Publikationer från Uppsala Universitet
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Exploring the Role of Photolysis in the Aquatic Fate of Antimicrobial Transformation Products : Implications for One Health
No full textAntibiotic transformation products (TPs) are common contaminants in aquatic environments. With emerging concerns about their potential role in antimicrobial resistance (AMR), elucidating the processes governing their aquatic occurrences and behaviors is important. Yet, the environmental fate of these TPs remains largely unknown. In this pilot study, we investigate the photodegradation kinetics of antibiotic TPs across different environmental waters by exposing selected TPs, from various antibiotic families, to environmentally relevant irradiation intensities. N4-Acetylsulfamethoxazole showed the highest tolerance to photolysis across matrices, whereas for TPs like anhydro-erythromycin, clindamycin sulfoxide, and hydroxy-trimethoprim demonstrated, water constituents clearly modulate aquatic degradation through indirect photolysis. Notably, 4-epianhydrotetracycline, erythromycin A enol ether, and hydroxy-metronidazole were highly susceptible to direct photolysis, which was further enhanced via other pathways such as indirect photolysis. Further, existing computational tools were evaluated for their predictive reliability by comparing experimentally derived half-lives with QSAR-based estimates. The results indicate poor correlation between predicted and observed estimates, highlighting the complexity of environmental photodegradation that current molecular descriptors may not fully capture. This study underscores the need for refining predictive models to improve their generalizability. Ultimately, our findings contribute to a better understanding of the antibiotic TP fate and potential role in the emergence and proliferation of AMR
Trajectories of work disability and unemployment before and after a common mental disorder diagnosis among young private sector employees in Sweden–a register-based longitudinal study
No full textPurpose To identify trajectory groups of work disability (WD), including sick leave and disability pension, and unemployment three years before and six years (from Y-3 to Y + 6) after a common mental disorder (CMD) diagnosis and to investigate associations of socio-demographic, work-related and clinical factors with trajectory membership. Methods A longitudinal nationwide register-based study was conducted including individuals aged 22–29 years, gainfully employed in the private sector, with a CMD diagnosis in specialised healthcare or prescribed antidepressant (N = 12,121) in 2014 (Year 0/Y0), with follow-up from Y-3 to Y + 6. Group-based trajectory analyses identified groups of individuals who followed similar trajectories of months of WD and unemployment, respectively. Multinomial logistic regression determined associations between socio-demographic, work-related and clinical factors and trajectory membership. Results In the CMD group, we identified three trajectory groups, each for WD and unemployment. Only 7% individuals belonged to a ‘Fluctuant high’ trajectory group with four months of WD in Y0, which peaked at 7 months in Y + 3 and reduced to 5 months in Y + 6. For unemployment, 15% belonged to an ‘Increasing medium’ trajectory group that steadily increased from 1.3 months in Y0 to 2.6 months in Y + 6. Sex, educational level and musculoskeletal disorders for WD, and educational level, living area and occupational class for unemployment, influentially determined the variance across the CMD trajectory groups. Conclusions Specific vulnerable groups regarding unfavourable WD (women, low education and musculoskeletal disorders) and unemployment (manual work, low education and rural residence) trajectories require special attention regarding their return-to-work process following a CMD diagnosis
A Practical Approach to Implementing ICH Q14 : Tools for Analytical Quality by Design in Capillary Electrophoresis Method Development
No full textThe ICH Q14 guideline introduces a structured framework for analytical method development based on Analytical Quality by Design (AQbD) principles, aiming to ensure robust, reliable, and fit-for-purpose methods throughout the product lifecycle. However, implementing ICH Q14 remains challenging due to the lack of complete examples and training resources, making it difficult for organizations to translate theory into practice. Although previous studies have applied AQbD to capillary electrophoresis method development, many have focused only on specific aspects such as the design of experiments (DoEs) or analytical target profile (ATP), leaving a gap in providing comprehensive, practical tools for the entire analytical lifecycle. This manuscript presents a novel, user-friendly approach to implementing ICH Q14 and AQbD, offering ready-to-implement tools and methodologies that simplify the process of method design, optimization, validation, and implementation. Through a stepwise process, the approach provides practical solutions for integrating AQbD principles into everyday workflows, bridging the gap between theoretical concepts and real-world applications. The approach has been thoroughly tested in diverse industrial settings, demonstrating its reliability and effectiveness. This work aims to facilitate the adoption of AQbD in analytical method development by providing structured tools, lessons learned, and best practices that align with ICH Q14 guidelines
Validation of sleep-wake estimation from thigh-worn accelerometers against polysomnography in adolescents with and without mental disorders
No full textBackground: To validate the estimation of sleep-wake patterns using thigh-worn accelerometers against polysomnography -the gold standard for sleep assessment-in adolescents with and without mental disorders from the Danish High Risk and Resilience Study, addressing the feasibility of simpler methods in clinical populations. Methods: 146 adolescents (ages 15-17) underwent one night polysomnography and concurrent thigh-worn accelerometry. Sleep-wake parameters-total sleep time, sleep efficiency, sleep onset latency, wake after sleep onset (WASO), and number of awakenings -were compared using ActiPASS software. Reliability was evaluated in the full sample and in subgroups of participants fulfilling and not fulfilling criteria for an Axis I mental disorder. Sensitivity and specificity were estimated based on cut-off values. Results: ActiPASS underestimated total sleep time by 51.7 min, sleep efficiency by 1.4%, and number of awakenings by 13.7, and overestimated sleep onset latency by 23.7 min and WASO by 25.7 min compared to polysomnography. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were high for total sleep time (0.88), moderate for sleep efficiency (0.55), sleep onset latency (0.69), and WASO (0.64), but low for number of awakenings (0.39). Group-level ICCs were marginally higher in the "No Mental Disorder" group. Sensitivity was perfect and specificity high for total sleep time < 360 min. Sensitivity was high and specificity moderate for WASO > 50 min and sleep onset latency > 30 min. Conclusions: Thigh-worn accelerometers showed potential for monitoring of sleep-wake patterns and screening for sleep disturbances in adolescents with mental disorders, demonstrating moderate to high reliability for key sleep-wake metrics
Användning av vägsalt nu och i framtiden - En studie av kloridhalter i grundvatten hos Värmdö och Söderhamns vattenskyddsområden
No full textVägsalt används ofta i Sverige för att säkerställa framfarten på vägar under vintrarna. Trots att det är en viktig metod för halkbekämpning finns risker för dess påverkan på grundvattenresurser. Kloridjoner som sprids från vägbanan och hamnar i grundvattnet kan leda till både ekologiska och vattenkvalitetsrelaterade problem. En betydande del av Sveriges dricksvatten kommer från grundvattenförekomster i närheten av vägar och därför är det viktigt att förstå hur vägsalt påverkar kloridhalterna, både idag och i ett framtida förändrat klimat. I denna studie analyserades kloridhalter i kombination med saltanvändning i två Svenska vattenskyddsområden: Ingarö Brunn (Värmdö kommun) och Mohed - Kinsta (Söderhamn kommun). Båda områden har kommunala grundvattentäkter och vägsträckor där halkbekämpning med salt sker vintertid. För Ingarö Brunn analyserades data för perioden 2015 – 2025, medan det för Mohed Kinsta fanns en längre mätserie gällande kloridhalter, åren 1989 - 2025. Resultaten visar att kloridhalterna är måttliga och uppvisar viss variation för Ingarö Brunn, medan för Mohed-Kinsta ökade halterna under 1990-talet men har därefter varit stabila. En dynamisk modell upprättades i STELLA för grundvattenmagasinet Ingarö Brunn för att simulera kloridhalter under olika scenarier. Viktiga parametrar var applicerad saltmängd, nederbörd, evapotranspiration, grundvattenuttag och magasinegenskaper. En känslighetsanalys visade att mängd vägsalt och nederbörd hade störst påverkan, medan uttag och magasinvolym gav mindre effekt. Resultaten indikerar att vägsalt kan bidra till förhöjda kloridhalter i grundvatten, men hur stor påverkan det blir styrs av ett komplext samband mellan flera olika faktorer. Dessa innefattar exempelvis geologi, grundvattenförekomstens egenskaper, uttag och brunnarnas placering – både i relation till vägar och andra möjliga kloridkällor som relikt salt eller havsvatten. Den upprättade modellen antar vissa förenklingar, men bidrar trots detta till insikter över hur viktiga parametrar påverkar kloridnivåer och belyser vikten av fortsatt insamling av data, både över kloridhalter men även saltåtgången längs känsliga vägsträckor i landet. I framtiden, med ett förändrat klimat, blir liknande analyser allt viktigare, för att balansera trafiksäkerhet med hållbar grundvattenförvaltning. Salt application with sodium chloride (NaCl) is often used in Sweden to ensure traffic safety during winters. While it is an important measure for de-icing, the environmental impact on groundwater resources remain a concern. Chloride ions that end up outside of the road in nature are problematic and can lead to environmental and water quality problems. Groundwater are an important source used for drinking water in Sweden, and it is therefore crucial to assess how road salt may affect chloride levels in aquifers, both at present times, but also in a future changing climate. This study analyzed the chloride levels combined with amount of applied road salt in two different Swedish water protection areas: Ingarö Brunn (Värmdö municipality), and Mohed- Kinsta (Söderhamn municipality). Both areas use groundwater to supply the local population, and have roads where road salt is applied during winter. For Ingarö Brunn, data between 2015- 2025 were analyzed. A longer dataset was available for Mohed-Kinsta regarding the chloride levels (1989-2025). The results show that chloride levels are moderate but variable in Ingarö Brunn, while Mohed-Kinsta increased in the 1990s and has since been stable. As a complement to the data analysis, a dynamic model over the groundwater body of Ingarö Brunn was constructed in STELLA, to simulate chloride concentrations in a range of different scenarios. Key parameters in the model include: applied road salt, precipitation, evapotranspiration, groundwater uptake and aquifer volume. A sensitivity analysis was conducted on the resulting model, and it was shown that changes in road salt application and precipitation had the largest impact on simulated chloride concentrations, while factors such as groundwater uptake and aquifer volume showed only minor effects. The results indicate that salt application can contribute to elevated chloride levels in groundwater, but the extent of impact is governed by a complex relationship between multiple local factors such as geology, recharge, groundwater uptake and well location – both in relation to the road but also other possible chloride sources such as saline groundwater or the sea. The model simplifies several processes, but still provides valuable insights to how key parameters impact on chloride levels and the importance of continued sampling of field data. In the future, with shifts in winter temperature, similar analyses will be increasingly relevant to balance safe winter roads with sustainable groundwater management.
Compromising in business networks : a case of creating a big science facility
No full textPurpose In megaprojects, as in many other interorganisational settings, several interests are at stake simultaneously, causing tensions that need to be resolved. In this paper, the authors take a closer look at compromises as one possible path for resolution. This study aims to make a theoretical contribution to the literature on business networks regarding the phenomenon of compromises and their effects in a compromising process. Design/methodology/approach Based on the Industrial Network Approach, the authors investigate a case where a big science facility is created. The case focuses in particular on the compromises that were important for the creation. Findings The authors show that the creation process is characterised by a need from involved actors to continuously balance different goals and expectations through strategies that often include a need to compromise. A compromise is, hence, best understood as a process phenomenon where there is a pre-compromising stage, a compromising stage and a post-compromising stage where the performative process of creating the facility continues with the compromise as a mutual commitment that directs and restricts the continued performance of the involved actors. Originality/value The paper contributes to the Industrial Network Approach by pinpointing the concept of compromise, as well as by demonstrating and discussing some of the benefits of studying tensions as a source of business network dynamics. In addition, the authors contribute to different interorganisational theories that use the concept of compromise by focusing on compromise as process
Immunological response and tissue loss in a rodent model of chronic traumatic brain injury treated with resolvin
No full textBackgroundTraumatic brain injury (TBI) triggers neuroinflammation both acutely and chronically, the latter which might be involved in neurodegenerative disorders. Resolvins are neuroinflammatory modulators, hypothesized to improve resolution of inflammation. This study sought to explore sustained immunological responses after delayed treatment with resolvins utilizing novel tools for automated cellular assessments.Materials and methodsTwenty-five rodents (Sprague-Dawley rats) were exposed to a penetrating TBI, following which delayed treatment with resolvin was initiated. Assessments of tissue loss, and persistent neuroinflammatory activation, was assessed at 6 weeks post-injury utilizing histological and immunohistochemical methods. We also developed a novel computational tool to count and automatically assess cell counts across treatment groups.ResultsThe TBI model elicited a substantial brain injury, as expected. The lesion cavity volume was not affected by resolvin or vehicle treatment. Notably, both microglial and macrophage responses were also similar between treatment groups, as deemed by state-of-the-art computational models.ConclusionResolvins administered in a delayed fashion following severe TBI did not affect the extent of chronic microglial or macrophage responses, but warrants future corroboration. Dosing and timing of resolvin treatment warrants further study
Healthcare providers' experiences of promoting health literacy in migrant women after pregnancy : a qualitative study
No full textLow health literacy is linked to poorer health outcomes, higher mortality, and reduced quality of life. Forced migrant women may face disrupted health literacy upon arrival, leading to decreased healthcare seeking and delayed maternity care. As migrant reproductive health is a key public health priority, it is vital to understand how to effectively deliver postnatal health information. The aim of this study was to explore healthcare providers' experiences of providing health information after pregnancy to women who have migrated to Sweden. A qualitative interview study was conducted, in which purposive sampling was used to recruit twenty healthcare professionals with a variety of occupational backgrounds and expertise. Inclusion criteria included having experience working with migrant women who had given birth. Data were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis. Three main themes were identified in the study. These include building trust and confidence at the organizational level, providing health information in native languages through various settings, and adapting information to the varied needs and circumstances of the target group. Migrant women's health literacy can be improved by fostering trust through continuous, culturally sensitive care that spans pregnancy and the postnatal period. Healthcare providers emphasized the need for personalized support and communication tailored to language, culture, and understanding. Organizational support such as interprofessional collaboration, continuity of care, and use of community-based resources was seen as essential. Providing information in native languages was identified as a key strategy for making health information accessible and actionable
Editor's Choice - European Society for Vascular Surgery (ESVS) 2025 Clinical Practice Guidelines on the Management of Diseases of the Mesenteric and Renal Arteries and Veins
No full textObjective: The European Society for Vascular Surgery (ESVS) has developed clinical practice guidelines for the care of patients with diseases of the mesenteric and renal arteries and veins, in succession to the first 2017 guidelines, with the aim of assisting physicians and patients in selecting the best management strategy. Methods: These guidelines are based on scientific evidence and expert opinion. By summarising and evaluating the best available evidence, recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of patients have been formulated. The recommendations are graded according to the new ESVS clinical practice guidelines class of recommendation grading system, where the strength (class) of each recommendation is graded from Ito III, and the letter A to C marks the level of evidence. Results: A total of 102 recommendations have been issued on the management of chronic arterial mesenteric ischaemia, median arcuate ligament syndrome, acute arterial mesenteric ischaemia, non-occlusive mesenteric ischaemia, venous mesenteric thrombosis and ischaemia, occlusive disease of the renal arteries and veins, visceral artery aneurysms, and spontaneous isolated dissection of the visceral arteries. Conclusion: These 2025 ESVS clinical practice guidelines provide comprehensive and up to date advice to physicians and patients on the management of diseases of the mesenteric and renal arteries and veins.