Publikationer från Uppsala Universitet
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För folkets bästa? : En argumentationsanalys av förarbetet till de svenska steriliseringslagarna från 1934 och 1941
No full textSpatial ability, episodic memory, and emotion recognition in women with congenital adrenal hyperplasia or complete androgen insensitivity syndrome
No full textConditions like congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) and complete androgen insensitivity syndrome (CAIS) may provide information contributing to the explanation of sex differences in cognition. Using online tests and questionnaires, we examined how prenatal androgen exposure and/or sex chromosomes influence spatial ability, episodic memory, and emotion recognition in women with classic CAH (C-CAH; n = 29), non-classic CAH (NCCAH; n = 13), CAIS (n = 11), and female (n = 147) and male (n = 142) controls. Results showed that (1) female and male controls differed on most cognitive tasks, whereas (2) women with C-CAH or CAIS did not consistently differ from either female or male controls. Investigating the relative advantage on either the female (episodic memory, emotion recognition) or male-favoring tasks (spatial ability), indicated that women with (3) C-CAH had a cognitive profile that was different from female and male controls, (4) CAIS were not different from male controls, whereas (5) NC-CAH had a relative advantage on female-favoring tasks. These findings suggest that excessive prenatal androgen exposure (C-CAH) may shift cognitive performance toward a male-typical pattern, though not to the male level. Additionally, aspects associated with having 46,XY karyotype, but lacking prenatal androgen receptivity (CAIS) may also influence cognition in a male-typical direction, providing mixed support for the prenatal androgen hypothesis
After Yes : Differential Cost Structures in Commitment to Nuclear Arms Control Treaties
No full textUnder what conditions do institutional design features impact states’ commitment to nuclear arms control (NAC) treaties? I argue that commitment is a multi-step process where states move from lower-cost signals of support (status) to higher-cost signals of commitment (actus). This process is moderated by the interaction between treaty design features and a state’s nuclear-reliance status, which together create differential cost structures shaping state behavior. Using logistic regression models on a global dataset covering all multilateral NAC treaties signed between 1967 and 2024, I test hypotheses about how these factors interact to influence the likelihood of commitment. The findings show that while higher levels of support generally increase the odds of commitment, this relationship is conditional. Nuclear-reliant states are less likely to commit to disarmament or weapons development control treaties due to the non-contingent costs demanded, especially when paid ex-ante (Sunk Costs). However, when costs are due ex-post (Installment Costs), such as in CTBT, or when treaties provide future, contingent benefits, such as the NPT’s technology rights, the deterrent effect on commitment is mitigated. The study’s theoretical contribution integrates rationalist and cognitivist perspectives on treaty engagement, providing actionable insights for policymakers designing future arms control agreements
Parents’ experiences when a child in the family has type 1 diabetes
No full textSammanfattning Bakgrund: Typ 1 diabetes (T1D) är en av de vanligaste kroniska sjukdomar som drabbar barn och ungdomar. T1D kräver avancerad medicinsk behandling och kontinuerlig övervakning dygnet runt och det finns inget sätt att bota eller förebygga sjukdomen. Föräldrarna har huvudansvaret för vården och den medicinska behandlingen. Många föräldrar kan känna sig otillräckliga trots att de gör sitt bästa för att uppnå en bra glukoskontroll. Syfte: Att beskriva föräldrars upplevelser av att leva med ett barn med typ 1 diabetes. Metod: En litteraturöversikt där 21 kvalitativa vetenskapliga studier har legat till grund för resultatet. Datainsamlingen genomfördes i databaserna PubMed och CINAHL. Resultat: Efter analys av artiklarna identifierades tre teman: Diabetesbörda, Coping och Upplevelser av stöd/brist på stöd. Föräldrarna upplevde att det var överväldigande att få besked om att barnet hade fått en kronisk och obotlig sjukdom. Det vände upp och ner på livet och påverkade vardagliga rutiner, sömnen och ekonomin. De flesta föräldrar beskrev en känslomässig påverkan relaterad till T1D, de vanligaste känslorna var rädsla och oro. Mycket av föräldrarnas fokus låg på att upprätthålla en stabil glukoskontroll, vilket upplevdes som utmanande. Många föräldrar upplevde att de fick mycket stöd från hälso- och sjukvård, anhöriga och samhället. Bristande stöd kunde leda till en känsla av otrygghet och social isolering. Slutsats: Stödet från sjukvården är uppskattat men föräldrar känner sig ofta otillräckliga och dömda av hälso- och sjukvårdspersonalen. Det är därför viktigt att ta hänsyn till föräldrarnas önskemål och mående då de har stor betydelse för barnets behandlingsresultat.Abstract: Background: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is one of the most common chronic diseases among children and adolescents. Intensive medical treatment is required and there is no cure or prevention of T1D. The main responsibility for the child's care and medical treatment falls on the parents. Many parents feel inadequate despite doing their best to maintain a stable glucose control. Aim: To describe parents’ experiences of having a child with type 1 diabetes. Method: A literature review consisting of 21 qualitative articles. Data was collected in the databases CINAHL and PubMed. Results: Three major themes emerged after data analysis: Diabetes Burden, Coping and Experienced support/lack of support. The parents felt overwhelmed when their child was diagnosed with a chronic and incurable disease. It turned their life upside down and had an impact on daily routines, sleep and economy. Most parents described that T1D had an emotional impact on the parents, fear and anxiety were common feelings. Much of the parents' focus was on maintaining a stable glucose control, which was perceived as challenging. Many parents felt that they received a lot of support from healthcare, relatives, and the community. A lack of support could cause a feeling of insecurity and social isolation. Conclusion: The support from healthcare providers is appreciated, but parents often feel inadequate and judged by healthcare professionals. It is therefore important to take into account the wishes and well-being of the parents as they have a great impact on the outcomes of the child's treatment
Self-perception in the Digital Age : Exploring the Gap Between Perceived and Measured Internet Usage in Swedish Households
No full textThe increasing use of the internet has been linked to adverse effects on both physical and mental health, as well as environmental impacts. This growing demand will soon account for 21% of global electricity demand, at the same time as the mental health of especially young adults is deteriorating. There are many studies investigating how the Internet affects the environment and human health, but there is a lack of research on to which extent individuals are aware of their Internet usage and its effects. Investigating their awareness is necessary to understand their behaviors and habits, which is fundamental for reducing the negative effects of the Internet. The purpose of this study is, therefore, to explore the discrepancies between users' perceived and measured Internet usage, the factors contributing to them, and how awareness can help reduce them. To achieve this, questionnaires were conducted with Swedish households to assess how they perceive their Internet usage, followed by a 30-hour measurement of their home internet traffic. Finally, the participants were interviewed to discuss the results and to gain a deeper understanding of their perceptions of their Internet usage. The study identified several discrepancies between perceived and measured Internet usage, particularly in relation to activity types and time of use. These discrepancies appear to stem from differing interpretations of what constitutes Internet usage, potentially influenced by both individual understanding and societal narratives. The findings suggest that increasing personal awareness, especially regarding negative effects on well-being, may help reduce these gaps more effectively than environmental concerns alone. The thesis concludes with a discussion of possible solutions and directions for future research, including the potential of HCI interventions to promote awareness without requiring active user engagement
Finlands sak är vår? : The Role of Finland in the Social Democrats’ Argumentation for NATO Membership
No full textThis thesis used Political Discourse Analysis to describe the role of Finland in the Swedish Social Democrats’ argumentation for a NATO membership. By focusing on what key figures in the Social Democratic Party said publicly in 2022 between the Russian invasion of Ukraine and the formal Swedish application to NATO, we identify how Finland was a central part of the argument. Both in terms of an ally and object of solidarity, but also as an actor that affected Swedish security.
Urinary Cystatin C, Glucose, Urea, and Electrolytes in Dogs at Various Stages of Chronic Kidney Disease.
No full textBACKGROUND: There is limited knowledge of urine analytes in different stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in dogs. OBJECTIVES: To study markers in urine and fractional excretion (FE) of markers in dogs of different stages of CKD and a healthy control group (C). ANIMALS: Fifty dogs in various stages of CKD and a control group of 30 healthy dogs. METHODS: In this cross-sectional observational study, dogs presenting to a referral hospital and given a diagnosis of CKD using standard methods, and healthy dogs, were included. Urinary cystatin C (uCysC), glucose (uGlu), protein (uProt), creatinine (uCr), urea (uUrea), sodium (uNa), potassium (uK), chloride (uCl), calcium (uCa), and phosphate (uP) were measured with an automated chemistry analyzer. Included analytes were normalized to uCr, FE of electrolytes and urea was calculated, and results compared among groups. RESULTS: Age, bodyweight, and sex were not different among groups. Urinary CysC/uCr and FE of electrolytes increased with IRIS stage. Median (IQR) for uCysC/uCr was 0.08 (0.04-0.25) 10-3 in dogs with CKD stage 1 and 0.03 (0.02-0.045) 10-3 in control dogs (p = 0.0002). CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Urinary CysC might be a potential marker of early CKD, preferably as part of a panel of urinary markers. FE of electrolytes seemed to depend on the serum creatinine level in dogs with azotemic CKD
Effectivizing Bankruptcy Administration With AI
No full textThis thesis investigates the application of Machine Learning and Data Mining techniques to assist liquidators in their task of processing company bankruptcies. Through the use of different artificial intelligence models along with a transaction-filtering module based on keyword recognition, the objective is to reduce manual labor for the liquidators. The dataset was processed and scaled in preparation for anomaly detection. Entry encoding was also done to ensure that the features of the data was represented correctly. Synthetic data samples helped to decide which scaling methods worked best for the system. The proficiency of the different anomaly detection models was evaluated using synthetic data and through validation by a domain expert. Flagged entries with the highest probability of being fraudulent were reviewed by a domain expert, who found half of them to be relevant. Expert feedback suggested that additional contextual filtering could further improve the accuracy of the system, increasing the number of correctly flagged entries. The results indicate that there is promise in the use of anomaly detection methods to help liquidators find potential fraudulent data. The transaction-filtering module was deemed to be successful in effectively finding relevant assets. These findings show that using the developed system will have a potential of effectivizing bankruptcy administration
Patients’ experiences of being awake or lightly sedated during mechanical ventilation in intensive care : A qualitative literature review
No full textBakgrund: Respiratorbehandling är en central del av intensivvården och används vid livshotande tillstånd för att stödja eller ersätta andningen. Det har blivit vanligare att patienter hålls vakna under denna behandling, vilket kan främja återhämtning och minska komplikationer. Samtidigt visar forskning att vakna respiratorpatienter ofta upplever fysiska och psykiska påfrestningar, såsom ångest, obehag och känslor av hjälplöshet. Upplevelserna varierar och tyder på att vården inte alltid tillgodoser patienternas behov. För att utveckla mer personcentrerad intensivvård behövs ökad kunskap ur patienters perspektiv. Syfte: Att beskriva hur vuxna patienter upplever att de vårdas vaken eller lätt sederade under respiratorbehandling inom intensivvård. Metod: En systematisk litteraturöversikt med deskriptiv ansats genomfördes. Sökningar gjordes i databaserna CINAHL och PubMed. Totalt inkluderades 15 vetenskapliga artiklar; 12 kvalitativa studier och tre med en blandad design, från vilka endast de kvalitativa resultaten inkluderade. Resultat: Resultaten visar två huvudteman: fysiska och psykiska upplevelser hos vakna eller lätt sederade patienter i respirator. De fysiska upplevelserna består av andningssvårigheter och andnöd, smärta och obehagliga känslor, törst och hunger samt sömnsvårighet och fysisk utmattning. De psykiska upplevelserna omfattar kommunikation, rädsla och oro, hallucinationer och desorientering samt beroende av andra och maktlöshet. Slutsats: Patienter som vårdas vakna eller lätt sederade i respirator upplevde ett omfattande fysiskt och psykiskt vårdlidande som påverkar deras trygghet, delaktighet och värdighet. För att minska detta vårdlidande tyder resultat på att intensivvårdssjuksköterskor behöver möta patienten med närvaro, empati och ett personcentrerat förhållningssätt som stärker patientens upplevelse av att bli sedd och förstådd. Background: Mechanical ventilation is a central component of intensive care and is used in life threatening conditions to support or replace the patient’s breathing. It has become increasingly common for patients to be kept awake during this type of treatment, which may promote recovery and reduce complications. At the same time, research shows that awake ventilated patients often experience both physical and psychological distress, such as anxiety, discomfort, and feelings of helplessness. These experiences vary and indicate that the care provided does not always meet the patients’ needs. To develop more person centred inters care, increased knowledge from the patient’s perspective I needed. Aim: To describe how adult patients perceive being cared for while awake or lightly sedated during mechanical ventilation in an intensive care unit. Method: A systematic literature review with a descriptive approach was conducted. Searches were performed in the CINAHL and PudMed databases. A total of 15 scientific articles were included; 12 qualitative studies and three with a mixed method design, from which only the qualitative results were extracted. Results: The findings reveal two main themes: physical and psychological experiences of patients who are awake or lightly sedated while on mechanical ventilation. The physical experiences include breathing difficulties and dyspnea, pain and unpleasant sensations, thirst and hunger, as well as sleep disturbances and physical exhaustion. The psychological experiences involve communication, fear and anxiety, hallucinations and disorientation, as well as dependence on others and a sense of powerlessness. Conclusion: Patients who are cared for while awake or lightly sedated on a ventilation experience significant physical and psychological suffering, which effect their sense of safety, participation and dignity. To reduce this suffering, the finding suggest that intensive care nurse need to approach the patient with presence, empathy and a person-centred attitude that reinforces the patient’s experience of being seen and understood.
Algorithm for dynamic sensor coverage with obstacle avoidance for a drone swarm
No full textThis work evaluates a dynamic sensor coverage (DSC) algorithm referred to as the billiards algorithm. Different methods to avoid obstacles and uninteresting areas, such as forests or lakes, are explored. Obstacle avoidance is crucial for the versatility of a DSC algorithm as it enables drones to navigate an obstacle-dense environment while minimizing the risk of collisions. Simulations are conducted in MATLAB to evaluate the performance of the algorithm in terms of average and worst-case latency. The billiards algorithm is compared to random path selection and an algorithm from the literature, referred to as the Ganganath algorithm. With the intent to improve the performance of the billiards algorithm in an obstacle-dense environment, model predictive control (MPC) is implemented with the expectation that agents will benefit from planning further ahead. The results presented in this thesis show that the obstacle-avoiding billiards algorithm performs well in terms of average latency compared to the Ganganath algorithm, but falls short in terms of worst-case latency. In certain indoor environments, the Ganganath algorithm exhibits limitations, whereas billiards outperforms it in both performance criteria. In terms of computational complexity and communication traffic, the algorithms differ substantially. Billiards has much lower simulation time and communication volume, two additional metrics that are very valuable in a military drone swarm algorithm. MPC, which optimizes decisions over a finite future time window, is integrated into the billiards algorithm to evaluate its effectiveness. MPC is found to not enhance performance in a general obstacle-dense environment. This is likely due to the inherit difficulty of predicting future states in a multi-agent system combined with the fact that the agents already explore unexplored areas efficiently without the forward-looking capability provided by MPC. However, there are environments where MPC can provide significant performance improvements to the algorithm