Publikationer från Uppsala Universitet
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Worldviews and Science
No full textThe increasing number of individuals who lack religious faith or self-identify as nonreligious in certain parts of the world necessitates a shift in the science–religion dialogue and a change of some key categories and notions. This shift, I argue, implies the expansion of the science–religion dialogue into a science–worldview dialogue, so the core question becomes the relevance of science for the formation, revision, and rejection of both religious worldviews (such as Buddhism, Christianity, and Islam) and secular worldviews (such as scientific naturalism, liberal naturalism, and secular humanism). I begin by explaining what worldview studies are and why refocusing from science and religions to science and worldviews is important. I then identify the main ways of relating science and worldviews in a new typology and provide examples for each
Konkurrensklausulers skälighet i ljuset av avtalsfriheten : En rättsdogmatisk studie om konkurrensklausuler i Sverige
No full textDen här kandidatuppsatsen i handelsrätt analyserar bedömning av konkurrensklausulers skälighet, i ljuset av avtalsfriheten. Syftet är att fastställa hur skäligheten genom praxis rättsligt bedöms. Debatten om konkurrensklausuler speglar konflikt mellan arbetsmarknadens parter, där arbetsgivaren önskar utökat skydd gentemot konkurrenter, och arbetstagaren värnar rätten till fri rörlighet och försörjning. Detta skapar en spänning mellan arbetsgivares behov att skydda affärshemligheter och individens möjlighet att fritt använda sin kompetens på arbetsmarknaden. I Sverige tillämpas konkurrensklausuler i stor utsträckning. Klausulerna avtalas som del av anställningsavtalet, och ämnar skydda företags resurser från konkurrenter. Dessa resurser består mer ofta av arbetstagares unika kompetens, eller företagshemligheter. Parallellt inskränker klausulerna på arbetstagares rätt till fri rörlighet på arbetsmarknaden, och riskerar att strida mot en av EU-rättens grundprinciper om fri rörlighet för arbetstagare. Genom tillämpning av rättsdogmatisk metod och granskning av svensk lagstiftning, förordningar, rättspraxis och kollektivavtal är konklusionen att domstolen vid skälighetsbedömningen av konkurrensklausuler tar flertalet kontextuella faktorer i beaktning. Uppsatsen visar att det trots regelverkets intentioner kvarstår osäkerheter beträffande vad som utgör en skälig konkurrensklausul. Slutsatsen är att konkurrensklausuler fyller en viktig funktion för arbetsmarknaden, men kräver noggrann utformning och rättslig prövning för att säkerställa balans mellan dess parter
Value Cocreation and Codestruction in Digital Health Services : Protocol for a Systematic Review
No full textBackground: To successfully design, develop, implement, and deliver digital health services that provide value, they should be cocreated with patients. However, occasionally, the value may also be codestructed. In the field of health care, the concepts of value cocreation and codestruction still need to be better established within emerging digital health services. Studying these concepts is essential for developing effective and sustainable patient-centered care. Objective: The aim of the study is (1) to understand the antecedents, decisions, and outcomes of value cocreation and codestruction in digital health services, (2) to define the dynamics between value cocreation and codestruction, and (3) to map future research areas of value cocreation and codestruction within digital health services. Methods: The systematic review will be conducted in accordance with the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for mixed method systematic reviews and the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) statement. The review considers scientific qualitative, quantitative, or mixed method studies published in English, Finnish, or Swedish that concern either value cocreation or codestruction in digital health services. Studies focusing on physical robotics and online health communities, as well as non–peer-reviewed and nonscientific papers, will be excluded. The searches were conducted using Scopus and MEDLINE during this protocol creation. Critical appraisal will be done using suitable checklists for qualitative, quantitative, and mixed method studies. The review will adhere to a convergent integrated approach as outlined in the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for mixed methods systematic reviews. Results: The searches resulted in a total of 837 records. The antecedents, decisions, and outcomes of value cocreation and codestruction in the context of digital health services will be described in a finalized systematic review. In the outcomes, our main interest is the effect on patient outcomes and experiences and professional experiences. Conclusions: Since our study involves diverse scientific fields, there is a risk that our search does not capture all relevant papers. To mitigate this risk, we used 2 large databases for the searches. In addition, the value cocreation or codestruction terms may not have been used in all studies focusing on the collaborative roles of patients and providers, especially in the medical field, and that may be difficult to capture. The review reveals the current understanding of value cocreation and codestruction in digital health services and shapes the research agenda for these phenomena. Value cocreation can be used to both design and efficiently use digital health services trying to maximize the value for patients
A two-wave survey study examining the impact of different sources of pregnancy information on pregnancy-related anxiety among Swedish women
No full textIntroduction: During pregnancy, women rely on a variety of sources to obtain information. However, not all of these sources are equally reliable, and there is the concern that especially online information-seeking may increase pregnancy-related anxiety. This study examines to what extent different sources of pregnancy information are associated with concurrent pregnancy-related anxiety (RQ1) and changes in pregnancy-related anxiety throughout the pregnancy (RQ2). Methods: This study was integrated into the ongoing Swedish Mom2B study (substudy data collection: December 2022–April 2024), where women complete weekly questionnaires via a research app. Each trimester, they received questions about their use of information sources and pregnancy-related anxiety. Results: Our sample consisted of 751 pregnant women (273 with at least two waves of data). Using the midwife (β= -0.14, p<0.001; 95% CI: -3.32 – -1.13) or social circle (β= -0.08, p<0.05; 95% CI: -2.83 – -0.07) as a source of pregnancy-and childbirth-related information was associated with lower levels of pregnancy-related anxiety. In contrast, reliance on online sources for information was associated with higher levels of anxiety (β=0.14, p<0.001; 95% CI: 1.52–5.03). Except for (e-)books, which lowered the odds of improving anxiety (OR=0.62, p<0.01; 95% CI: 0.45–0.85), none of the information sources predicted changes in pregnancy-related anxiety over time. Conclusions: Not all information sources play an equal role in relation to pregnancyrelated anxiety. Interpersonal sources in particular may help mitigate anxiety. However, future research with more nuanced methodologies and shorter measurement intervals could clarify possible causal relationships and refine our understanding of how various information sources affect pregnancy-related anxiety over time
Development of a pipeline for segmentation and 3D visualization of neuroblastoma in pediatric imaging data
No full textWhen it comes to pediatric oncology surgery, i.e. surgery of children with cancer, there is a lack of technical innovations specifically designed and developed for this field. One technique is three-dimensional (3D) visualization, which allows quick mapping of the findings in an examination. However, since tumour tissue may have similar density as the surrounding soft tissue, it can be difficult to visualize without using image segmentation. In this project, testing of the segmentation program SmartPaint was performed on neuroblastoma in pediatric imaging data. A pipeline was created, from image data input to a 3D visualization of the tumour in relation to its surroundings. The images used in this project were provided by the Department of Radiology at the Uppsala University Hospital and consisted of two anonymized T2-weighted MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) scans of a pediatric patient with abdominal neuroblastoma. To incorporate SmartPaint in the pipeline, further development was performed with the main modification being the addition of support for loading multiple two-dimensional (2D) DICOM images that together build a 3D volume. Visualizations were created in the software 3D Slicer, with the help of volume rendering, multiplanar reformation (MPR) and a segmentation module called TotalSegmentator. With this project, it has been shown how straightforward the process of acquiring a 3D visualization of a tumour can be. Feedback on SmartPaint was received from radiologists and implementing this feedback, as well as performing a more quantitative evaluation of the pipeline, remain to be completed in the future
Satellite-based modeling of wetland methane emissions on a global scale (SatWetCH4 1.0)
No full textWetlands are major contributors to global methane emissions. However, their budget and temporal variability remain subject to large uncertainties. This study develops the Satellite-based Wetland CH4 model (SatWetCH4), which simulates global wetland methane emissions at 0.25° x 0.25° and monthly temporal resolution, relying mainly on remote-sensing products. In particular, a new approach is derived to assess the substrate availability, based on Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data. The model is calibrated using eddy covariance flux data from 58 sites, allowing for independence from other estimates. At the site level, the model effectively reproduces the magnitude and seasonality of the fluxes in the boreal and temperate regions but shows limitations in capturing the seasonality of tropical sites. Despite its simplicity, the model provides global simulations over decades and produces consistent spatial patterns and seasonal variations comparable to more complex land surface models (LSMs). Such an independent data-driven approach based on remote-sensing products is intended to allow for future studies of intra-annual variations in wetland methane emissions. In addition, our study highlights uncertainties and issues in wetland extent datasets and the need for new seamless satellite-based wetland extent products. In the future, there is potential to integrate this one-step model into atmospheric inversion frameworks, thereby allowing for the optimization of the model parameters using atmospheric methane concentrations as constraints and hopefully better estimates of wetland emissions
Maturation of Human Intestinal Epithelial Cell Layers Fortifies the Apical Surface against Salmonella Attack
No full textPathogen invasion of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) is a key gut infection event. The dynamics of this process in intact epithelia and the factors governing IEC susceptibility remain underexplored. We present a resource for live-cell infection imaging in human enteroid-/colonoid-derived IEC layers across maturation states and in the presence or absence of soluble mucus production. Utilization of this resource shows how human IEC maturation fortifies the apical surface against invasion by Salmonella Typhimurium (S.Tm). Immature IEC layers appear permissive to S.Tm invasion, but maturation toward an enterocyte/colonocyte phenotype reduces the susceptibility by up to 10-fold. This shift couples to downregulated expression of actin regulatory proteins exploited by the pathogen, an increased dependence on the S.Tm effector SipA, and the build-up of the apical IEC glycocalyx linked to surface-attached mucins like MUC13 and nullifiable by StcE-enzyme treatment. This underscores how the maturation state of human IECs governs susceptibility to bacterial invasion
Rural Feet Voting of Leisure Explorers
No full textIn the COVID-19 period, spatial leisure behavior, often driven by the desire to escape urban life, reflected health and environmental concerns. This study examines how pandemic-induced spatial motives and changes impacted disparities in leisure mobility, specifically urban-to-rural tourism, in Sweden. Analyzing pre-pandemic, during pandemic, and post-pandemic periods, using anonymized mobile phone and socioeconomic data, the paper explores urban-rural leisure mobility variations. Despite a decline in professional geographical mobility, mainly of people in affluent urban areas, due to remote work, the spatial leisure activities remained rather stable? Our findings, based on a negative binomial regression analysis, reveal also exacerbated socioeconomic segregation in recreational trips. The disruption in mobility accessibility due to COVID-19 appears to amplify existing socioeconomic disparities, notably in urban-to-rural leisure travel. Our research sheds new light on the widening gap in geographical leisure activities, emphasizing the need for equitable access to nonurban destinations
Maintaining operability at a high personal cost : a mixed method study on maternal healthcare workers' experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic
No full textIntroduction: The COVID-19 pandemic forced leaders and employees in health care services to take difficult decisions to manage risks associated with employee health and the organizations' functioning. This study aims to identify the changes in employee working routines, job demands, and job resources within Swedish maternal healthcare during the COVID-19 pandemic, and how these changes affected workload and health. Methods: Data were derived from the longitudinal COPE Staff study involving midwives and physicians within maternal healthcare. Three focus group discussions with midwives and physicians (n = 13), and open-ended survey responses (n = 604) during the third wave of the pandemic (January to May 2021) were analyzed using deductive content analysis based on the Job Demands-Resources model. Quantitative measures of workload and burnout from three survey waves, both during the pandemic (January to May 2021 [n = 782] and January to March 2022 [n = 503]) and after the pandemic (February to March 2023 [n = 759]), were analyzed. Results: Multiple changes in working routines were implemented to adhere to national and local guidelines aiming to decrease the spread of Sars-CoV-2. As a result, midwives and physicians experienced increased job demands, including an increased workload and higher emotional and cognitive demands. To balance these demands, new working routines were introduced, and managers increased their efforts to communicate and support the employees. Collegial support also grew. When surveyed, however, most of the maternal healthcare workers said they experienced a high workload. It was found that between 3-7% likely experienced burn out, while another 10% were at risk of burnout during and after the pandemic. Conclusions: The pandemic had a large effect on maternal healthcare employees. Strategies and adaptations on an organizational, managerial, and individual level played an important role in modifying the impact on the organization's operations and employees