Publikationer från Uppsala Universitet
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Interfacial Chemistry between Formamidinium Lead Trihalide Perovskites and Atomic-Layer-Deposited Tin Oxide
No full textTin oxide (SnO x ) by atomic-layer deposition (ALD), in combination with fullerene, is widely employed as an electron transport layer in p-i-n perovskite solar cells. This study investigates the direct deposition of ALD SnO x on top of formamidinium (FA)-based perovskites, as a step toward the elimination of the fullerene interlayer and its poor effect on solar cell's long-term stability. The interfacial chemistry between FA-based perovskites (FAPbI3 and FAPbBr3) and ALD SnO x was studied using soft and hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (SOXPES and HAXPES) with a focus on investigating the separate roles FA and different halides play during interface formation. FAPbI3 and FAPbBr3 solar cell structures solely containing ALD SnO x resulted in s-shaped current-voltage characteristics, indicating the formation of a transport barrier at the interface. Both SOXPES and HAXPES measurements revealed the emergence of additional nitrogen states at the interface during the ALD SnO x deposition on FAPbI3 and FAPbBr3, where these states are linked to the decomposition of FA+. The FAPbI3/ALD SnO x interface also showed the presence of lead iodide (PbI2) through additional lead states other than that from FAPbI3 by using SOXPES measurements. Concerning the FAPbBr3/ALD SnO x interface, no additional lead states were observed; however, measurements instead revealed the formation of Sn-Br bonds at the interface along with the migration of bromine ions into the bulk of the ALD SnO x . Thus, FAPbI3 and FAPbBr3 undergo distinct reaction pathways upon direct deposition of ALD SnO x on top of them. We reason that the decomposition of FA+ in both perovskites and the formation of PbI2 at the FAPbI3/ALD SnO x interface and the incorporation of Br in SnO x at the FAPbBr3/ALD SnO x interface prove detrimental toward device performance. Therefore, careful interfacial engineering that can mitigate the formation of these products should be utilized to enhance the performance of perovskite solar cells
En kulturkanon för Sverige : Betänkande av kommittén En kulturkanon för Sverige
No full textSverige är i dag präglat av en stor splittring rörande tillit, trygghet, social sammanhållning och gemenskap. I detta läge finns behov av att tydliggöra och tillgängliggöra det kulturella arv som har format landet, som en gemensam referensram för både nya och etablerade medborgare. Genom att lyfta fram verk och företeelser som haft varaktig betydelse för svensk kultur och samhällsutveckling – inom både konstnärliga och samhälleliga fält – syftar kulturkanonen till att främja en medborgerlig bildning som kan stärka gemenskapen och bredda förståelsen för Sveriges historiska förankring
The role of super enhancer-controlled genes in colon cancer
No full textDeveloping a wide array of therapeutic agents increases the likelihood that patients will survive cancer and continue their lives with limited side effects. It is common knowledge that cancer is caused by mutated DNA resulting in uncontrolled cell growth, but it is less widely recognized that enhancer regions also lead to tumor development. More research is needed to understand how super enhancers act as regulators of several oncogenes and could serve as targets for cancer treatment.The aim of the project was to investigate the effects of super enhancers on cancer cell growth and test the effect of inhibitors as a potential treatment option. For this purpose, MYC proto-oncogene bHLH transcription factor (MYC), SRY-box transcription factor 9 (SOX9) and KIT ligand (KITLG) were selected as prototype super enhancer-controlled genes. They were studied in more detail through reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization (RNA FISH) in the HCT 116 cell line, epithelial cells from a colon cancer cell line with a particular Kirsten rat sarcoma virus (KRAS) mutation. Finally, the effect of A485, JQ1 and BI2865, three different inhibitors were tested and respective gene expression measured.Results showed that gene expression of all three super enhancer-controlled genes increased by 2.7 times when the cancer cells were stimulated to grow. Results also confirmed that JQ1 and A485 reduced gene expression of the selected genes by 7 and 15-fold respectively, however more research was necessary to confirm their clinical use in the fight against cancer
Plasma LEAP2 concentration is associated with attention and cognitive responses to low-calorie food cues in men depending on body weight status
No full textBackground The putative role of LEAP2 in central nervous system functions such as attentional or cognitive processes related to food intake remain poorly understood in humans. Aims To investigate the relationship between fasting LEAP2 concentration and attentional or cognitive processes related to food cues, and whether body weight status may modulate them. Methods Stroop-Food and Stroop Low-Calorie/High-Calorie food tasks, Attention-Network-Test, Iowa-Gambling-Task, and fasting LEAP2 concentration were assessed in 108 men aged 18–40 yr with normal weight (NW) and 91 with overweight or obesity (OW/OB). Multivariable linear regression analyses were conducted to examine the relationship between fasting LEAP2 concentration and behavioral tests outcomes. Results Individuals with OW/OB exhibited lower number of correctly identified words in the Stroop Food and Stroop Low-Calorie/High-Calorie Food tasks and had higher LEAP2 concentrations compared to NW participants (p < 0.01). Fasting LEAP2 was positively associated with Executive attention [Beta (95 % CI): 21.18 (2.91, 39.45), p = 0.024], and inversely with Alerting attention [Beta (95 % CI):18.04 (-35.52, -0.57), p = 0.043], in NW but not in subjects with OW/OB. LEAP2 was positively related with responses to low-calorie food words [Beta (95 % CI): 11.88 (0.52, 23.25), p = 0.041] only in subjects with OW/OB. Conclusion LEAP2 is associated with attention and cognitive responses in men depending on body weight status. It may play a differential role in cognitive processes related to food intake, particularly in individuals with OW/OB while influencing attentional processes in lean subjects
High coffee consumption may increase aortic diameter and risk of abdominal aortic aneurysm in smokers
No full textAn association of coffee consumption with a risk of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is unknown. We hypothesized that coffee consumption influences aortic diameter and AAA risk, with smoking status as a modifier. The study included 42,723 Swedish men and 34,921 women (age 45-83 years) with infrarenal aortic diameter (IAD) measured in 8,109 men. Over 18.7 years, 1863 AAA cases (1585 non-ruptured, 278 ruptured) were identified. Among participants with coffee consumption ≤ 5 cups/day, current smokers versus never smokers had a 3-fold higher risk of non-ruptured and ruptured AAA (HR = 3.12, 95%CI = 2.62-3.71 and HR = 2.90, 95%CI = 1.95-4.31, respectively); the risk increased with coffee consumption > 5 cups/day and was a 4-fold higher (HR = 3.89, 95%CI = 3.12-4.85) for non-ruptured and a 4.6-fold higher (HR = 4.61, 95%CI = 2.72-7.86) for ruptured AAA (P-value- multiplicative-interaction = 0.009). 160 (2.0%) screened men had an IAD ≥ 30 mm. In men drinking daily ≤ 3 cups of coffee, current smokers versus never smokers had a 4-fold (OR = 4.09, 95%CI = 1.81-9.22) higher risk of IAD ≥ 30 mm; in men with higher coffee consumption (> 3 cups/day), the risk increased 6.6-fold (OR = 6.58, 95%CI = 2.98-14.6). In ex-smokers, the corresponding ORs were 1.67 (95%CI = 0.62-4.49) and 3.27 (95%CI = 1.27-8.40), respectively. In conclusion, high coffee consumption may increase risk of AAA and infrarenal aortic diameter in smokers
Effective polysulfides regulation in high-performance Li-S batteries via novel VO2-VS2 heterostructure
No full textDeveloping effective heterostructure strategies to mitigate the shuttling effect and accelerate lithium polysulfide (LiPS) conversion remains a critical challenge in lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries. Here, we report the first carbon-free VO2-VS2 heterostructure material synthesized via in situ sulfurization, applied as a modifier on a commercial polypropylene (PP) separator (denoted as VO2-VS2@PP). The as-prepared VO2-VS2 nanorods synergistically combine the high absorptivity of VO2 with the efficient catalytic properties of VS2, simultaneously enhancing LiPS anchoring and promoting its conversion. We systematically investigate the influence of material composition on battery performance, leveraging these functional attributes, Li-S cells incorporating VO2-VS2@PP exhibit exceptional cycle stability (over 500 cycles at 1C), impressive rate performance (807 mAh·g-1 at 5C), desirable reversibility (49.9% capacity retention after 300 cycles at 5C) and exceptional pouch cell performance (3.65 mAh·cm-2 after 50 stable cycles at 0.1C). This study underscores the potential of tailored heterostructures in realizing high-performance Li-S batteries, offering new insights for next-generation energy storage solutions
Expanded span of control, leadership and management performance, work-related stress, and job satisfaction among first-line managers : A repeated cross-sectional study
No full textBackground: First-line healthcare managers navigate complex organizational demands to ensure a good work environment and quality care. Key factors such as expanded span of control, leadership and management performance, and work-related stress significantly influence their job satisfaction. However, how these factors evolve over time in organizational settings remains unclear. Objective: To examine expanded span of control, leadership and management performance, work-related stress, and job satisfaction among first-line healthcare managers and assess whether the relationships between these variables remained stable over time. Methods: A repeated cross-sectional design was used to collect annual data from 2020 to 2023 among first-line managers in a Swedish healthcare organization. The Ottawa Hospital Span of Control tool, the Leadership and Management Inventory, the Health & Safety Executive stress tool, and a single-item job satisfaction measure were used to collect data. Kruskal-Wallis tests and Spearman correlation analysis were performed. Results: An expanded span of control negatively impacted job satisfaction in certain years. Leadership and management performance showed a positive but inconsistent association with job satisfaction. Factors in work-related stress, particularly high demands and strained relationships, consistently had a negative relationship with job satisfaction, whereas control and support positively contributed to greater job satisfaction. Conclusions: Work-related stress, driven by high demands and poor relationships, significantly decreases job satisfaction. Leadership and management performance influence satisfaction, but inconsistently. Reducing workload and improving support structures can enhance job satisfaction and managerial effectiveness
AI-Driven Software Development: Opportunities and Good Practices
No full textThis research examines the revolutionary impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on software development. With AI solutions increasingly woven across the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC), from writing code to testing, they unlock staggering possibilities for increased productivity and efficacy. The study analyses these opportunities and best practices using existing research and an experimental approach based on the use of AI-based tools, such as GitHub Copilot, for front-end software development tasks. While the study was carried out in collaboration with Arcledi OÜ, its findings are framed to provide insights and actionable guidance applicable across a broader organisational contex
Regional variation in traumatic brain injury patterns, management and mortality : a nationwide Swedish cohort study
No full textBackground Sweden covers a large land area, but is sparsely populated. The country is divided into six heterogenous healthcare regions, each with different geographic conditions and referral patterns when it comes to traumatic brain injury (TBI). This study aimed to explore the variation in demography, injury patterns, care pathways, management, and mortality (30 d) for TBI patients within the country. Methods A nationwide, observational study, using data from the Swedish Trauma Registry (SweTrau) between 2018–2022, was performed. A total of 5036 TBI patients were included. Data on demography, admission status (through Glasgow Coma Scale [GCS] value at arrival at first managing hospital), injury-related variables, and mortality (30 d) were evaluated. Results The median age was 65 years (interquartile range 46–78), and the majority of patients were male, had sustained fall-related injuries, and were conscious upon admission. Slight, but significant differences (p < 0.05) existed among the regions in these variables. In multivariate logistic regression models, the healthcare region (p < 0.05) was independently associated with patient referral to a university hospital (as compared to care at a local hospital alone), craniotomy rate, and receiving an intracranial pressure-monitoring device, after adjustment for demographic and injury variables. In similar regressions regarding mortality, specific healthcare regions (p < 0.05) were independently associated with said outcome. Conclusions The study highlights, from a systems-level perspective, that there was a significant variation in care pathways and management among the six healthcare regions in Sweden, which might have impacted on clinical outcome. These findings call for more granular studies to understand which aspects of patient management that were particularly beneficial or detrimental for patient survival and recovery
Impact of Conditioning Intensity on Survival in Adult Patients (< 65 Years) With Acute Myeloid Leukemia Receiving Antithymocyte Globulin and Post-Transplantation Cyclophosphamide Based GVHD Prophylaxis
No full textIntroduction Myeloablative conditioning (MAC) for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) improves disease control by reducing relapse risk but is associated with higher non-relapse mortality (NRM). Reduced-intensity conditioning (RIC) aims to minimize toxicity but raises concerns about higher relapse rates. This study evaluates the impact of RIC versus MAC in AML patients under 65 years receiving GVHD prophylaxis with antithymocyte globulin, post-transplant cyclophosphamide, and cyclosporine. Methods We retrospectively analyzed 322 AML patients undergoing allogeneic HCT with uniform GVHD prophylaxis. Propensity score matching (PSM) was applied to adjust for baseline differences. Results In the matched cohort, 2-year overall survival (OS) did not differ significantly between RIC and MAC recipients (64.4% vs. 66.9%, p = 0.56). Relapse-free survival (RFS) at 2 years was 65.0% for MAC and 52.7% for RIC (p = 0.20). Two-year NRM was 19.4% for MAC and 19.1% for RIC (p = 0.84). Improved RFS was associated with non-high-risk DRI (HR: 0.39, p = 0.008), whereas conditioning intensity had no significant effect (HR: 0.98, p = 0.97). NRM was higher among patients with KPS < 90 (HR: 3.63, p = 0.01), with no significant impact observed from conditioning intensity (HR: 1.44, p = 0.43). Conclusion In a relatively younger cohort, conditioning intensity did not significantly impact survival, and MAC was not associated with increased NRM