Publikationer från Uppsala Universitet
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OPC-Based Digital Twin of a Mass Spectrometer
No full textTesting new software can be a painstakingly long process, especiallywhen working with hardware that require longer run times. In thisproject we are creating a digital twin of a mass spectrometer, used bythe company Metrilytics, to enable more efficient testing of the systemssoftware. A digital twin is a clone of a piece of hardware that essentially tricks the software into thinking it is connected to the hardware tobe able to run accurate tests in the correct environment. The benefit ofdoing this is that we can run much faster tests on the software withoutinvolving any hardware that might require longer run times. The massspectrometer we are working with is used to measure the amount of different gases found in a battery cell to develop more efficient batteries.It uses the OPC Classic library to connect to the software and thereforewe will be using OPC Classic for our digital twin as well to replicate theconnection with the mass spectrometer. I arbetet med ny mjukvara kan testning vara en lång och utdragen process, speciellt närman arbetar med hårdvara som kräver längre körtider. I det här projektet skapar vi endigital tvilling av en masspektrometer som kommer att användas av företaget Matralytics. Detta för att effektivisera testningen av systemets mjukvara. En digital tvilling ären klon av en hårdvara som arbetar för att lura hårdvaran att tro att den är kopplad tillden riktiga hårdvaran, och därmed kunna utföra tester i rätt miljö. Fördelarna med dettaär att körtiden minskar för mjukvaran trots att dess program skulle ha krävt längre körtid på den riktiga hårdvaran. Masspektrometern som arbetas med används för att mätamängden olika gaser som kan finnas i en battericell för att i sin tur skapa bättre batterier.Den använder OPC Classic-biblioteket för att koppla till mjukvaran, vilket gör att ävenvi kommer att använda oss av OPC Classic.
Sustainable Video Game Development : An exploratory literature review
No full textThis research report presents some practices game developers can adopt to reduce the environmental impact of video game consumption. These practices were obtained by performing an exploratory literature review using the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines, leading to a dataset composed of 14 sources. After analysing them, it appeared the environmental impact of video games can be mitigated first by optimizing them, but also by reshaping the trends in game development and consumption, leading to a new paradigm where games do not rely on ever-more powerful (and more energy-consuming) hardware. It was also observed that the video game industry, due to the lack of regulatory pressure, relies on voluntary environmental action within an indulgent scope. This is mostly due to the fact that the impact of video game consumption does not legally fall under the direct responsibility of the creator, and is as such optional to address for now
Reflection seismic imaging across the Thinia valley (Greece)
No full textKefalonia island, in front of the Greek west coast, is located in a peculiar tectonic setting characterized by a transition from an oceanic subduction contact to a continental collision. This tectonic setting makes the island a test bed for geological, geophysical, and archaeological studies. To improve the subsurface knowledge and shed light in the top hundreds of metres, we acquired three seismic profiles in the isthmus connecting the main part of the island to the Paliki peninsula, in the Thinia valley, where the presence of a possible channel has been disputed. A total of approximately 3.5 km of seismic data were acquired using a 5 m receiver and shot spacing and a 25 kg accelerated weight drop as the main source. The sharp topographic changes and morphological features of the valley made the survey challenging, limiting the spread, precluding uniform shot points, and resulting in crooked profiles. The acquired data, however, show visible reflections with variable quality down to 0.5 s and occasionally to 1 s. First-break travel time tomography and 3D reflection travel time modelling were performed to complement the seismic reflection processing work together with lithological columns from three boreholes located along the profiles. Results show a low-velocity zone with no reflectivity from the surface to approximately 100 m depth probably related to the presence of loose material, under which two main east-dipping reflections are imaged. Considering the surface geology and tectonic history of the valley, we interpret these reflections as the same lithological boundary displaced by three highly east-dipping thrust/reverse faults probably part of the Hellenide thrusts. These findings further constrain the contentious presence of a historic water channel in the valley
The Evolution of Patient Empowerment and Its Impact on Health Care's Future
No full textIn the 21st century, health care has been going through a paradigm shift called digital health. Due to major advances and breakthroughs in information technologies, most recently artificial intelligence, the patriarchy of the doctor-patient relationship has started evolving toward an equal-level partnership with initial signs of patient autonomy. Being an underused resource for centuries, patients have started to contribute to their care with information, data, insights, preferences, and knowledge. It is important to recognize that at its core, digital health represents a cultural transformation, where patient empowerment has likely played the most significant role in driving these changes. This viewpoint paper traces the remarkable journey of patient empowerment from its nascent stages to its current prominence in shaping health care's future. Spanning over two and a half decades, we explore pivotal moments and technological advancements that have revolutionized the patient's role in health care. We dive into a few historical milestones, mainly in the United States, that have challenged and redefined societal norms around agency, drawing parallels between patient empowerment and broader social movements, such as the women's suffrage and civil rights movements. Through these lenses, we argue that patient empowerment is not solely a function of knowledge or technology but requires a fundamental shift in societal attitudes, policies, health care culture, and practices. As we look to the future, we posit that the continued empowerment of patients will play a pivotal role in the development of more equitable, effective, and personalized health care systems. This paper calls for an ongoing commitment to fostering environments that support patient agency, access to resources, and the realization of patient potential in navigating and contributing to their health outcomes with an emphasis on the emerging significance of patient design
Parents experiences of preoperative information regarding pain relief : A survey study
No full textBakgrund: När barn och föräldrar får kunskap om vården ökar deras autonomi och delaktighet, och att upplevelsen av oro minskar. Detta stärker föräldrarnas upplevelse av att stödja sina barn i den postoperativa vården. Därav vikten att föräldrar förstår informationen som ges så att de kan känna sig trygga när deras barn ska opereras. Syfte: Att kartlägga hur föräldrar till barn som genomgår elektiv kirurgi upplevde den preoperativa informationen angående farmakologisk - och icke-farmakologisk smärtlindring samt om de kände oro och trygghet inför operation. Metod: En enkätstudie genomfördes på en barnavdelning våren 2025. Enkäten var konstruerad av författarna och innehöll både kvantitativa och kvalitativa frågor. Inklusionskriterier var föräldrar till barn som genomgått elektiv operation och vårdats på barnavdelning postoperativt. Resultat: Totalt delades 70 enkäter ut och 29 (41%) enkäter lämnades in. Föräldrarna upplevde den preoperativa informationen som bra. De upplevde sig mer nöjda med informationen om de fick svar på sina frågor vilket bidrog till ökad förståelse av informationen. Den preoperativa informationen minskade föräldrarnas oro. Slutsats: Föräldrar vill känna sig väl förberedda inför den postoperativa perioden. Genom att följa NOBAB:s standard säkerställer sjukvården att barnens och föräldrarnas perspektiv tas till vara. Även om informationen om smärta och smärtlindring i stort upplevs som tillfredsställande, finns det behov av att synliggöra icke-farmakologisk smärtlindring. När föräldrar upplever att de får sina frågor besvarade får de en bättre upplevelse av den preoperativa informationen, vilket leder till en ökad förståelse av den. Det är därför av yttersta vikt att satsa resurser på den preoperativa informationen, då denna tydligt minskar föräldrarnas upplevda oro.Background: When children and parents gain knowledge about the care, their autonomy and participation increase, and their anxiety decreases. This strengthens parents’ perception of their ability to support their children during postoperative care. Consequently, it is crucial that parents understand the information provided so that they feel secure when their child undergo surgery. Aim: To investigate how parents of children undergoing elective surgery perceived the preoperative information regarding postoperative pain management and care related to pain, as well as whether they experienced anxiety and a sense of security before the operation. Method: A survey study was conducted in a pediatric ward in the spring of 2025. The survey was constructed by the authors and included both quantitative and qualitative questions. Inclusion criteria were parents of children who had undergone elective surgery and received postoperative care in the pediatric ward. Results: A total of 70 surveys were distributed, and 29 (41%) were returned. Parents perceived the preoperative information as satisfying. They felt more satisfied when their questions were answered, which contributed to a better understanding of the information. The preoperative information reduced the parents' anxiety. Conclusion: Parents want to feel well-prepared for the postoperative period. By following NOBAB’s standards, healthcare ensures that the perspectives of both children and parents are taken into account. Although the information regarding pain and pain relief is generally perceived as satisfactory, there is a need to highlight non-pharmacological pain relief. When parents feel that their questions are answered, they have a better experience of the preoperative information, leading to an increased understanding of it. Therefore, it is important to invest resources in the preoperative information, as this reduces the parents' perceived anxiety
The Role of Voluntary Certification Schemes in Corporate Sustainability : A Study of B Corp Certification among SMEs in The Netherlands
No full textIn response to increasing societal and regulatory expectations around sustainable business practices, many companiesare exploring voluntary certification schemes (VCS) to enhance their corporate sustainability strategies. This thesisexamines the motivations of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the Netherlands to pursue B Corpcertification and investigates how certification influences their sustainability strategy and stakeholder managementpractices. Based on ten semi-structured interviews with professionals working in B Corp-certified SMEs or companiesconsidering certification, this study uses thematic analysis to identify key patterns and insights. The findings show thatthe decision to certify is primarily driven by internal motivations, such as value alignment, the desire for structure, anda commitment to continuous improvement. B Corp certification plays a multifaceted role in SMEs’ corporatesustainability strategies by promoting cross-departmental engagement, encouraging behavioural change, and helpingcompanies formalise sustainability-related policies and decision-making. Furthermore, B Corp supports stakeholdermanagement by enhancing transparency, providing a credible communication tool, and fostering collaboration bothwithin and beyond the B Corp community. While external recognition and market differentiation are secondarymotivators, the certification contributes significantly to legitimacy and long-term stakeholder engagement. This researchcontributes to the academic understanding of how VCS like B Corp shape sustainability practices among SMEs andprovides practical insights for organisations seeking to formalise and deepen their sustainability commitments
The Role of Environmental Values, Beliefs and Norms in Consumer Acceptance of Edible Insects: : An Exploratory Study of Sweden and Finland
No full textThis quantitative study investigates the environmental and psychological determinants of consumers’ willingness to consume edible insects in Sweden and Finland. Utilising an extended and combined approach to Value Belief-Norm (VBN) theory and Construal Level Theory (CLT), the study assesses the impact of environmental values, beliefs and norms along with varying cognitive message framing (i.e. abstract “why” vs. concrete “how”) on the intention to consume insects. A sample of 1001 survey participants (Sweden n = 500; Finland n = 501) was analysed using regression models. Results indicate that although pro-environmental values (mainly biospheric and altruistic) showed moderate positive associations with willingness to consume, a stronger negative effect was created by food neophobia. The Finnish sample exhibited slightly more neophobia and was less willing to consume insects compared with the Swedish sample, although no significant country-level differences were detected. Prior experience with insect consumption emerged as the most significant positive predictor, outweighing the theoretical variables. Although individuals with high construal level (+1 standard deviation) reported more willingness to consume insects, message framing did not have a significant effect on willingness either independently or as a moderator factor. These findings suggest that while environmental values play a role, emotional and experiential factors, such as familiarity and disgust, are more influential in shaping consumption intention. This study confirms that strategies to promote edible insect consumption must go beyond appealing to consumers’ environmental concerns
Structural validity and test-retest reliability of the Patient Reported Inventory of Self-Management of Chronic Conditions (PRISM-CC) in a Swedish population of seventy-year-olds with long-term health conditions
No full textBackground Self-management is internationally recognized as important to maintain independence, quality of life and to minimize the risk of poor health outcomes, especially among persons with multi-morbidity. Self-management can be especially challenging for older adults, who have higher rates of multi-morbidity and experience diverse impacts of long-term health conditions on everyday life. Good measures of self-management are currently lacking. The Patient Reported Inventory of Self-Management of Chronic Conditions (PRISM-CC) is a new, generic, multidimensional measure of self-perceived ease or difficulty with self-management, that overcomes many of the limitations of existing measures. Objectives To test the structural validity and test-retest reliability of the Swedish version of the PRISM-CC among seventy-year-olds with long-term health conditions. Methods Translation of PRISM-CC items into Swedish followed the Patient-Reported Outcome (PRO) Consortium process. Survey data (n = 516 Swedish seventy-year-olds with ≥1 long-term health condition) was used to assess structural validity of the 36-item PRISM-CC using multidimensional item response theory (IRT) models. Test-retest reliability was assessed on a subsample of 58 individuals using intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) and Bland-Altman Plots. Results The Swedish PRISM-CC demonstrated good internal consistency with Cronbach’s alpha >0.8 for all domains, and good fit to a graded response IRT model (RMSEA 0.034, SRMSR 0.050, CFI 0.952 and TLI 0.945). All 36 items had standardized loadings >0.7. ICC showed moderate to good test-retest reliability for all seven domains. The Bland-Altman plots showed minimal bias and good test-retest agreement for all domains. Conclusion The Swedish PRISM-CC showed good structural validity and test-retest reliability in this sample of relatively healthy seventy-year-olds with long-term health condition(s). Further validation in a population with more severe health issues is needed
Bounding Speculative Execution of Atomic Regions to a Single Retry
No full textMutual exclusion has long served as a fundamental construct in parallel programs. Despite a long history of optimizing the lower-level lock and unlock operations used to enforce mutual exclusion, such operations largely dictate performance in parallel programs. Speculative Lock Elision, and more generally Hardware Transactional Memory, allow executing atomic regions (ARs) concurrently and speculatively, and ensure correctness by using conflict detection. However, practical implementations of these ideas are best-effort and, in case of conflicts, the execution of ARs is retried a predetermined number of times before falling back to mutual exclusion.This work explores the opportunities of using cacheline locking to bound the number of retries of speculative solutions. Our key insight is that ARs that access exactly the same set of addresses when re-executing can learn that set in the first execution and execute non-speculatively in the next one by performing an ordered cacheline locking. This way the speculative execution is bounded to a single retry.We first establish the conditions for ARs to be able to re-execute under a cacheline-locked mode. Based on these conditions, we propose cleAR, cacheline-locked executed AR, a novel technique that on the first abort, forces the re-execution to use cacheline locking. The detection and conversion to cacheline-locking mode is transparent to software.Using gem5 running data-structure benchmarks and the STAMP benchmark suite, we show that the average number of ARs that succeed on the first retry grows from 35.4% in our baseline to 64.4% with cleAR, reducing the percentage of fallback (coarse-grain mutual exclusion) execution from 37.2% to 15.4%. These improvements reduce average execution time by 35.0% over a baseline configuration and by 23.3% over more elaborated approaches like PowerTM
Does one model fit all mAbs? : An evaluation of population pharmacokinetic models
No full textAntibodies are extensively used in treating various diseases, with over 100 canonical monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) approved. Population pharmacokinetic (PK) models are typically developed for each individual mAb, despite their similarities in size, shape, and susceptibility to lysosomal degradation. However, sparse datasets with limited PK information pose challenges in deriving accurate parameter estimates. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of 160 published models of 69 mAbs, administered either intravenously or subcutaneously, examining their structural, statistical, and covariate components. Median estimates for the base parameters are linear clearance (0.22 L/d), central volume (3.42 L), peripheral volume (2.68 L), intercompartmental clearance (0.54 L/d), absorption rate (0.25 L/d), and bioavailability (69%). Using these to simulate a 'generic' mAb results in plausible kinetics with a terminal half-life of 21 ds. We demonstrated that the median linear clearance was 26% lower in models that included nonlinear target-mediated kinetics, when compared to linear models (0.18 vs. 0.25 L/d). For chimeric mAbs median linear clearance was 50% higher compared to fully human and humanized mAbs. Variability in PK parameter estimates across models was comparable to the inter-individual variability, which have consistently shown to be large for mAbs PK (e.g. 55% vs. 43% for clearance and 25% vs. 30% for central volume, respectively). Our meta-analysis suggests that a priori parameter estimates derived from the large body of existing pharmacokinetic models for mAbs are representative for many mAbs and can facilitate the design of new and/or more complex pharmacokinetic models or assist in dose optimization models