22282 research outputs found
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Accountability in managing waqf properties: the case of two State Religious Councils in Malaysia
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On the effects of large-scale transcriptomics datasets on gene functional analyses
No full textThe Guilt-by-Association (GBA) principle, according to which genes with similar expression profiles are functionally associated, is widely applied for functional analyses using large heterogeneous collections of transcriptomics data. In this thesis we show that using such large collections could hamper GBA functional analysis for genes whose expression is condition specific. In these cases a smaller set of condition related experiments should instead be used, but identifying such functionally relevant experiments from large collections based on literature knowledge alone is an impractical task. The study begins by discussing the basic principles underlying the definition of gene function and the use of large microarray collections for GBA based gene function analyses. We look at the effects of condition specific gene expression on GBA analyses and provide a mathematical and biological perspective. We show that using large microarray collections to calculate correlation can mask the effectiveness of the GBA principle. We suggest that using only those experiments that are relevant to the biological function under analysis can significantly improve GBA based gene functional analyses. We then present a semi-supervised algorithm that can select functionally relevant experiments from large collections of transcriptomics experiments. The algorithm is able to select experiments relevant to a given GO term, MIPS FunCat term or even KEGG pathways. We extensively test our algorithm on large dataset collections for Yeast and Arabidopsis. We demonstrate that: (i) using the selected experiments there is a statistically significant improvement both in correlation between genes in the functional category of interest and in GBA based function predictions; (ii) the effectiveness of the selected experiments increases with annotation specificity; (iii) our algorithm can be successfully applied to GBA based pathway reconstruction. We conclude by discussing the potential applications of our technique. We outline several developments that could be implemented in the future to improve the efficiency of the experiment selection procedure
The vertebrate assemblage from Lynford: taphonomy, biostratigraphy and implications for Middle Palaeolithic subsistence strategies
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Multipulse Addressing of a Raman Quantum Memory: Configurable Beam Splitting and Efficient Readout
No full textQuantum memories are vital to the scalability of photonic quantum information processing (PQIP), since the storage of photons enables repeat-until-success strategies. On the other hand the key element of all PQIP architectures is the beam splitter, which allows to coherently couple optical modes. Here we show how to combine these crucial functionalities by addressing a Raman quantum memory with multiple control pulses. The result is a coherent optical storage device with an extremely large time-bandwidth product, that functions as an array of dynamically configurable beam splitters, and that can be read out with arbitrarily high efficiency. Networks of such devices would allow fully scalable PQIP, with applications in quantum computation, long-distance quantum communications and quantum metrology
Women and Needlework in Britain, 1920-1970
No full textThis thesis addresses needlework between 1920 and 1970 as a window into women’s broader experiences, and also asserts it as a valid topic of historical analysis in its own right. Needlecraft was a ubiquitous part of women’s lives which has until recently been largely neglected by historians. The growing historiography of needlework has relied heavily on fashion and design history perspectives, focusing on the products of needlework and examples of creative needlewomen. Moving beyond this model, this thesis establishes the importance of process as well as product in studying needlework, revealing the meanings women found in, attached to, and created through the ephemeral moment of making. Searching for the ordinary and typical, it eschews previous preoccupations with creation, affirming re-creation and recreation as more central to amateur needlework. Drawing upon diverse sources including oral history research, objects, Mass Observation archives, and specialist needlework magazines, this thesis examines five key aspects of women’s engagement with needlework: definitions of ‘leisure’ and ‘work’; motivations of thrift in peacetime and war; emotions; the modern and the traditional and finally, the gendering of needlework. It explores needlework through three central themes of identity, obligation and pleasure. Whilst asserting the validity and importance of needlework as a subject of research in its own right, it also contributes to larger debates within women’s history. It sheds light on the chronology and significance of domestic thrift, the meanings of feminised activities, the emotional context of home front life, women’s engagement with modern design and concepts of ‘leisure’ and ‘work’ within women’s history
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