. This also suggests that it would be more efficient to apply Ir in its favourableoxidated state (IrOx) when assembling the porous transport electrode (PTE) in the electrolyzer.
Adding information on multisite and widespread pain to the STarT back screening tool when identifying low back pain patients at risk of worse prognosis
No full textObjectives The STarT Back screening Tool (SBT) captures patients with low back pain (LBP) at risk of worse prognosis. However, the SBT does not include assessment of multisite and chronic widespread pain (MS-CWP). The aim was to study the differences in prognostic factors in patients with LBP classified according to SBT or SBT in combination with MS-CWP, and the 1-year outcome regarding visits to physiotherapist and sickness absence, in relation to risk scorings. Methods In this 1-year prospective study, adults (18–67 years) seeking care for LBP in primary care were classified into three prognostic risk groups (low, medium, high), using SBT only and using a combined screening tool (SBT and MS-CWP). Differences in prognostic factors at baseline, and outcome in terms of number of physiotherapist visits and sickness absence the year after inclusion were compared for risk groups derived by the two methods. Results Eighty-four patients (61% women) were included in the study. According to SBT alone, 19 were classified as low risk, 48 as medium risk, and 17 as high risk. When using the combined screening tool, additionally seven patients from the medium risk group were classified as high risk. Patients classified as high risk by SBT only or by the combined screening tool showed similar statistically significant worse mental health, health status, kinesiophobia, physical function, and sleep, as compared to the low-risk group. There were no differences in visits to physiotherapist and sickness absence between the risk groups for neither of the tools. Conclusion The combined screening tool resulted in more patients being classified as high risk than with SBT alone. The three risk groups identified either by SBT alone or by the combined screening tool differed significantly on all investigated prognostic factors, suggesting that including MS-CWP to the SBT captures more patients at risk