Publikationer från Uppsala Universitet
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Importance of allergic sensitisation for normal range of fractional exhaled nitric oxide in adolescents
No full textBACKGROUND: In addition to body anthropometrics, allergen sensitization has been shown to influence the levels of exhaled fractional nitric oxide (FeNO) in adults, but whether this relationship is valid also in younger age groups, how it compares to the fixed cut-off levels recommended for clinical practice, and relates to respiratory symptoms remains to be confirmed. METHOD: FeNO, sensitization, respiratory symptoms, and spirometry were evaluated in 2054 adolescents taking part in the 16-year follow-up of the Swedish BAMSE birth cohort. RESULTS: The median and upper limit of FeNO was related to the presence and type of allergic sensitisation and poorly represented by one fixed cutoff. For example, the 95th percentiles for sensitisation to dogs were 89 ppb in females and 87 ppb in males. A FeNO value above the sensitisation-specific 95th percentile was, in those with allergic sensitisation, related to significantly higher odds for current asthma (OR 4.10, 95% CI 2.44-6.89) and wheeze (OR 2.58, 95% CI 1.44-4.62). In those without allergic sensitisation, a FeNO above the 95th percentile was related to wheeze (OR 3.20, 95% CI 1.37-7.51). The odds for having airway obstruction were not related to any of the FeNO cutoffs for either of the groups. CONCLUSION: We have shown that the FeNO upper limit of normal is dependent on the presence and type of allergic sensitization and that these cutoffs differ from the fixed cutoffs of 25 and 50 ppb recommended in the literature. Sensitization specific rather than fixed limit cutoffs may be more relevant to asthma diagnosis and asthma symptoms in a general adolescent population
Direct Evidence of Bimolecular Proton-Coupled Energy Transfer at Room Temperature
No full textA new elementary reaction, denoted proton-coupled energy transfer (PCEnT), has been recently reported in a series of donor-acceptor molecules. In this reaction, excited state energy transfer is made possible by a simultaneous transfer of a proton on the energy acceptor. This type of elementary reaction could have, by analogy to proton-coupled electron transfer, an important role in photochemistry and energy transportation of biological systems. In the previously reported case, the reaction is shown to occur intramolecularly in a covalently linked system in a 77 K glass. In this work, we identify a suitable bimolecular system for PCEnT and provide direct evidence for PCEnT in a room temperature solution using fluorescence spectroscopy. Based on these results, we discuss some simple design principles for PCEnT, including some of the current obstacles in designing a successful system
"I came there ready to fight" : The experiences of autistic transgender individuals with gender affirming care
No full textOver the last decade or so, questions over the efficacy of gender affirming care for autistic transgender individuals have arisen, yet little research examines their lived experiences. This study explores how autistic transgender adults in Sweden and the Netherlands navigate such care. Making use of disability studies, trans studies, and affect theory, eight interviews were analysed, finding three main themes: circulating stories, anticipated and actual denial, and barriers in navigating healthcare spaces. Findings show that circulating narratives strongly influence expectations of and opinions on gender affirming care. Appointment systems can be difficult to navigate, as they were created based on neurotypical standards, leading to drained energy and difficulties with executive dysfunction. Some participants hid or masked their autism to avoid gatekeeping, but this reduced access to necessary accommodations and increased emotional strain. This research argues for better training of gender affirming healthcare providers in recognising neurodivergence and assisting those who are neurodivergent. Gender affirming care should be adapted to each individual’s needs, for all transgender individuals, and not be a one-size-fits-all treatment plan
Reviewing published and grey literature in local European languages to supplement existing databases on floral resource traits
No full textThe aim of the study was to collect data on plant phenology, density of flowers and production of floral resources in European countries, using published and grey literature written in local languages. The search was conducted in 11 European languages (Danish, Dutch, French, German, Greek, Italian, Norwegian Bokm & aring;l, Portuguese, Romanian, Spanish and Swedish) and included published and unpublished data from local journals, books, databases or master and doctoral theses. The collection contains 2382 records for 1132 plant species from 113 families. Most of the data collected is on flowering phenology, with a relatively large amount of data on nectar/sugar production and less on pollen production and floral density (1474, 1141, 325 and 152 records, respectively). Our study is unique in collecting data on floral resource traits in local European languages. The data collected are a valuable addition to existing floral resource trait databases and can help to quantify the floral resources available to pollinators and other organisms that depend on them for food in different habitats and ecosystems. At the same time, our collection, in combination with other databases on floral resource traits, allows the identification of plant genera and families for which information is scarce, as well as the best-studied plants and countries where research on floral resource traits has a long tradition. Synthesis and applications. Our research shows the value of using data published in local languages, often as grey literature, especially when building ecological databases of various kinds. Much of the basic data we collected on floral resource traits is available in literature published long ago, making it even more difficult for the research community to access. We discussed several technical issues that can be encountered when collecting such floristic data, especially if the data are to be further used in modelling
The Role and Structure of Earnouts among Swedish Serial Acquirers : A Mixed-method Study
No full textThis thesis examines earnouts and their application in transactions conducted by Swedish serial acquirers, focusing on structure, prevalence, and the motivations behind their use. By addressing the gap in literature regarding Swedish serial acquirers, the study contributes to practical knowledge and academic research on earnouts in the M&A context.A mixed-method approach was adopted, combining a descriptive quantitative analysis of 223 M&A transactions completed between 2021 and 2024 by eight publicly listed Swedish serial acquirers, with qualitative insights from semi-structured interviews with M&A professionals at the same firms. A sequential explanatory design begins with quantifying earnout frequency, ratio, and tied performance metrics, followed by thematic analysis of interview data to understand the reasoning behind their use.The findings reveal a high prevalence of earnouts, being present in 72 percent of all the transactions studied. Earnout ratio on average made up 27 percent of the total purchase price, and earnouts were most commonly tied to earnings-based metrics (93 percent), with EBITA being used the most (40 percent). Core motivations behind their use were mainly bridging valuation gaps from information asymmetry, and secondly, retaining key management post-acquisition.The results showcase how earnouts are a valuable tool for serial acquirers active in Sweden, mitigating uncertainties and transaction risks
CAPTURING DISPLACEMENT : A Dialectical Mixed-Methods Approach to the Study of Renoviction-A Case from Sweden
No full textIn this article, we seek to contribute to the understanding and measurement of displacement through a dialectical mixed-methods study grounded in a dialogue between quantitative and qualitative approaches throughout the entire research process. Guided by a desire for social justice for the populations at stake, this dialogue is anchored in a social constructivist approach in which an intersectional understanding of power relations within capitalism, racism and patriarchy informs the methods used, and the interaction between them. The article examines the rent-raising renovations ('renovictions') in rental apartments in Kvarng & auml;rdet and Gr & auml;nby, two working-class neighborhoods in Uppsala, Sweden. Intertwining ethnographic and statistical methods, we reveal how displacement affected the lives of the residents in complex ways, even though the neighborhoods were not gentrified. Our approach demonstrates how a combination of methods employed through a continuous exchange between researchers who work with different tools but share similar ontological standpoints can provide insights on displacement which cannot easily be captured. The results of the study are presented in three dimensions: the epistemological, the methodological and the empirical, concluding that a social constructivist dialectical mixed-methods approach is needed to bridge ontological gaps between methods, and to capture the intricate aspects involved in displacement processes
Water in Prussian blue analogues : A blessing or a curse?
No full textPrussian blue analogues (PBAs), AxM[M’(CN)6]1–y·zG, are used in many different applications, such as energy storage, due to their tunable composition and structural diversity. To understand the material properties, it is important to accurately determine the composition and atomic structure of these materials. However, this is challenging due to the interdependent relationship between the three compositional parameters: the alkali cation (Ax), water (z), and [M’(CN)6]n– (y) vacancy content. Furthermore, the atomic structure depends on the composition, which leads to a rich structural landscape that further influences the material properties. This thesis presents a comprehensive strategy for characterizing the composition and atomic structure of iron- and sodium-based PBAs. To accurately determine the composition of iron-based PBAs, it was found that a combination of multiple characterization techniques is needed; especially Mössbauer spectroscopy proved vital for accurately determining the vacancy content. Neutron diffraction, neutron total scattering, quasi-elastic neutron scattering, and inelastic neutron scattering were applied to probe the local and average structures as well as the dynamics of the water in PBAs as a function of sodium content and temperature. It was found that the PBA system is more dynamic than previously thought, and that the sodium and water can occupy a broad range of positions, which change with temperature. The material becomes more disordered upon dehydration or when the sodium content is lowered. Additionally, distortions of the PBA framework proved to be an inherent property of these materials. This work also demonstrates that neutron diffraction alone is insufficient to describe sodium and water positions, confirming the need for local probes such as total scattering and inelastic neutron scattering. These findings highlight the importance of proper compositional, structural, and dynamical characterization using multiple techniques and lay the groundwork for further development of new PBAs
Understanding User Trust in AI-Driven Recommendation Systems : A Theory of Planned Behavior Approach on Personalized Video Recommendations on YouTube
No full textRegistered Nurses' Promotion of Children's Participation During Medication Follow-Up in Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Outpatient Care
No full textChildren treated with psychotropic medication have regular medication follow-ups with registered nurses (RNs) at the child and adolescent psychiatric outpatient care (CAPOC) unit, where RNs are responsible for ensuring that children can actively participate in their care on their own terms. This study explored how RNs in Swedish CAPOC units promote children's participation in medication follow-ups. Five focus group interviews were conducted with in total 32 RNs, and the data obtained were analyzed by qualitative thematic analysis. Three themes demonstrate how RNs adapt the medication follow-ups to promote children's participation: the first concerns balancing the needs and desires of both the child and the parents; the second involves recognizing each child based on their unique circumstances and interests; and the third theme is about how RNs adjust their communication to ensure that the child is given comprehensible information and has the opportunity to express themself. Our findings highlight how RNs promote children's participation in medication follow-ups and the challenges they encounter in accordance with child-centered care. In this three-way relationship with RNs, the child, and parents, RNs need to balance between the child's perspective and the parents' needs and desires
Modellering och optimering av biosteget vid Mariestads avloppsreningsverk
No full textI samband med en ökande befolkningsmängd måste även avloppsreningsverk kapacitet utökasför att klara av att rena inkommande avloppsvatten från ämnen som COD, BOD, kväve ochfosfor för att inte de ska bidra till en ökad övergödning i sjöar och vattendrag. Detta tillsammansmed ökade krav via EU:s nya avloppsdirektiv gör att ett avloppsreningsverk som Mariestadmåste rustas upp. Examensarbetet använder modellverktyget BioWin för att ställa upp enmodell över Mariestads avloppsreningsverk och testa olika dimensioneringar samtdriftstrategier för en potentiell ombyggnation. Modellen kalibrerades med hjälp av befintligadata samt en omfattande extra provtagning för att fraktionera inkommande avloppsvatten.Den extra provtagningen testade fraktioner av COD, BOD7, kväve, ammonium och fosfor varjevecka från den 21 mars till den 6 maj 2025, parallellt med rutinprovtagningen. Underprovtagningsperioden utfördes en intensivvecka av provtagning för att undersökaveckovariationer. Trots modellkalibrering med dessa data uppnåddes inte precisa simuleringarav utgående kvävekoncentrationer. Detta märktes genom att modellen alltid predikterade enhögre kvävehalt än vad som uppmättes vid avloppsreningsverket.Vidare jämfördes olika dimensioneringar och driftstrategier med fokus på att minimerautgående kvävehalt samt att minska energiförbrukningen. Studien visar att enbassängkonfiguration/dimensionering med tre flexzoner (luftad eller oluftad zon) ochammoniumstyrd luftning ger en god reningsgrad samt en låg energiförbrukning.Resultaten visar på att modellbaserad dimensionering kan vara ett bra verktyg vidombyggnation av reningsverk. Med hjälp av modellbaserad dimensionering kan risken föröverdimensionering minimeras vilket bidrar till lägre kostnader och mindre miljöpåverkan.