Publikationer från Uppsala Universitet
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Sylvia Stave - på rätt plats i rätt tid. : Formgivaren och hennes produktionsfält.
No full textDuring ten years, from 1930 to 1940, Sylvia Stave was a celebrated modernist designer of tin and silver. An autodidact hailing from a small country town she moved to Stockholm, the capital of Sweden, for an apprenticeship as a drawer/illustrator (ritare) at the goldsmith corporation; C.G. Hallbergs guldsmedsaktiebolag. Within a few months of her arrival her work was exhibited at the 1930 Stockholm Exhibition. She quickly rose to stardom as an avantgarde designer, she was one of very few women designers to be included in the collection of current design of Nationalmuseum during the 1930’s Sylvia Stave´s employer Hallbergs guldsmedsaktiebolag were a “supporting member” (stödjande medlem) of the Swedish Society of Arts and Crafts (in Swedish Svenska Slöjdföreningen, or SSF). When looking at the career of Sylvia Stave it quickly becomes obvious of how dependent she was of the SSF. The aim of this study is to try and understand in what way the SSF could become so influential in the arts and crafts industry as a whole and also for the individual designer. Pierre Bourdieu’s theory about the field of cultural production is used to understand the rise and later on disappearance of Sylvi Stave. The conclusion is that the talent and hard work of Sylvia Stave would not have been sufficient in itself to make her successful. From the very beginning of her career, she was supported by the Swedish Society of Arts and Crafts. As the interests of SSF and Sylvia Stave aligned in modernist design. The other reason was the way in which the Swedish Society of Arts and Crafts were organising themselves, by managing to cover an almost complete field of cultural production. These observations facilitate the understanding of how in 1930, a young woman, an autodidact could so quickly reach the stars and ten years later become almost completely forgotten. As it was her employers membership to the SSF that enabled her quick rise coupled with her modernist design, that for a period aligned with the will and influence the SSF had on the scene.
Association of height, BMI, and smoking status with prostate cancer risk before and after the introduction of PSA testing in Sweden
No full textProstate cancer (PCa) incidence has steadily increased in Sweden, more steeply in the mid-1990s caused by increased opportunistic prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing. Tallness, normal weight, and non-smoking are associated with more PSA testing, which increases detection of low-risk and localised PCa. We investigated time trends of height, body mass index (BMI), and smoking with PCa risk in 171,889 men in Sweden aged 50-64 years at baseline, who were linked to nationwide cancer registers during follow-up. Cox regression determined the association of these factors assessed before 1980, 1980-1994, and 1995-2004 with PCa risk. During 15 follow-up years, 8,049 men were diagnosed with PCa. The association of height with PCa was weakly positive across all calendar periods. For obesity (BMI >= 30 kg/m2) vs. normal weight (BMI 18.5-24.9 kg/m2) and current vs. never smoking, the associations changed from null before 1980 (HR 1.03, 95% CI 0.86-1.23, and 1.11, 95% CI 0.97-1.27) to negative in 1995-2004 (HR 0.83, 95% CI 0.74-0.93, and 0.86, 95% CI 0.79-0.93; pinteraction between periods = 0.05 and 0.001). In men with clinical characteristics available, height was positively associated with both aggressive and non-aggressive PCa whilst obesity and smoking showed negative associations only with non-aggressive PCa. These findings likely reflect differences in PSA testing by BMI and smoking habits and contribute important knowledge for etiological studies of PCa
Kommunikation av Lärarexcellens
No full textPedagogiska meriteringsmodeller finns vid cirka hälften av Sveriges lärosäten, men hur synliggörs pedagogisk meritering enligt dessa modeller? I en jämförande fallstudie med marknadsföringsinriktning har vi fokuserat på hur pedagogiska meriter synliggörs på webbplatserna för Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet, Umeå universitet och Uppsala universitet. Syftet med projektet var att jämföra synliggörandet av pedagogisk meritering från ett lärar- och universitetsperspektiv. Resultaten visar att det är lätt att hitta vem som utnämnts till excellent eller meriterad lärare, men att informationen om pedagogisk meritering ofta inte är samstämmig med vad som presenteras på lärarens personliga webbsida på lärosätets webbplats. Vid Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet och Uppsala universitet saknades informationen på nära hälften av de personliga webbsidorna. Den information som lärosätena kommunicerar externt på webbplatser om excellent lärare handlar om att de har en meriteringsmodell som leder till meriterad eller excellent lärare, hur man söker utnämning och vilka som utnämnts. Vår studie visar på att det finns stor potential att lyfta fram lärarexcellens både på individ- och på lärosätesnivå. Kommunikation om lärarexcellens borde vara en självklar unique selling point för lärosätena
Motorn till hållbarhet? : En analys av svenska hotells drivkrafter bakom hållbarhetsarbeten
No full textStudien belyser att B2B-kundernas ökade krav på mätbarhet och transparens är det starkaste incitamentet för hotellen att utveckla sitt hållbarhetsarbete bortom lagkrav. Studiens slutsats är att B2B-kunder gemensamt driver hållbarhetsarbetet i en högre grad än regulatoriska krav, vilket leder till mer omfattande och mätbara hållbarhetsinsatser. Denna kandidatuppsats undersöker vilka drivkrafter som påverkar hållbarhetsarbetet inom den svenska hotellbranschen. Studien bygger på en kvalitativ flerfallsstudie med semistrukturerade intervjuer och kompletterande sekundärdata och analyseras genom legitimitetsteori, intressentteori och signalteori. Resultaten visar att även om regulatoriska krav, såsom CSRD, fungerar som viktiga katalysatorer, är det den ökade pressen från intressenter, särskilt B2B-kunder, som i praktiken driver hotellen att arbeta aktivt med hållbarhet. Dessa kunder ställer krav på certifieringar och mätbar hållbarhetsdata, vilket gör att hotellen utvecklar mer omfattande och systematiska processer för att möta förväntningarna. Hållbarhetsarbete blir därmed en strategisk investering snarare än enbart ett värderingsdrivet initiativ
Violence and Corruption : An examination of the global effect within a causal framework
No full textCorruption, a global problem with extensive impacts on societies and democracies,persists as a popular topic for researchers within political science, economics and statis-tics. Nevertheless, much uncertainty exists about the causal relationship between violenceand corruption. Violence is often overlooked as a primary factor to corruption, especiallyin global contexts. This paper aims to broaden awareness on the topic by investigatingif causal inference can determine global causal relationship between rising violence andincreased corruption in the subsequent year. The methodological approach taken in thispaper is causal inference through the Rubin’s causal model. Using cross sectional data from 133 countries, and adjusting for covariates of economicand political factors, propensity score nearest neighbour matching is performed. While thematching procedure achieves good covariate balance the estimation is sensitive to hiddenbias and is not found to be significant. Therefore the analysis cannot determine a significantcausal effect of the treatment on the treated. These results could originate from omittedconfounding variables, or a need for a more complex model to capture the causality ofinterest
Quantum simulation of minimal Kitaev chains
No full textThis master thesis presents a computational framework to simulate the time evolution of the minimal Kitaev chain. A minimal Kitaev chain is a system of spinless fermions with two-sites and p-wave superconductivity that hosts self-conjugate quasiparticles known as poor man's Majorana modes, like regular Majorana zero modes but without topological protection. The minimal Kitaev chains have properties akin to their regular counterparts, such as being useful for non-local information encoding and indicating an emerging state of matter. Despite recent experimental efforts, its realization remains challenging. This master thesis aims to provide an alternative approach to realizing minimal Kitaev chains using existing noisy quantum processors. These systems are challenging to implement experimentally, making quantum simulation a compelling and practical alternative to study them. The focus is on simulating various configurations of minimal Kitaev chains, demonstrating how their behavior can be explored through quantum computation when direct physical realization is not feasible. The framework integrates theoretical modeling of the Kitaev chain's Hamiltonian with quantum computing techniques; the core of this work involves translating the system's Hamiltonian and its time-evolution into the language of quantum computers. The study is structured as follows: Chapter 1 introduces the work, while Chapter 2 lays down the basic concepts from condensed matter and quantum physics. Chapter 3 goes through the required quantum computing theory. Subsequently, Chapter 4 presents the methodology for quantum simulation used in this work. Building upon these principles, Chapter 5 investigates the specifics of two- and three-site Kitaev chains. The work then finishes with Chapter 6 by analyzing a Josephson junction comprised oftwo coupled minimal Kitaev chains, where phase-dependent energy spectra and zero-energy modes are studied. The results demonstrate that minimal Kitaev chains can be effectively simulated, and physically relevant quantities can be extracted through measurements of targeted observables. The findings of this work show that, by operating within specific parameter regimes, circuit depth can be minimized, thereby reducing the risk of decoherence. Challenges in quantum simulation, such as Trotterization errors and circuit complexity are examined, as these are important to address to for enable simulation on noisy quantum processors. Overall, this research offers a feasible strategy for studying poor man's Majorana modes on currently available quantum processor
Statistical Error Bounds in the Deep Ritz Method for the p- Laplacian
No full textThis thesis investigates the statistical error of the Deep Ritz Method (DRM) when applied to the p-Laplace partial differential equation (PDE), a nonlinear generalization of the classical Laplace equation. The DRM, a variational approach to solving PDEs leveraging deep neural networks, has shown promise in solving high dimensional and nonlinear PDEs, yet its theoretical error characteristics remain insufficiently understood. We focus on the statistical error introduced by the empirical approximation of the energy functional used during training. In this work, we derive a theoretical upper bound on this for the case p ≥ 2, quantifying its dependence on sample size, network capacity, and the properties of the underlying PDE. This analysis provides insight into the reliability and convergence behavior of deep learning-based variational solvers in nonlinear PDE settings
Comparative Analysis of Random Graph Models for Power-Law Networks
No full textThis thesis presents a comparative study of three classical random graph models, Erdős-Rényi (ER), Barabási-Albert (BA), and the copying model, to evaluate their capacity to generate power-law degree distributions commonly observed in real-world networks. We begin with an overview of the power law and scale-free networks, followed by analytical derivations that examine the generative mechanisms, structural properties, and theoretical degree distributions of each model. We then simulate these models and analyze their respective strengths and limitations in capturing the power-law characteristics of complex networks
A periodic solution to the three-body problem
No full textThis thesis covers a proof of the existence of the figure-8 solution to the three-body problem. Some properties of the solution include the fact that it is planar, periodic, and has the shape of the number 8. The thesis includes the physical laws used in the problem and their mathematical interpretation. It also introduces shape space, proving the existence of the solution in shape space, and then reconstructing the proof in the regular plane
Can one hear the area of a drum?
No full textThis thesis focuses on proving Weyl’s law for arbitrary, two-dimensional domains. The title is inspired by the expression popularized by Mark Kac in his article ”Can one hear the shape of a drum?” The considered domains are characterized such that they resemble the physical structure of membranes with clamped endpoints, where the boundary can attain any shape as long as it is smooth. By considering the wave equation for the perpendicular displacements of any point of a domain, it is derived that the constituted homogeneous Dirichlet eigenvalue problem yields a spectra of eigenvalues that is correlated to the domain’s vibrational frequencies. Consequently, some of the classical results of the Laplacian and the related eigenfunctions and eigenvalues are highlighted and then utilized in the context of variational calculus to find upper and lower bounds to spectra of different shapes. The homogeneous Dirichlet and Neumann eigenvalue problems are also solved for some particular shapes known to have explicit solutions. These results are then used to approximate arbitrary domains and to lastly prove Weyl’s law, which describes an asymptotic relationship between the spectra and the area of a domain. While the result can be extended to other dimensions, this thesis only answers the question in the affirmative for the two-dimensional case