Publikationer från Uppsala Universitet
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First-line treatment for osteoarthritis – digital or face-to-face? : A registry-based study comparing the effect on knee osteoarthritis patients' pain assessment at the 12-month follow-up.
No full textBakgrund: Träning och patientutbildning är den rekommenderade grundbehandlingen för att lindra symtom som smärta vid knäartros. Artrosskolan är ett sätt för patienter att få grundbehandlingen och finns i både fysiskt och digitalt format, men det är oklart om det finns skillnader i behandlingseffekt mellan formaten och om patientens ålder kan påverka. Syfte: Att jämföra förändring i smärtskattning hos knäartrospatienter före respektive 12 månader efter genomgången fysisk eller digital artrosskola för att utreda eventuella skillnadermellan behandlingsformat, och mellan en yngre och äldre åldersgrupp inom båda formaten. Metod: Retrospektiv registerbaserad observationsstudie som inkluderar alla knäartrospatienter som ingick i det Svenska Artrosregistret mellan år 2022–2024 och som genomgått digital eller fysisk artrosskola men inte genomgått knäartroplastik. För mellangruppsjämförelser användes Mann-Whitney U-test och en responderanalys gjordes för att studera hur stor andel deltagare som uppnådde en klinisk relevant förändring. Resultat: 2010 deltagare inkluderades i studien (antal digital artrosskola: n=1550, fysisk artrosskola: n=460, medianålder = 67 år). En signifikant skillnad i smärtskattning observerades där den digitala artrosskolan hade en större andel deltagare som uppnådde en klinisk relevant smärtminskning jämfört med den fysiska (p <0,001). Mellan åldersgrupperna fanns en signifikant skillnad inom den digitala artrosskolan där en större andel av den yngre gruppen uppnådde en klinisk relevant smärtminskning (p <0,001). Ingen åldersgruppskillnad observerades inom den fysiska artrosskolan (p = 0,982). Slutsats: Signifikanta skillnader fanns mellan behandlingsformaten där digital artrosskola kan vara mer fördelaktig med avseende på effekt på smärtlindring, och i synnerhet för en yngre patientgrupp. Dock behövs ytterligare studier för att utreda faktorer som kan ha påverkat resultatet.Background: The recommended first-line treatment for knee osteoarthritis is exercise and patient education to reduce pain. It can be delivered face-to-face or digitally, but it is unclear whether treatment format or patient age could affect the treatment outcome. Purpose: To compare the pain assessment of knee osteoarthritis patients before digital or face-to-face treatment and at the 12-month follow-up to investigate potential differences between the intervention formats, and a younger and older age group within the formats. Method: Retrospective registry-based observational study that included all knee osteoarthritis patients in The Swedish Osteoarthritis Registry between year 2022–2024 that had completed digital or face-to-face treatment but had not undergone knee arthroplasty. Mann-Whitney U was used for between-group comparisons and a responder analysis was done to study the proportion of subjects that achieved a clinically relevant change in pain. Results: 2010 participants were included (digital treatment: n=1550, face-to-face treatment: n=460, median age = 67 years). There was a significant difference in pain assessment where a greater proportion of the digital group achieved a clinically relevant pain reduction compared to the face-to-face group (p <0,001). There was a significant difference within the digital group where a greater proportion of the younger group achieved a clinically relevant pain reduction (p <0,001). There was no difference within the face-to-face group (p = 0,982). Conclusion: Significant differences between treatment formats were found where digital treatment could be more beneficial regarding pain reduction, and for younger patients in particular. Further studies are needed to investigate factors that could have affected the results
Advancing Social Justice in Code Club Education : Exploring Participation, Pedagogy, and Computer Science Capital
No full textParticipation in code club education remains unequal across lines of gender, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status, with underrepresented groups often facing barriers to engagement. This thesis investigates these disparities through a sociological and equity-focused lens by examining children’s access to code clubs and how these clubs are organized to foster social justice. It introduces and applies the Computer Science Capital (CSC) framework, which draws on Bourdieu’s theory of capital and the science capital framework, to explore how access to computing-related social and cultural resources and behavioral patterns influences children’s engagement in computing. Using a mixed-methods research design, the study is structured across four phases involving theory development, a survey, and interviews with code club participants and practitioners. The first and second phases map out the CSC framework, as well as the distribution of CSC among children in code clubs, identifying significant gender differences in computing aspirations and perceptions. Subsequent phases use qualitative methods to deepen the understanding of how children access code club opportunities and how practitioners promote access, equity, and inclusion (AEI) within these learning environments. A survey of 154 code club participants investigated how CSC manifests in practice. The findings show that girls reported lower levels of aspiration and engagement in computing. To further explore the factors influencing participation, interviews were conducted with 17 children. Findings reveal that children’s involvement is shaped not only by their individual interests but by broader social structures, such as family and peer support, and interests in computer games. Therefore, practitioners are encouraged to reflect on how their recruitment and pedagogical practices might unintentionally exclude certain groups of children. The final part of the thesis examined how 17 code club practitioners across eight European countries implement strategies to promote social justice. Effective practices include building partnerships, practicing cultural humility, fostering a fun and supportive learning environment, engaging families, and sharing power with learners. In summary, this thesis contributes to computing education research by developing the CSC framework and demonstrating its practical relevance for recruitment, curriculum design, and pedagogy. It calls for a shift from deficit participation models toward a more intentional and critical educational approaches that acknowledge the uneven distribution of opportunity and seek to strengthen learners’ CS-related capitals. The implications of the findings extend beyond code clubs, offering insights for formal education, policy development, and broader discussions on equity in computing education
Wide-Bandgap Cu(In, Ga)S2 Solar Cell : Mitigation of Composition Segregation in High Ga Films for Better Efficiency
No full textCu(In, Ga)S2 demonstrates potential as a top cell material for tandem solar cells. However, achieving high efficiencies has been impeded by open-circuit voltage (VOC) deficits arising from In-rich and Ga-rich composition segregation in the absorber layer. This study presents a significant improvement in the optoelectronic quality of Cu(In, Ga)S2 films through the mitigation of composition segregation in three-stage co-evaporated films. By elevating the substrate temperature during the first stage, the intermixing of In and Ga is promoted, leading to reduced Cu(In, Ga)S2 composition segregation. Furthermore, the optimization of Cu-excess during the second stage minimizes non-radiative voltage loss. These combined strategies yield quasi-Fermi level splitting exceeding 1 eV and a record VOC of 981 mV in Cu(In, Ga)S2 devices. Consequently, a champion device achieves an in-house power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 16.1% (active area) and a certified PCE of 14.8%, highlighting the potential of Cu(In, Ga)S2 as a stable and efficient top-cell device for tandem photovoltaics
When EU goes local : An analysis of the alignment between EU and national energy policies and the needs of local energy initiatives
No full textDespite the EU's promotion of citizen ownership of the energy transition, the impact of such policies on locally initiated energy projects remains mixed. In the study, we explore how EU and Member State energy policies both hinder and enable development of locally based energy projects. Specifically, we study how policies with different underlying rationales (conceptualized as spatially-blind and place-based policies) relate to the needs and challenges faced by people engaged in local energy initiative. The study employs a case study research design, examining four local energy initiatives in Sweden and Denmark, with a focus on diverse ownership models and energy technologies, including solar parks, biogas production, offshore wind power, and hydropower activities. Similarly, the investigation featured three workshop sessions with people involved in local energy policy. The results suggest that EU and state-level energy-related policies (e.g. tax laws, environmental permit regulations, or national infrastructure prioritizations) present significant obstacles for community energy initiatives, affecting their establishment, and potential for growth. Although these policies are essential for integrating long-term environmental considerations and human rights into the decision-making process, they can actually deter local energy projects that contribute positively to the community. Thus, the findings contribute to the development of more coherent policies
Outcomes with intensive treatment for acute myeloid leukemia : an analysis of two decades of data from the HARMONY Alliance
No full textSince 2017, targeted therapies combined with conventional intensive chemotherapy have started to improve outcomes of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, even before these innovations, outcomes with intensive chemotherapy had improved, which has not yet been extensively studied. Thus, we used a large pan-European multicenter dataset of the HARMONY Alliance to evaluate treatment-time dependent outcomes over two decades. In 5,359 AML patients, we compared the impact of intensive induction therapy on outcome over four consecutive 5-year calendar periods from 1997 to 2016. During that time, the 5-year survival of AML patients improved significantly, also across different genetic risk groups. In particular, the 60-day mortality rate dropped from 13.0% to 4.7% over time. The independent effect of calendar periods on outcome was confirmed in multivariate models. Improvements were documented both for patients <60 and >= 60 years old, and in those treated with and without consolidating allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloHCT). While survival of AML elderly patients remains poor, patients >= 60 years old overall have a 20% survival benefit at 5 years if they receive an alloHCT. While further outcome improvement in intensively treated AML patients will likely be driven by targeted treatment approaches, this pan-European HARMONY dataset can serve as a multicenter comparator for future studies
Lifetime Fitness Variation Across the Geographical Range in a Colour Polymorphic Species
No full textThe maintenance of variation (i.e., different phenotypes) for heritable traits that are under selection, despite expectations of selection eroding variation and favouring only the fittest phenotype, represents an evolutionary paradox. Here, we studied variation in life-history traits in five populations of colour polymorphic tawny owls (Strix aluco) across Europe that have been individually studied for 13 years. Tawny owls show heritable plumage colour variation ranging from less pigmented (grey) to more heavily pigmented (brown-red). The breeding life span (BLS), lifetime egg production (LEP), lifetime reproductive success (LRS) and the number of years skipped between breeding attempts (NYS) varied between the study populations, with LEP and LRS varying across colour morphs in a population-specific fashion. Thus, grey tawny owl females have higher lifetime fledgling and egg production than brown-red females in some populations, but vice versa in others. Hence, our findings demonstrate disruptive selection of tawny owl plumage colourations across their European range, which may be one factor maintaining variation in heritable tawny owl colourations
Tensions in Digital Transformation : How Prototype Work Links the Temporary and the Permanent
No full textDigital transformation projects often fail due to tensions that emerge between temporary project teams set to design digital transformation and the permanent organization where digital transformation is to be executed. As a potential organizational response to such tensions, we introduce the notion of prototype work; in other words, the actions and interactions facilitated by making prototypes. Through a real-time longitudinal study of a digital transformation project in a Swedish manufacturing firm we specify prototype work, addressing strategic tensions, temporal tensions, and cross-functional tensions at different loci of temporary–permanent interfaces and, in turn, how both temporary and permanent organizations are transitioned
Varieties of central banking : the Nordic Model beyond a fiscal-centric approach
No full textSince policymakers and scholars coined the term in the 1930s, the Nordic Model has often been considered to denote a homogeneous political entity in which the constituent countries are ostensibly interchangeable. As a result, seldom attention has been afforded to what fundamentally differentiates Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden. By going beyond traditional ‘fiscal-centric’ accounts of the Nordic model, and instead focusing on the role of central banks and monetary policy, we show that each country bares far less similarities than has often been assumed in the literature. We trace this heterogeneity back to variegated responses to the 1970s crises of Fordist capitalism and draw on growth model theory to explain this divergent trajectory. We show how these differences shaped how each country responded to the Global Financial Crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic, where a variegated array of monetary measures was employed to uphold their own distinct growth model. By accounting for the role of central banks within the Nordic Model, we propose that it is better understood as a series of models, drawing attention to the function of monetary policy within the growth models perspective in the political economy literature
Facile one-step fabrication of Li4Ti5O12 coatings by suspension plasma spraying
No full textSpinel Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) is a promising anode material for solid state thin film batteries (SSTB) due to its almost-zero volume change and promising Li-ion mobility. However, preparing LTO anodes for SSTB demands tedious vacuum-based processing steps that are not cost effective. In this context, the present study embarks on evaluating the versatile suspension plasma spraying (SPS) approach to fabricate LTO coatings without using any binder. The microstructure and stoichiometry of the fabricated LTO coatings developed through the SPS route reveals retention of ∼76 wt.% of the spinel LTO from the starting feedstock, with minor amounts of rutile and anatase TiO2. The SPS experiments yielded varying thickness build up rates of the LTO coatings depending on the processing parameters adopted. The electrochemical data of the produced LTO based electrode tested in a half-cell through galvanostatic cycling show reversible lithiation and delithiation at expected potential, thereby validating the promise of the SPS technique for potential fabrication of SSTB components once fully optimized
A self-consistent void-based rationale for hydrogen embrittlement
No full textSolely based on the failure process of metallic materials containing voids, we propose a straightforward rationale for a self-consistent void-based hydrogen embrittlement (CVHE) predictive framework that effectively captures ductile failure, hydrogen-induced loss of ductility, and most importantly, the ductile-to-brittle transition. While the coupling effect of homogenously distributed secondary voids is well-documented, the rigor of our approach lies in the precise definition of an array of equally sized and spaced secondary voids nucleated aligning with the hydrogen embrittlement mechanisms HEDE, HELP and HESIV, in the ligament between primary voids. The CVHE model can quantitatively predict the full range of embrittlement; it naturally reveals the brittle inter-ligament decohesion associated with an intrinsic lower bound of ductility, when the secondary voids are sufficiently small. Counterintuitively, our results show that ductility reduction accelerates with a decrease in the secondary void volume fraction, and that smaller voids lead to greater embrittlement