Publikationer från Uppsala Universitet
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Detection of canine distemper virus (CDV) neutralising antibodies in small ruminants during peste-des-petits-ruminants virus (PPRV) surveillance in Zambia
No full textCanine distemper virus (CDV) is endemic in Zambia, while peste-des-petits-ruminants virus (PPRV) has not been detected. This study screened 962 farmed goats and 237 small ruminants at informal markets for PPRV antibodies using c-ELISA. A subset (n = 29) was re-analysed with virus neutralisation assays (VNA) for antibodies to PPRV and CDV due to cross-reactivity concerns. c-ELISA indicated 6.44% PPRV seroprevalence on farms and 3.80% at markets. While VNA detected no PPRV antibodies, 45% (13/29) tested positive for CDV, possibly suggesting cross-reactivity. Given the study's limitations, further research is needed to determine whether PPRV is present in Zambia and assess potential cross-reactivity
Towards the development of water in oil in water (W/O/W) double emulsion for oral peptide delivery using microfluidics
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Above the trenches : Russian military lessons learned about drone warfare from Ukraine
No full textRussia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine since February 2022 represents not only the re-emergence of trench warfare but also that of aerial drone warfare on a scale previously not seen before. Preceding studies have examined the fallout of drone warfare in Ukraine and highlighted the ever-influential role drones have had in the war. Still, few have looked at it from a Russian perspective and what military lessons Russian military personnel and academics have learned from Russia’s battlefield experience in Ukraine since 2022 – a crucial aspect in understanding contemporary Russian warfare and military thinking. By utilizing thematic analysis and coding what authors in Russia’s two premiere military journals, Voyennaya mysl and Armeysky sbornik respectively, have written about aerial drone warfare in Ukraine, this thesis revealed that the Russian discussion centred around three main themes of assessments. These pertained to Russia’s drone warfare abilities and its current deficiencies, the instrumental role reconnaissance drones had in intelligence gathering and command, control and communications (C3), as well as the recently discovered lethality and cost-effectiveness of kamikaze drones. The findings support previous arguments about Russian warfare adaptability and further demonstrate the extent to which UAVs have been integrated with the Russian Armed Forces and what military and technological aspects of drone warfare and UAVs Russia have deemed important to its own military success. Studies about how Russia may plan to translate its military lessons in Ukraine into more comprehensive military reforms are called for.
Characterisation of cool stellar atmospheres for PLATO
No full textM dwarfs are the most abundant stars in our Galaxy, but they are not well studied. This is changing as observational capabilities improve and M dwarfs have become important targets in the search for exoplanets. These cool and small stars are therefore key targets in many current and upcoming missions. One such mission is the future ESA telescope PLATO, which aims to find exoplanets using light curves. Thousands of M dwarfs are part of the mission's sample, and all these stars need to be accurately characterised. Obtaining accurate atmospheric parameters for M dwarfs using spectroscopy is no easy task. This is because their spectrum is filled with molecular lines due to the low effective temperatures. It is especially challenging in the optical wavelength region, where molecular lines obscure the atomic lines. The situation improves in the near-infrared, which also allows for the benefit of receiving more light. In the last decade, many papers deriving M dwarf parameters have been published. These parameters mostly agree within uncertainties, but some discrepancies remain. The first paper presented in this thesis explores these differences while also investigating non-LTE effects in M dwarfs. It finds an insignificant effect for iron but a significant effect for potassium. To characterise the thousands of M dwarfs in the PLATO sample, new methods using machine learning have been developed. In the second paper of this thesis, we present a pipeline capable of analysing APOGEE spectra. The pipeline is a modification of an existing FGK version. We trained a new neural network, added a pseudo-continuum correction method, and implemented evolutionary models created for the PLATO mission to obtain the surface gravity. The modified pipeline was tested on a sample of M dwarfs with good results. In the final paper presented in this thesis, we provide abundances of Fe, Ti, and Ca for a small sample of well-known M dwarfs using differential abundance analysis. Our results mostly agree within uncertainties when compared to literature values. However, there are few studies to compare with, and there is generally a spread between the available studies
The Price of Restriction : A Quantitative Study Examining the Relationship Between Multilateral Arms Embargoes and Civilian Killings 1989-2022
No full textThis thesis investigates the relationship between multilateral arms embargoes and civilian killings, addressing a critical gap in the literature between the intersection of arms control and civilian victimization. Using a systematic quantitative approach, the study analyses UCDP-GED data spanning the time period 1989–2022 across 124 countries, employing a Generalized Linear Model (GLM) to assess the effects of embargoes on the proportion of civilian deaths in relation to overall death tolls. The findings reveal a complex and context-dependent relationship. While bivariate regressions suggest that arms embargoes reduce civilian harm, multivariate analyses controlling for other variables show a positive and statistically significant relationship between embargoes and civilian killings, especially in resource-dependent states. These results suggest that embargoes may inadvertently increase civilian harm through mechanisms such as desperation and technological substitution. The research also highlights the importance of contextual factors in shaping embargo outcomes specifically. By adding to a small body of growing evidence within the literature, this thesis contributes to our understanding of the unintended consequences of arms control measures and international interventions at large
Practical Approximate Quantifier Elimination for Non-linear Real Arithmetic
No full textQuantifier Elimination (QE) concerns finding a quantifier-free formula that is semantically equivalent to a quantified formula in a given logic. For the theory of non-linear arithmetic over reals (NRA), QE is known to be computationally challenging. In this paper, we show how QE over NRA can be solved approximately and efficiently in practice using a Boolean combination of constraints in the linear arithmetic over reals (LRA). Our approach works by approximating the solution space of a set of NRA constraints when all real variables are bounded. It combines adaptive dynamic gridding with application of Handelman's Theorem to obtain the approximation efficiently via a sequence of linear programs (LP). We provide rigorous approximation guarantees, and also proofs of soundness and completeness (under mild assumptions) of our algorithm. Interestingly, our work allows us to bootstrap on earlier work (viz. [38]) and solve quantified SMT problems over a combination of NRA and other theories, that are beyond the reach of state-of-the-art solvers. We have implemented our approach in a preprocessor for Z3 called POQER. Our experiments show that POQER+Z3EG outperforms state-of-the-art SMT solvers on non-trivial problems, adapted from a suite of benchmarks
Densification through Infill Development in Contemporary Urban Planning : An Autoethnographic Case Study
No full textDensification through infill development has been a prominent strategy utilized by urban planners for decades. Combating the challenges facing cities today, such as car dependency, ineffective land use, and urban sprawl, and addressing sustainability issues has become increasingly crucial for local authorities. Thus, the aim of this paper is to study the process of densification through infill development in the research field of urban planning. Furthermore, to create a case-based understanding of the subject, a case study combined with a document analysis and interviews attempt to provide insight into an ongoing densification project, called Södra Häggvik, in Sollentuna Municipality, Sweden. The findings indicate that densification through infill development is, for many reasons, becoming an increasingly widespread strategy within urban planning, not only in Sweden, but also in Europe and beyond. Therefore, it should be a subject of interest for most in the general public as large-scale uban transformations help shape the future of humanity
Justice in the Headlines: A Qualitative Analysis of Climate Justice Framing in News Articles
No full textSkandal, skuld och strategi : En kvalitativ undersökning av kriskommunikativa ursäktsstrategier i ursäktsvideoklipp på Youtube
No full textCrisis communication has become a relevant and increasingly common subject in today's society, especially in relation to influencers and social media. Cancel culture, a fairly new term that has become extremely popular, is a constant part of most people's everyday life. There is always a new canceled influencer or celebrity to be detected. The goal with this essay is to study how these celebrities use crisis communication to apologize after accusations that could lead to cancelation. To examine this, three research questions have been formulated: How are the four canceled influencers portrayed in the apology videos? Which recurring characteristics in the four influencers apology videos can be connected to crisis communication-related apology strategies? What kind of response does the four apology videos receive in the form of comments on the Youtube channels? To answer these questions a multimodal critical discourse analysis has been used to collect and analyse data from four different apology videos along with the comments on each video. The collected material was then analyzed with a multimodal critical discourse analysis. To help guide and understand the material the two theories IRT and SCCT were used. The results of the study showed that even though a majority of the influencers published a well working apology according to the theoretical strategies the response in the comments were very harsh. Cancel culture is a growing part of our society and with this study the aim is to explore the area and therefore expand the knowledge about it