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AN APPROACH TO CONSTRUCTING WIND FARM POWER CURVES: A CASE STUDY USING WINDPRO
No full textOffshore wind power is becoming a vital part of the global energy mix, increasing the need for accurate modeling of wind farm output. Traditional single turbine power curves fail to capture the aggregated behavior of full wind farms, where wake effects, wind speed variation, and asynchronous control responses lead to significant deviations. This thesis proposes a simulation-based approach to construct an aggregated power curve (APC) that reflects the physical and statistical characteristics of offshore wind farms. Using WindPRO, a 100-turbine offshore wind farm with a regular 10 × 10 layout was modeled. Ten years of high-resolution reanalysis wind data (NOW-23) served as inputs, with five meteorological points used for spatial interpolation. The simulation incorporated key physical mechanisms, including the Jensen wake model, the Forsting blockage model, and high wind ride through (HWRT) turbine behavior. Time-varying mode was adopted to simulate independent responses under realistic wind conditions. The resultant APC was constructed using wind speed binning and Piecewise Cubic Hermite Interpolating Polynomial (PCHIP) fitting. Compared to single turbine curves, the APC shows smoother growth in the mid-wind range and delayed curtailment at high wind speeds. A sensitivity analysis was conducted by rotating the wind farm axis at 30°, 45°, and 60°. Capacity factor differences across orientations were all below 0.01, indicating strong robustness of the APC structure. This modeling approach avoids reliance on historical power data and offers high interpretability and reliability. It provides a useful tool for grid planning, wind power integration studies, and performance assessment of large-scale offshore wind farms
Multi-higher-order Dirac and nodal line semimetals
No full textIn recent years, there has been a surge of interest in exploring higher-order topology and their semimetallic counterparts, particularly in the context of Dirac, Weyl, and nodal line semimetals, termed higher-order Dirac semimetals (HODSM), higher-order Weyl semimetals, and higher-order nodal line semimetals (HONLSM). The HODSM phase exhibits hinge Fermi arcs (FAs) with a quantized higher-order topological invariant. Conversely, the HONLSM phase is a hybrid-order topological phase manifesting both drumhead-like surface states and hinge FAs as a signature of first- and second-order topology, and also possesses both first- and second-order topological invariants. In this work, we investigate a tight binding model for multi-HODSM (mHODSM) hosting multiple hinge FAs having a quantized quadrupolar winding number (QWN) greater than one. Furthermore, we obtain a multi-HONLSM (mHONLSM) phase from the mHODSM by applying an external magnetic field, which breaks the symmetry. The mHONLSM phase possesses both the dipolar winding number, nonvanishing only inside the nodal loops, being the representative invariant for first-order topology, and the QWN, featuring both drumhead-like surface states and multiple hinge FAs. We study the spectral properties of the mHODSM and mHONLSM in different geometries. We also investigate the hinge FA-mediated transport in HONLSM employing a two-terminal setup
Jesus dom och tortyr : En studie om Jesus dom och tortyr i Matteusevangeliet och The Passion of the Christ
No full textThis essay examines Jesus' judgment and torture in the Gospel of Matthew 27:15–31 and in the movie The Passion of the Christ (2004). The aim is to analyze how the judgment and torture are presented in the biblical text and the movie, and explore their meanings. The study is grounded in Adele Reinhartz’s theoretical framework from Jesus of Hollywood (2007), which defines what constitutes a Jesus film. The narrative method and film analysis were used to achieve the essay's purpose. The verses in the Gospel of Matthew and the different scenes in the movie were analyzed to clarify the narratives and what they included, like characters and dialog. The result shows that the Passion of the Christ´s expands the narrative by extending the judgment scene and adding violence, more characters, and dialog. The story focuses on the torture of Jesus and portrays it violently. The narrative of the Gospel of Matthew focuses on Jesus' judgment with little focus on torture or violence. The violence in the movie does not come from the Gospel of Matthew or the other evangelists, but from extrabiblical visions from nuns. However, the violence can help illuminate Jesus’ suffering to the movie's audience. This means the narratives about Jesus' judgment and torture in the Gospel of Matthew 27:15–31 and The Passion of the Christ (2004) focus on different things. In contrast, the bible text focuses on the judgment and the movie on Jesus' torture and violence
What Does Mary Know? : A Critical Analysis of Michael Tye’s Objections to David Lewis’s Ability Hypothesis
No full textThis essay examines the classic thought experiment known as the Knowledge Argument, presented by Frank Jackson in his essay Epiphenomenal Qualia. The argument challenges physicalist theories of mind by suggesting that there are facts about conscious experience that cannot be captured by physical information alone. The focus of this essay lies on Lewis’s Ability Hypothesis and Michael Tye’s critique of this hypothesis. The aim is twofold: first, to evaluate whether Tye’s objections to the Ability Hypothesis are justified, and second, to assess whether the Ability Hypothesis, if true, is sufficient to address the challenge posed by the Knowledge Argument. The essay examines the various arguments presented by Tye, in particular his hue argument and distraction argument, and concludes that the critique provided by Tye is not enough to refute the Ability Hypothesis. It is also concluded that the Ability Hypothesis, given that it is true, can provide an adequate response to the Knowledge Argument.
Intraoperativ vätsketerapi vid bukkirurgi: Påverkas vuxna patienters postoperativa vårdtid? : En kvantitativ litteraturöversikt
No full textBakgrund: Intraoperativ vätsketerapi spelar en central roll i perioperativ vård genom att säkerställa patientens hemodynamiska stabilitet under kirurgiska ingrepp samt optimera återhämtningen postoperativt. Detta är särskilt viktigt vid bukkirurgi. Trots att olika strategier för vätsketerapi har visat sig kunna minska risken för postoperativa komplikationer, varierar den kliniska praxisen. Den motstridiga evidensen understryker behovet av en systematisk litteraturöversikt med syfte att klargöra hur olika vätsketerapistrategier påverkar vårdtiden och patientens lidande. Syfte: Att undersöka hur intraoperativ vätsketerapi påverkar vårdtiden hos vuxna patienter som genomgått bukkirurgi. Metod: Studieupplägget var en systematisk litteraturöversikt baserad på 23 randomiserade kontrollerade studier (RCT), identifierade i relevanta databaser. Kvaliteten på de inkluderade studierna bedömdes med hjälp av SBU:s mall för risk för bias och evidensgradering enligt GRADE. Data analyserades och presenteras genom narrativ syntes. Syftet med den systematiska granskningen var att kartlägga vilken strategi för vätsketerapi som är mest fördelaktig för patientens vårdtid, med ett tydligt omvårdnadsperspektiv som tog hänsyn till anestesisjuksköterskans centrala roll. Resultat: Majoriteten av de inkluderade studierna visade ingen signifikant skillnad i vårdtid mellan olika strategier för intraoperativ vätsketerapi. Av de 19 studier som utvärderade målstyrd vätsketerapi (GDFT) visade endast två studier signifikant kortare vårdtid, medan en studie visade en signifikant längre vårdtid. Tre studier som utvärderade en restriktiv vätskestrategi visade ingen signifikant skillnad i vårdtid jämfört med kontrollgrupperna. Endast en studie, som undersökte en annan terapi med restriktivt utfall, visade på en signifikant förkortad vårdtid. Slutsats: Ingen vätsketerapi har visat tydlig effekt på vårdtid vid bukkirurgi. Vissa studier tyder på att individualiserad målstyrd vätsketerapi kan vara fördelaktig vid elektiv kirurgi. Även om vårdtiden inte alltid påverkas, så framstår behovet av en individualiserad vätsketerapi som återkommande. Anestesisjuksköterskan bör tillämpa evidensbaserad vätsketerapi utefter patientens kliniska och hemodynamiska status minska vårdlidande.Background: Intraoperative fluid therapy plays a central role in perioperative care, maintaining hemodynamic stability during surgery and optimizing postoperative recovery, particularly after abdominal surgery. Although different fluid strategies may reduce postoperative complications, clinical practices remain inconsistent. The conflicting evidence underlines the necessity of systematically reviewing how intraoperative fluid strategies impact hospital stay and the care deprivation. Aim: To investigate how intraoperative fluid therapy affects hospital length of stay in adult patients undergoing abdominal surgery. Method: A systematic literature review based on 23 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) identified in relevant databases. Study quality was assessed using the Swedish Agency for Health Technology Assessment (SBU) framework for risk of bias and evidence strength graded with GRADE. Data were synthesized narratively. The review aimed to identify the most beneficial fluid strategy for hospital length of stay from a nursing perspective, emphasizing the anesthetist nurse's role. Results: Most studies found no significant differences in hospital stay between fluid strategies. Of the 19 studies assessing goal-directed fluid therapy (GDFT), only two showed significantly shorter stays, while one indicated a longer stay. Three studies examining restrictive strategies found no significant difference compared to controls. One additional study using another restrictive approach showed significantly shorter hospital stays. Conclusion: No single intraoperative fluid therapy consistently impacted hospital length of stay in abdominal surgery. However, individualized goal-directed fluid therapy showed potential advantages in elective surgery. Nurse anesthetists should base fluid management decisions on individualized assessments, guided by evidence-based knowledge and patient-specific hemodynamic conditions to reduce care deprivation
Datortomografiundersökning av patienter med obesitas : Effekten av patientens kroppsstorlek på erhållen stråldos och bildkvalitet vid DT-buk
No full textBakgrund Datortomografiska undersökningar (DT) är komplexa röntgenundersökningar, som utgör en majoritet av den medicinska strålningen som patienter utsätts för. DT används regelbundet på patienter med obesitas, men tekniken innebär utmaningar kopplade till ökad stråldos och nedsatt bildkvalitet för denna population. Införandet av exponeringsautomatik utgör ett betydande framsteg inom optimeringen av stråldoser vid datortomografiundersökningar. Syfte Syftet med arbetet är att studera hur obesitas påverkar stråldoser och diagnostisk bildkvalitet vid datortomografiska undersökningar av bukområdet. Metod Studien är en systematisk litteraturstudie inkluderande tio vetenskapliga artiklar som analyserade dos- och bildkvalitetsparametrar vid DT-buk hos överviktiga och överviktiga patienter. Data samlades in via databaserna PubMed, CINAHL och Scopus, där vetenskapliga artiklar som besvarade frågeställningarna och på adekvat nivå uppfyllde inklusionskriterierna analyserades genom genomläsning av materialet i sin helhet och senare identifiering av relevanta avsnitt följt av systematisk översikt av syfte, urval, metodologisk ansats, huvudsakliga resultat och bedömd kvalitet. Resultat Patientens kroppsstorlek påverkar både stråldos och bildkvalitet. Ökad kroppsstorlek leder till högre stråldos och minskad bildkvalitet, men avancerade teknologier som automatisk exponeringskontroll (AEC och ATCM) och iterativ rekonstruktion kan delvis motverka dessa effekter. Slutsats Kroppsstorlek spelar en avgörande roll gällande både stråldos och diagnostisk bildkvalitet vid DT-undersökningar av buken. Undersökningar bör anpassas till patientens individuella egenskaper för att följa ALARA-principen. Background Computed tomography (CT) examinations are complex imaging procedures that constitute the majority of medical radiation exposure to patients. CT is frequently used for patients with obesity; however, the technique presents challenges associated with increased radiation dose and reduced image quality in this population. The introduction of automatic exposure control represents a significant advancement in the optimization of radiation doses in CT examinations. Aim The aim of this study is to investigate how obesity affects radiation dose and diagnostic image quality in abdominal CT examinations. Method This study is a systematic literature review that includes ten scientific articles analyzing dose and image quality parameters in abdominal CT for overweight and obese patients. Data was collected from the PubMed, CINAHL, and Scopus databases. Articles that addressed the research questions and adequately met the inclusion criteria were critically reviewed and analyzed by reading through the material and identifying the relevant sections, followed by a systematic overview of the purpose, selection, methodological approach, main results and assessed quality. Result Patient body size influences both radiation dose and image quality. Increased body size results in higher radiation dose and decreased image quality. However, advanced technologies such as automatic exposure control (AEC and ATCM) and iterative reconstruction can partially mitigate these effects. Conclusion Body size plays a crucial role in determining both radiation dose and diagnostic image quality in abdominal CT examinations. Examinations should be tailored to the individual characteristics of the patient to comply with the ALARA principle
Developing a Progressive Web Application for Membership Management : Exploring how a PWA can reduce administrative workload in small-scale non-profit organizations
No full textThis report presents the problem a small non-profitable organization faces with a large administrative workload for a small number of individuals. For Uppsala Makerspace (UM) this includes membership handling and manually accepting new memberships and their payments. Further they are also using a different system for unlocking doors which adds to the workload. Since Sweden has a lot of small non-profitable organizations, a lot of them are facing the same problem as UM. To help UM with this, a Progressive Web App (PWA) was developed. A PWA integrates the best from native apps while retaining the flexibility of regular websites. It is also a cheaper alternative to native apps, which makes it of special interest for non-profitable organizations, which often lack resources for expensive solutions. The work was carried out in different segments. First specific information was gathered about the makerspace and from there a design was developed. After that the development started. Construction of the PWA included collecting and adding data to an NoSQL database as well as doing front end work according to the developed design and input from the members. A few complications arose along the way. The most major one was how the payment should be handled. After careful consideration Swish was chosen as the main payment provider because it aligned well with our clients needs and resources. Overall the final product met the most crucial aspects that were expected from the PWA. Since the project was big, some things were left for future work. This includes for example adding another payment provider for those who can not use swish, such as foreign people without a swedish social security number.Denna rapport belyser de utmaningar en liten ideell organisation möter i form av en omfattande administrativ arbetsbörda som vilar på ett fåtal personer. För Uppsala Makerspace (UM) inkluderar detta medlemsadministration samt manuell hantering av nya medlemmar och deras betalningar. Dessutom använder de ett separat system för att låsa upp dörrar, vilket ytterligare ökar arbetsbördan. Eftersom Sverige har många små ideella organisationer, möter många samma slags utmaningar som UM gör. För att hjälpa UM med detta utvecklades en progressiv webbapplikation (PWA). En PWA kombinerar det bästa från mobilappar med flexibiliteten hos vanliga webbplatser. Det är också ett billigare alternativ till inbyggda appar, vilket gör det särskilt intressant för ideella organisationer som ofta saknar resurser för dyra lösningar. Arbetet genomfördes i flera steg. Först samlades specifik information in om UM, varefter en design togs fram. Därefter inleddes utvecklingen, vilken omfattade både insamling och lagring av data i en NoSQL-databas samt frontend-utveckling baserad på den framtagna designen och medlemmarnas synpunkter. Utvecklingsprocessen medförde ett antal utmaningar, där betalningshanteringen visade sig vara den mest krävande. Efter noggrant övervägande valdes Swish som huvudsaklig betalningslösning eftersom det stämde väl överens med kundens behov och resurser. Överlag uppfyllde den färdiga produkten de mest centrala kraven som ställdes på PWA:n. Med hänsyn till projektets omfattning återstår dock implementering av vissa funktioner. Detta inkluderar exempelvis att lägga till en annan betalningslösning för personer som inte kan använda Swish
What matters to patients with multiple sclerosis? Identifying patient-relevant attributes using a ranking exercise with open-ended answers from an online survey in Italy
No full textObjectives: This study aimed to explore what intervention specificities or attributes newly diagnosed individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS) find important and to explore possible reasons behind their evaluations. Design: A stepwise approach began with a systematic literature review to identify significant attributes. Patients with MS then assessed these attributes through an online survey, which included a ranking exercise and open-ended questions. Finally, the results were evaluated by the clinical team to select the most relevant factors for personalised care. Setting and participants: From June 2023 to December 2023, all consecutive patients referred to the MS Center of Careggi University Hospital were screened for inclusion. Following recruitment, cognitive and physical assessments were administered at the Don Gnocchi Centre. All participants were interviewed by an experienced neuropsychologist. Procedures: Participants were enrolled in the RELIABLE clinical trial, which included a ranking exercise and open-ended question. In the ranking exercise, patients prioritised levels of treatment attributes: treatment effects, methods of intervention, type of monitoring, monitoring, mode and mental support. The open-ended questions addressed the reasons behind the level rankings. Results: Participants’ rankings revealed the most important levels of each attribute. The highest-ranked method of intervention was disease-modifying treatment, which received 164 points. For mental support, individual psychotherapy was deemed most important with 149 points. Preservation of cognitive function, a key treatment effect, received 144 points. Clinical check-ups were the top type of monitoring with 129 points. Lastly, the hybrid mode of monitoring (half remote/half in-person) was ranked with 77 points. Open-ended responses provided insights into the reasons behind these preferences, emphasising the importance of maintaining mobility, cognitive function and emotional well-being. The clinical team evaluated these findings, confirming that the selected attributes were both clinically relevant and aligned with patient priorities. This evaluation process ensured that the treatment specificities chosen for individualised care were comprehensive and reflective of patient needs. Conclusions: By identifying and prioritising key treatment attributes, this research highlights the multifaceted nature of MS management and emphasises the importance of aligning treatment options with patient preferences. Addressing these factors through further quantitative preference assessments is essential for preventative MS care, improving patient outcomes and promoting a more patient-centred approach to treatment
Need for support in patients with oncological disease when they are cared for in a palliative stage: A literature review
No full textBakgrund: Cancer är en av de vanligaste dödsorsakerna i världen. Idag lever dock många med obotlig cancer under längre tid och vårdas därför med palliativ intention. Den palliativa vården innebär utmaningar både för patient, närstående och vårdpersonal, vilket kräver utökad kunskap om patientens behov. Roy Callistas adaptionsteori bygger på att individen är ett adaptivt system där välbefinnande kan uppnås på ett tillfredsställande sätt med hjälp av en holistisk omvårdnad som fokuserar på patientens behov. Syfte: Syftet med litteraturstudien var att beskriva vilka behov av stöd patienter med onkologisk sjukdom har när de vårdas i ett palliativt skede. Metod: Designen är en allmän litteraturstudie med induktivt förhållningssätt. Databaserna Cinahl, PubMed och PsycINFO användes för datainsamling. Inkluderade artiklar kvalitetsgranskades enligt Statens beredning för medicinsk och social utvärdering bedömning av studier med kvalitativ metodik. 19 kvalitativa artiklar analyserades slutligen med innehållsanalys med induktiv ansats. Resultat: Resultatet presenterades i fyra huvudkategorier med utgångspunkt i patienternas behov av stöd i relation till psykiska aspekter, fysiska aspekter, sociala aspekter och existentiella aspekter. Patienterna hade behov av stöd från närstående och hälso- och sjukvård. Det var främst det emotionella stödet men även det praktiska stödet i form av stöd i det vardagliga livet som lyftes. Slutsats: Patienternas stödbehov är mångfacetterat, där majoriteten av studierna betonar emotionellt och praktiskt stöd. Resultatet visar att patienterna har individuella behov men utifrån liknande utgångspunkt och perspektiv som vårdpersonalen behöver ta hänsyn till för att ge en personcentrerad vård som främjar välbefinnande och livskvalitet.Background: Cancer is one of the world's most common causes of death. Today, many people live with incurable cancer longer and are therefore treated with palliative intent. Palliative care poses challenges for both the patient, relatives and healthcare professionals, which requires increased knowledge of the patient's needs. Roy Callista´s adaptation theory is based on the idea that the individual is an adaptive system where well-being can be achieved in a satisfying way with holistic care that focuses on the patient’s needs. Aim: The purpose of the literature review was to describe the support needs of patients with oncological disease when they are receiving palliative care. Design: The design is a general literature review with an inductive approach. The databases Cinahl, PubMed and PsycINFO were used for data collection. Included articles were quality-reviewed according to the Swedish Agency for Health Technology Assessment and Assessment of Social Services assessment of studies with qualitative methodology. 19 qualitative articles were analyzed with an inductive approach. Results: The results were presented in four main categories based on the patients’ needs för psychological aspects, physical aspects, social aspects and existential aspects. The patients need support from relatives and healthcare. It was mainly emotional support that was highlighted, but also practical support in terms of living a daily life. Conclusion: Patients' needs of support are multifaceted, with the majority of studies emphasizing emotional and practical support. The results show that patients have individual needs but from similar starting points and perspectives that healthcare professionals need to take into account to provide person-centered care that promotes well-being and quality of life