Publikationer från Uppsala Universitet
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Happiness shared is happiness doubled
No full textThis master’s thesis analyses the potential of establishing an energy community at Gränby sports field in Uppsala, Sweden. The aim is to have the sports facilities located in Gränby sports field to share their electricity production and consumption. To evaluate whether this is feasible, the electric costs for each participant is evaluated over both a long term and short-term timeframe. This was done by using Excel based modelling over various scenarios. The results concluded that the participants would have lower electrical costs if they engaged in an energy community. Most of the savings came from reduced electricity grid subscription fees due to lower peak loads and increased self-consumption of PV electricity. However, the results also showed that further investments in green technology would not be economically viable due to high investment costs. Further it was discovered that there generally is a lack of clear regulations and financial incentives in Sweden for energy communities. This may limit the potential for energy communities, especially if the energy community will consist of, or include companies as participants. Despite these challenges, the findings indicate that energy communities could contribute to more flexible, sustainable, and cost-efficient energy use, especially if policy support and regulatory frameworks improve.
There was no call for immediate implementation of "Tetris" in clinical practice : Response to the commentary by Halvorsen et al. (2024)
No full textNavigating Strategic Management : The Role of the Balanced Scorecard in Strategy Implementation
No full textIn a dynamic and fast-paced energy sector, organizations face increasing challenges in effectively implementing strategic initiatives. This study therefore investigates how the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) influences strategy implementation (SI) within Vattenfall AB, focusing on three dimensions: the design principles of the BSC, the balance between top-down and bottom-up in BSC development and the target-setting process. Using a qualitative case study approach, through interviews with actors in the organization and a document analysis, the research finds that the BSC fosters alignment by translating strategic directives into operational objectives. However, the study also shows that the design principles of the BSC could lead to a fragmented reality where the lack of standardized structures, cause-and-effect relationships, inconsistent KPI definitions and a misuse of visual cues all contribute to the effectiveness of the BSC. Moreover, the study illustrates that excessive bottom-up autonomy in the BSC development leads to siloed KPIs and limited horizontal cooperation, weakening its organizational integration. Finally, inconsistent target setting practices, characterized by symbolic targets and stagnant objectives, contribute to a persistent strategy-to-performance gap which undermines organizational commitment and learning. The findings highlight the critical importance of maintaining internal coherence and balancing local flexibility with centralized strategic control. From a practical standpoint, the study emphasizes that successful BSC implementation requires continuous adaptation, careful design, and organizational learning. Theoretically, it contributes to the field by illustrating how traditional BSC frameworks interact with contemporary challenges in large, technology-intensive organizations
First Determination of the Spin-Parity of Ξ(3055)+,0 Baryons
No full textThe Ξ0(−) → Ξ(3055)+(0)(→+(0)Λ)− decay chains are observed, and the spin-parity of Ξ(3055)+(0) baryons is determined for the first time. The measurement is performed using proton-proton collision data at a center-of-mass energy of √ =13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5.4 fb−1, recorded by the LHCb experiment between 2016 and 2018. The spin-parity of the Ξ(3055)+(0) baryons is determined to be 3/2+ with a significance of more than 6.5 (3.5) compared to all other tested hypotheses. The up-down asymmetries of the Ξ0(−) → Ξ(3055)+(0)− transitions are measured to be −0.92±0.10±0.05 (−0.92±0.16±0.22), consistent with maximal parity violation, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic. These results support the hypothesis that the Ξ(3055)+(0) baryons correspond to the first -wave -mode excitation of the Ξ flavor triplet.For complete list of authors see http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.134.081901</p
Post-OCR Correction of Historical German Periodicals using LLMs
No full textOptical Character Recognition (OCR) is critical for accurate access to historical corpora, providing a foundation for processing pipelines and the reliable interpretation of historical texts. Despite advances, the quality of OCR in historical documents remains limited, often requiring post-OCR correction to address residual errors. Building on recent progress with instruction-tuned Llama 2 models applied to English historical newspapers, we examine the potential of German Llama 2 and Mistral models for post-OCR correction of German medical historical periodicals. We perform instruction tuning using two configurations of training data, augmenting our small annotated dataset with two German datasets from the same time period. The results demonstrate that German Mistral enhances the raw OCR output, achieving a lower average word error rate (WER). However, the average character error rate (CER) either decreases or remains unchanged across all models considered. We perform an analysis of performance within the error groups and provide an interpretation of the results
The Diffusion Interaction Region of Dayside Magnetic Reconnection
No full textMagnetic reconnection is a universal process that allows for the transfer and release of energy previously stored in a magnetic field configuration. At Earth, this process can occur in the boundary layer between Earth's magnetic field and the solar wind, called the magnetopause. This allows the magnetopause to act as the primary "entry gate" for the solar wind's energy into the Earth's magnetosphere and upper atmosphere. Along the magnetopause, magnetic reconnection is triggered inside diffusion regions: an electron diffusion region (EDR) embedded inside a larger ion diffusion region (IDR). Inside these diffusion regions, plasma decouples from the magnetic field, allowing the release of magnetic energy into the plasma. We identify a hitherto undefined region in the diffusion regions, which results from the interaction of demagnetized electrons in the EDR's reconnection current sheet and remagnetizing electrons in the IDR. We call this region the Diffusion Interaction Region. Using in situ Magnetospheric Multiscale plasma data and 2.5D particle-in-cell simulations, we isolate its defining features, which includes a significant parallel current structure and regions of parallel energy conversion. Defining this important and underexplored region of magnetic reconnection helps us determine how the local diffusion regions may couple with the large-scale current structures within which they are embedded
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No full textMoral Decision-Making in the Programming of Self-Driving Cars : A Kantian Approach with Cross-Cultural Perspectives
No full textAs autonomous vehicles become increasingly integrated into society, they must manage complex moral decisions once reserved for human drivers. This thesis explores how cultural moral frameworks can inform the ethical programming of self-driving cars, focusing on a comparative analysis between Kantian and Confucian ethics. Kantian ethics emphasizes universal moral laws and duty, while Confucian ethics centers on virtue, relational obligations, and contextual appropriateness. Through analysis of case studies based on the trolley problem, this paper evaluates how each framework approaches ethical dilemmas faced by autonomous vehicles. Kantianism offers clarity and consistency but lacks flexibility in complex, context-sensitive scenarios. Confucian ethics provides nuanced, adaptable responses aligned with social roles and harmony but raises challenges in predictability. The thesis also addresses the emerging responsibility gap in autonomous decision-making and argues for a hybrid ethical model that incorporates both universal principles and cultural sensitivity. This approach balances moral consistency with adaptability and highlights the need for culturally informed, philosophically grounded frameworks in the global deployment of self-driving cars
Maximum lifespan and brain size in mammals are associated with gene family size expansion related to immune system functions
No full textMammals exhibit an unusual variation in their maximum lifespan potential, measured as the longest recorded longevity of any individual in a species. Evidence suggests that lifespan increases follow expansion in brain size relative to body mass. Here, we found significant gene family size expansions associated with maximum lifespan potential and relative brain size but not in gestation time, age of sexual maturity, and body mass in 46 mammalian species. Extended lifespan is associated with expanding gene families enriched in immune system functions. Our results suggest an association between gene duplication in immune-related gene families and the evolution of longer lifespans in mammals. These findings explore the genomic features linked with the evolution of lifespan in mammals and its association with life story and morphological traits
Patterns of Preoperative Tumor Markers Can Predict Resectability and Prognosis of Peritoneal Metastases : A Clustering Analysis
No full textBackground Prediction of open–close and long-term outcome is challenging in patients undergoing cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC). Prognostic scores often include factors not known at baseline. Therefore, we aimed to analyze whether patterns of preoperative tumor markers could aid in prediction of open–close surgery and outcome in patients with pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) or colorectal peritoneal metastases (PM). Patients and Methods All patients accepted for CRS and HIPEC for PMP or colorectal PM at Uppsala University Hospital in 2013–2021 were included. The tumor markers CEA, CA19-9, CA125, CA72-4, and CA15-3 were clustered using the k-means algorithm; the average silhouette width determined the optimal numbers of clusters. Results Clustering of patients with PMP (n = 138) and colorectal PM (n = 213) resulted in two clusters each. PMPCluster-1 (n = 124) had a 5-year overall survival (OS) of 77% (95% CI 69−85%), 11 (9%) open–close surgeries, and a median peritoneal cancer index (PCI) of 17. PMPCluster-2 (n = 14) patients had poorer prognosis (36%, 95% CI 15–85%, p = 0.003), more often open–close (n = 6, 43%, p = 0.002), and higher PCI (median 36, p < 0.001). ColorectalCluster-1 (n = 191) had a 5-year OS of 28% (95% CI 21–37%), median PCI of 11, and 38 (20%) open–close surgeries. ColorectalCluster-2 (n = 22) had poorer prognosis (10%, 95% CI 3–36%, p = 0.02), higher PCI (median 26, p < 0.001), higher completeness of cytoreduction score (p = 0.005), but no difference in open–close surgery (n = 6, 27%, p = 0.411). PMPCluster-2 and ColorectalCluster-2 were characterized by markedly elevated tumor markers. Open–close surgery was unusual in cases of normal CA72-4. Conclusions Elevation of several preoperative tumor markers is associated with poor prognosis and increased risk of open–close. CA72-4 deserves increased attention