Publikationer från Uppsala Universitet
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Navigating Pressures : Recruitment and Equality in Sweden's Institutional Landscape
No full textRecruitment is a crucial gatekeeping mechanism within society, as it determines access to employment and influences broader societal inclusion. Discrimination within this practice can significantly impact groups in society, such as minorities or women. This study investigates how regulative, normative, and cognitive institutional pressures impact the stability of anti-discriminatory practices within recruitment. Using a qualitative methodology, semi-structured interviews were conducted with recruitment consultants operating in Sweden. The findings reveal that recruitment consultants encounter challenges in consistently implementing anti-discriminatory practices, despite equality-promoting regulations and laws existing in Sweden. These challenges originate from conflicting institutional pressures, which create institutional complexity. This complexity leads to a push and pull effect between formal anti-discriminatory regulations and practices based on biases or prejudices, which can undermine efforts to promote diversity and inclusion. Overall, the study highlights the importance of organizations critically assessing and navigating the institutional environment to maintain or introduce equitable recruitment practices in the Swedish context
Prototyping Ultrasonic Position Measurement for Telescopic Shafts in Industrial Assembly Tools : From Concept to Implementation and Performance Evaluation
No full textAtlas Copco Industrial Technique's Fixtured Nutrunner QST uses a telescopic shaft that compresses during fastener engagement, but this axial movement currently goes unmeasured. This missing feedback prevents verification of proper tool engagement and process monitoring. This thesis investigates ultrasonic time-of-flight measurement for non-contact linear displacement sensing in industrial assembly tools. A prototype was developed using a 300 kHz ultrasonic transducer with analog amplification and digital processing on a microcontroller. The system transmits ultrasonic pulses and measures echo return time from a reflector mounted on the shaft end. Embedded software implements real-time signal processing with peak detection, median filtering, and Kalman estimation to extract position from noisy measurements. Testing demonstrated ±0.5 mm accuracy over 39–119 mm at 300 Hz update rates. The system tracked both static positions and dynamic movements reliably. Performance degraded at extended distances where beam divergence reduces echo strength below transducer ringing levels, causing intermittent false detections. Larger reflectors maintained stable measurements at these distances by preserving sufficient echo amplitude. The results confirm ultrasonic measurement can provide position feedback for telescopic shafts in industrial tools. While the current peak detection algorithm limits range, the measurement principle functions within the mechanical and environmental constraints. Correlation-based detection would extend reliable operation across the full span. This work establishes the technical foundation for implementing shaft position feedback in production tools
Perceptions and Experience ofAdults in Sweden with MobileMental Health Applications
No full textThe increasing prevalence of mental health issues among adults, such as stress, anxiety, anddepression, has emphasized the need for accessible and effective mental health inter ventions.While traditional mental health services remain essential, their underutilization due to stigma,accessibility barriers, and lack of awareness has led to the emergence of mobile mental healthapplications as viable alternatives. These applications offer various features, including moodtracking, cognitive behavioral therapy exercises, guided medita tion, and AI-driven support. However, their adoption and effectiveness are influenced by multiple factors, including digital literacy,usability, privacy concerns, and trust in digital solutions.This thesis explores the perceptions and experiences of adults living in Sweden re garding mobilemental health applications, aiming to identify key barriers and facilitators affecting their engagement. The findings of this study contribute to the broader discourse on mobile mental healthby offering practical recommendations for developers, to better serve the needs of adults living in Sweden, ultimately promoting mental well-being and increasing access to mental healthsupport
Process description for educational videos on medical devices : For the department of medical devices at Region Jämtland Härjedalen
No full textToday, a large number of medical devices are used in healthcare. Approximately two-thirds of all healthcare accidents occur in technology-intensive specialties, and most of these accidents happen due to user errors. The Medical Technology Department (MTA) at Östersund Hospital has expressed concerns that medical devices are systematically used incorrectly, leading to an increased need for maintenance and possible risks for patients. One method to increase competence and spread information on correct usage is to create and distribute digital educational videos regarding medical devices. The purpose of this study is to create a process description for how educational videos can be created and used by MTA, thereby improving the use of medical devices in Region Jämtland Härjedalen. The methods used in the study include literature studies, conversations and observations with employees at MTA and the Clinical Training Center at Östersund Hospital, an interview with the person responsible for safety at MTA, and a survey directed to users of medical devices at the hospital. The result of the study is a process description based on the collected data. It describes how the employees at MTA can produce educational videos, from idea to finished material, which then can be shared with the users. There are several regulations and legal requirements regarding medical devices that this study investigates to see how manufacturer’s responsibilities can be avoided in the creation of educational videos. It was realized during the study that it was difficult to find a clear answer on how this can be done. The recommendations in the process description take these legal requirements and regulations into account, but cannot guarantee that manufacturer’s responsibility has been completely avoided without each video undergoing a legal review
Managing Tacit Knowledge in the Consulting Industry : A European Case Study of CGI
No full textThis thesis investigates how consulting firms manage and transfer tacit knowledge both internally among consultants and externally to clients, amid digitalized and hybrid work environments. Drawing on the Knowledge-Based View (KBV), the study explores mechanisms, enablers, and barriers to tacit knowledge transfer through a qualitative case study of CGI, a multinational IT and business consultancy. Ten semi-structured interviews with senior consultants across Sweden, Germany, and the Netherlands informed a three-level thematic analysis. Rather than adopting a technology-oriented perspective, the thesis emphasizes the social and relational foundations of tacit knowledge transfer. Internally, transfer occurs through mentorship and informal dialogue, with digital tools serving as supportive rather than primary mediators. Externally, effective transfer depends on contextual alignment, shared expectations, and the consultant–client relationship, while barriers such as change resistance and limited absorptive capacity persist. The findings extend KBV theory to hybrid consulting contexts and offer practical insights for managing expertise in knowledge-intensive firms
Development of empirical anti-inflammatory diet index : a cross-sectional study
No full textBackgroundThere is evidence that some foods and dietary patterns may influence low-grade inflammation status. We aimed to develop a user-friendly empirical Anti-inflammatory Diet Index (eADI) that predicts low-grade chronic inflammation.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study of 4,432 men (aged 74 +/- 6 years) from the Cohort of Swedish Men-Clinical, inflammatory status was assessed by high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNF-R1), and tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 (TNF-R2). Dietary intake was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire. The eADI was developed in a randomly chosen Discovery group (n = 2,216) using a 10-fold feature selection with filtering (based on Lasso regression) to select food groups most correlated with inflammatory biomarkers. From the selected foods, the eADI was then constructed based on summed scores of the consumption tertiles (corresponding to 0, 0.5, and 1 point). Next, in the Replication group (n = 2,216), the association of eADI with inflammatory biomarkers was examined using multivariable-adjusted linear regression models.ResultseADI-17 included 17 food groups (11 with anti-inflammatory, 6 with pro-inflammatory potential). In the Replication group, the median of eADI-17 was 9 (range: 2-16) scores and the Spearman correlation coefficients for eADI-17 vs. hsCRP, IL-6, TNF-R1, and TNF-R2 were -0.17, -0.23, -0.28, and -0.26, respectively. Each increment by 4.5-point eADI-17 (2 SD) was associated with concentrations that were 12% lower for hsCRP, 6% lower for IL-6, 8% lower for TNF-R1, and 9% lower for TNF-R2. These results obtained for the Replication group were robust as they were essentially the same as those of the Discovery group.ConclusionsThe eADI-17 is a validated, robust and user-friendly anti-inflammatory diet index developed to predict low-grade chronic inflammation. This index has the potential to further refine future dietary guidelines and to be used in personalized nutrition. However, its predictive validity should be further evaluated in diverse populations.Correction in: Nutrition Journal volume 24, Article number: 130 (2025) DOI: 10.1186/s12937-025-01208-3</p
On the relation between fractional charge and statistics
No full textWe revisit an argument, originally given by Kivelson and Rocek, for why the existence of fractional charge necessarily implies fractional statistics. In doing so, we resolve a contradiction in the original argument, and in the case of a nu = 1/m Laughlin holes, we also show that the standard relation between fractional charge and statistics is necessary by an argument based on a t'Hooft anomaly in a one-form global Zm symmetry
Human Rights in the Cyber Age : The Obligations of States to Protect Human Rights Against the Consequences of Cyberattacks
No full textVärlden vi lever i blir alltmer digitaliserad. Desto längre digitaliseringen fortskrider desto större hot utgör cyberattacker mot människors åtnjutande av mänskliga rättigheter som rätten till privatliv och yttrandefrihet, men även ekonomiska rättigheter som rätten till bostad och mat. Detta arbete syftar till att utreda under vilka förutsättningar stater har skyldigheter att skydda mänskliga rättigheter mot effekter av cyberattacker och hur dessa skyldigheter i sådana fall ser ut innehållsmässigt. Med avstamp i den internationella konventionen om de medborgerliga och politiska rättigheterna samt den internationella konventionen om de ekonomiska, sociala och kulturella rättigheterna undersöks jurisdiktion och staters skyldigheter att skydda mänskliga rättigheter vid fall av cyberattacker.
Natural capital approaches to decision-making for collaborative landscape governance
No full textThis study explores if and how natural capital approaches can support collaborative landscape governance. We selected six initiatives across the UK that have taken varied approaches to working with natural capital. We assessed how they have articulated, described and valued their landscapes and natural systems, and the consequences of doing so. We found that processes of systematically describing natural assets and their benefits can stimulate local investment in ecosystem markets and bring people together to co-produce plans. However, efforts to monetarily value natural capital assets were not always necessary: in some cases, new partners and resources were enroled without monetary valuations. These findings challenge the current emphasis on valuation framings in natural capital approaches. They show how natural capital approaches can help address the simultaneous challenges of connecting disparate priorities and securing new funding sources. This offers insights for international efforts to support collaborative landscape governance that delivers multiple benefits for people and nature
Asthma and extrapulmonary comorbidities in a middle-aged general population : results from the SCAPIS study
No full textINTRODUCTION: Asthma may increase the risk of comorbidities and systemic inflammation, but population data are scarce. This study aimed to compare comorbidities and systemic inflammation between those with and without current asthma and to identify characteristics linked to comorbidities and biomarkers. METHODS: In a cross-sectional analysis of 28 828 people aged 50-64 in the Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study, assessments included postbronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), serum levels of C reactive protein (CRP) and haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). Data on current physician-diagnosed asthma, respiratory symptoms and comorbidities were obtained via a questionnaire. RESULTS: The prevalence of current asthma was 6.3%. Current asthma was independently associated with a higher prevalence of hypertension (OR=1.30; 95% CI 1.16 to 1.46), hyperlipidaemia (OR=1.20; 95% CI 1.04 to 1.39), diabetes (OR=1.42; 95% CI 1.16 to 1.75), coeliac disease (OR=2.52; 95% CI 1.61 to 3.95) and rheumatic disease (OR=1.43; 95% CI 1.16 to 1.78). Asthma was also associated with higher levels of CRP (beta=0.25; 95% CI 0.06 to 0.44) and HbA1c (beta=0.47; 95% CI 0.18 to 0.77). In those with asthma, lower FVC % predicted was associated with a higher likelihood of hypertension (OR=1.10; 95% CI 1.01 to 1.19), diabetes (OR=1.47; 95% CI 1.26 to 1.71) and rheumatic disease (OR=1.22; 95% CI 1.05 to 1.42). Lower FEV1 % predicted was associated with a higher likelihood of diabetes (OR=1.27; 95% CI 1.12 to 1.44). FVC % and FEV1 % predicted were negatively associated with CRP and HbA1c. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that in middle-aged people, asthma is independently associated with common comorbidities such as hypertension, diabetes and rheumatic disease, as well as elevated CRP and blood glucose. Our data suggest that some associations are connected with lung function impairment in those with asthma