Publikationer från Uppsala Universitet
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AI’s current role in decision-making processes in swedish companies : An exploration study
No full textThis thesis explores the integration and impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in thedecision-making processes of Swedish companies. AI technologies are advancing rapidly, and organizations are increasingly employing these tools.This study aims to understand how and if AI tools have been incorporated into decision-makingprocesses of Swedish companies. To answer this question, this study uses a qualitative researchmethodology with semi-structured interviews with executives and decision-makers acrossvarious industries. In combination with the interviews, theoretical frameworks are used toanalyze how AI has impacted different parts of decision-making processes. The findings indicate that AI significantly amplifies information processing capabilities, thusaiding in the initial stages of the decision-making process, such as problem identification, butalso the later stage of generating solutions. However, the empirical data suggests that AI integration is less influential in the finaldecision-making stages, where human intuition and judgment play critical roles. This wasespecially clear when it came to making final choices. This study also emphasizes a cautious buthopeful outlook on future AI integration, with many of the participants anticipating that AI willevolve to have a greater impact on decision-making. By providing practical insights into the current roles and limitations of AI in decision-making,this study aims to contribute to the academic discussion on AI in decision-making processes
Study of + →0(980)+ and + Decays through +→++−0
No full textWe perform the first amplitude analysis D(+)s -> pi(+) pi(+) pi(-) pi(0) decays based on data samples of electronpositron collisions recorded with the BESIII detector at center-of-mass energies between 4.128 and 4.226 GeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 7.33 fb(-1). We report the observation of D-s(+) -> f(0) (980)p(770)(+) with a statistical significance greater than 10 sigma and determine the branching fractions B(D-s(+) -> pi(+) pi(+) pi(-) pi(0)|non-(eta)) = (2.04 +/- 0.08(stat) +/- 0.05(syst)) % and B(D-s(+) -> eta pi(+)) = (1.56 +/- 0.09(stat) +/- 0.04(syst))%. Moreover, we measure the relative branching fraction between phi -> pi(+) pi(-) pi(0) and phi -> K+K- to be [B(phi(1020) -> K+K-)] = 0.230 +/- 0.014(stat) +/- 0.010(syst)., which deviates from the world average value by more than 4 sigma.For complete list of authors see http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.134.011904</p
Mangroves support an estimated annual abundance of over 700 billion juvenile fish and invertebrates
No full textMangroves are a critical habitat that provide a suite of ecosystem services and support livelihoods. Here we undertook a global analysis to model the density and abundance of 37 commercially important juvenile fish and juvenile and resident invertebrates that are known to extensively use mangroves, by fitting expert-identified drivers of density to fish and invertebrate density data from published field studies. The numerical model predicted high densities throughout parts of Southeast and South Asia, the northern coast of South America, the Red Sea, and the Caribbean and Central America. Application of our model globally estimates that mangroves support an annual abundance of over 700 billion juvenile fish and invertebrates. While abundance at the early life-history stage does not directly equate to potential economic or biomass gains, this estimate indicates the critical role of mangroves globally in supporting fish and fisheries, and further builds the case for their conservation and restoration
Från handskrift till digitalt kulturarv : Perspektiv på specialsamlingar
No full textI november 2023 hölls en temadag om specialsamlingar vid Riksantikvarieämbetet i Stockholm, ett arrangemang i samarbete mellan Vitterhetsakademiens bibliotek och Uppsala universitetsbibliotek. Denna volym har utmynnat ur de föredrag som presenterades under dagen och rymmer sju texter som belyser aktuella frågor och forskningsperspektiv kring kulturarvsmaterial vid svenska minnesinstitutioner
An Encoding of Interaction Nets in OCaml
No full textInteraction nets constitute a visual programming language grounded in graph transformation. Owing to their distinctive properties, they inherently facilitate parallelism in the rewriting step. This paper showcases a simple and concise approach to encoding interaction nets within the programming language OCaml, emphasising correctness guarantees. To achieve this objective, we encode not only the interaction net primitives, but also Lafont's original type system
Unseen, Unheard, Unprotected : The Human Rights Gap in Addressing Sexual Violence Against Boys and Men in Conflict
No full textSexual violence against boys and men in conflict and humanitarian aid settings remains a profoundly under-researched and under-reported phenomenon. Dominant humanitarian discourses have historically focused on the victimization of women and girls, reflecting broader gender norms that construct men as invulnerable and thus incompatible with narratives of victimhood. This thesis investigates how sexual violence against male survivors is reported and how dominant discourses (particularly militarized masculinity and securitization) influence their recognition and treatment as victims within humanitarian responses. Drawing on qualitative data, including an analysis of humanitarian reports and semi-structured interviews with humanitarian practitioners, the study examines the cultural and institutional barriers that contribute to the continued invisibility of male survivors. The analysis is grounded in the theoretical frameworks of militarized masculinity and securitization theory, demonstrating how societal expectations of male strength and gendered protection priorities mutually reinforce the marginalization of male victims. The findings reveal that male survivors are systematically excluded from humanitarian aid structures due to entrenched gender norms and selective securitization processes that prioritize women and girls as the primary victims of conflict-related sexual violence. Humanitarian aid structures, including clinics and reporting mechanisms, are predominantly designed with female survivors in mind, leading to service gaps, stigmatization, and silence among male victims. The thesis concludes that addressing the marginalization of male survivors requires a fundamental rethinking of how gender, vulnerability, and security are conceptualized and operationalized within humanitarian practice. Future research should prioritize survivor-centered methodologies, cross-cultural comparisons, and longitudinal studies to foster more inclusive, equitable, and effective protection systems for all survivors of conflict-related sexual violence.
Dynamics of visual reversals from ambiguous spinning biological-motion and rigid structure-from-motion
No full textThree-dimensional rigid structure-from-motion (SFM) and structure from nonrigid biological point-light motion stimuli are perceptually ambiguous. This study investigated the dynamics of perceived reversals in two cases: a spinning point-light walker (PLW) and a spinning rigid human figure in a walking pose (SFM). It specifically focused on two key questions: Could the facing-the-viewer bias (FTV) account for the reversals for spinning PLW? To what extent do motion cues from limb motions or configural cues from the human shape contribute to the perceived reversals? In Experiment 1, participants reported reversals with more than twice the frequency while viewing the upright and inverted PLW than for the rigid structures, but an FTV bias was observed only for the upright walker. The perception of an ambulating living human shape of typically encountered walkers in an upright position thus plays a crucial role in obtaining an FTV bias for these spinning stimuli. In Experiment 2, the human figures walked or rigidly moved along a circular path while facing the motion direction, spinning at the same rate as in Experiment 1. A strong initial FTV bias was then observed, but the reversal rate was substantially reduced compared to reversals when spinning on the same spot. These findings highlight theoretically interesting distinct temporal dynamics of reversals and biases between biological motion and rigid SFM. It is argued that the differences in reversals between conditions have a common cause in the form of past experiences that differ between conditions
Serum proteomics links the cardiorespiratory biomarkers CTRC, OSM, and MMP-10 to exacerbation severity and number in patients with COPD
No full textDuring exacerbations, patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are at risk for severe cardiovascular disease (CVD). Despite this, the available literature on systemic biomarkers of CVD during exacerbations is limited. In the present study, a proteomic approach was used to assess alterations in the concentrations of 177 biomarkers of CVD and inflammation in serum samples from 26 long-term smokers (LTS) with mild-to-severe COPD (GOLD stage 1-3) and chronic bronchitis (COPD-CB) but no allergy. These patients were followed for 60 weeks, and they all provided paired samples during stable disease and exacerbations. Serum samples from ten healthy non-smokers (HNS) and ten LTS without COPD or CB constituted controls. Of all the proteins analyzed, only chymotrypsin C (CTRC), oncostatin M (OSM), and matrix metalloproteinase 10 (MMP-10) displayed significantly altered concentrations during exacerbations in the COPD-CB group. Here, the concentrations of CTRC and OSM correlated with exacerbation severity, CRP, blood leukocytes, and other cardiovascular biomarkers. In contrast, the concentration of MMP-10 during stable disease correlated with blood eosinophil counts and exacerbation numbers. Finally, the concentrations of OSM and MMP-10 during stable disease correlated with blood leukocytes and tobacco load, respectively. Our study suggests that CTRC, OSM, and MMP-10 bear potential as cardiorespiratory biomarkers in patients with COPD and CB. Collectively, these biomarkers display substantial alterations during exacerbations and correlate with the severity and number of exacerbations. These results motivate prospective studies to determine the clinical utility of CTRC, OSM, and MMP-10 in assessing cardiorespiratory risk in patients with COPD
Optimal spirometry thresholds for the prediction of chronic airflow obstruction : a multinational longitudinal study
No full textINTRODUCTION: Chronic airflow obstruction is key for COPD diagnosis, but strategies for its early detection are limited. We aimed to define the optimal z-score thresholds for spirometry parameters to discriminate chronic airflow obstruction incidence. METHODS: The Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease study is a multinational cohort study. Information on respiratory symptoms was collected and pre- and post-bronchodilator spirometry was performed at baseline. 18 study sites were followed-up with repeat measurements after a median of 8.4 years. We converted lung function measurements into z-scores using the Third National Health and Nutrition Survey reference equations. We used the Youden index to calculate the optimal z-score thresholds for discriminating chronic airflow obstruction incidence. We further examined differences by smoking status. RESULTS: We analysed data from 3057 adults (57% female, mean age: 51 years at baseline). Spirometry parameters were good at discriminating chronic airflow obstruction incidence (area under the curve 0.80-0.84), while respiratory symptoms performed poorly. The optimal z-score threshold was identified for pre-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 s to forced vital capacity ratio (FEV1/FVC) <-1.336, equivalent to the 9th percentile (sensitivity: 78%, specificity: 72%). All z-score thresholds associated with a lower post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC and greater odds of chronic airflow obstruction at follow-up. The risk of chronic airflow obstruction was slightly greater for current smokers and, to some extent, never-smokers with a pre-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC <9th/10th percentiles at baseline, particularly among males. CONCLUSIONS: Spirometry is better than respiratory symptoms at predicting chronic airflow obstruction incidence. A pre-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC <9th/10th percentiles, particularly among current smokers, could suggest early airflow obstruction or pre-COPD