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Development of a new Soft Muon Tagger for the Identification of b quarks, applied to a Top Quark Pair Production Cross Section Measurement, using the ATLAS Detector at CERN.
No full textThis thesis presents a study of a method for identifying b-jets by searching for “soft” muons produced within them. This method, a so-called Soft Muon Tagger, uses the quality of the match (Χ2match) between tracks left in the inner detector and the muon systems within the ATLAS detector to discriminate between muons within hadronic jets produced by the decay of b quarks, and those within light flavour jets.
The complete characteristics of the tagger are investigated in a detailed study on simulated data. The scale factors between the efficiency of the tagger in simulated and collision data, dependent on the kinematics of the tagged muon, are found using J/Ψ decays. These are used in a measurement of the top quark pair production cross section in collision data.
The measurement is performed on data taken during the 2011 run of the LHC, specifically in the lepton+jets top-antitop quark decay channel. A summary of this measurement is presented, and is found to be compatible with theoretical predictions for the cross section at a centre of mass energy of √s = 7 TeV, and with published ATLAS and CMS measurements using b-tagging in the lepton+jets channel. The measured cross section is:
σtt ̄ = 165 ± 2(stat.) ± 17(syst.) ± 3(lumi.) pb
The Χ2match-based soft muon tagger contributes a small b-tagging systematic uncertainty to the cross section measurement compared to measurements performed using lifetime based b-taggers, and has a good signal to background ratio
Research utilisation or knowledge mobilisation by health managers: Synthesising evidence and theory using perspectives of organisational form, resource based view of the firm and critical theory
No full textThe literature review builds on an earlier Scoping Review of the literature on knowledge mobilization (Crilly et al, 2010; Ferlie at al, 2012) which identified a gap in the healthcare literature and proposed work in three defined areas or domains. The first is Resource Based View of the Firm, a strategic management concept that examines how differences in capabilities, including knowledge, allow one firm to outperform another. There is no equivalent in healthcare. It states that strategic resources that are valuable, rare, difficult to imitate, and able to be exploited by organizational processes (VRIO principles), will give the firm a sustainable competitive advantage. The second is termed the Critical Perspective, concerned with power and authority in the workplace, which is alive to tensions between occupational groups such as doctors and managers. Two strands of particular interest are Foucauldian and neo-Marxist labour process critical theories. The third area is organizational form, which considers whether certain types of organization, such as networks, are better than others at mobilizing knowledge
Cognitive control of auditory distraction: Impact of task difficulty, foreknowledge, and working memory capacity supports duplex-mechanism account
No full textThe influence of top-down cognitive control on two putatively distinct forms of distraction was investigated. Attentional capture by a task-irrelevant auditory deviation (e.g., a female-spoken token following a sequence of male-spoken tokens)—as indexed by its disruption of a visually-presented recall task—was abolished when focal-task engagement was promoted either by increasing the difficulty of encoding the visual to-be-remembered stimuli (by reducing their perceptual discriminability; Experiments 1 and 2) or by providing foreknowledge of an imminent deviation (Experiment 2). In contrast, distraction from continuously changing auditory stimuli (‘changing-state effect’) was not modulated by task-difficulty or foreknowledge (Experiment 3). We also confirmed that individual differences in working memory capacity—typically associated with maintaining task-engagement in the face of distraction—predict the magnitude of the deviation effect, but not the changing-state effect. This convergence of experimental and psychometric data strongly supports a duplex-mechanism account of auditory distraction: Auditory attentional capture (deviation effect) is open to top-down cognitive control whereas auditory distraction caused by direct conflict between the sound and focal-task processing (changing-state effect) is relatively immune to such control
Exploring the Use of Accounting History in Post-Enron Stories
No full textThis study uses the concept of “popular history” to address the use of accounting history in post-Enron stories on corporate collapse and accounting failure. The study extends the work of Carnegie and Napier (2010), which focuses on how professional accountants and their firms and organizations were portrayed in post-Enron books that were published during the period 2002 to 2005. These books can be characterized as “popular histories”, and the paper illustrates how the scholarly work of academic accounting historians is given little attention by the authors of these post-Enron stories. It points to the largely untapped potential for accounting historians to make their research findings and insights available for a general readership
The impact of audience age and familiarity on children’s drawings of themselves in contrasting affective states.
Get PDFThe present study was designed to investigate the impact of familiarity and audience age on children’s self presentation in self drawings of happy, sad and neutral figures. Two hundred children (100 girls and 100 boys) with the average age of 8 yrs 2 months, ranging from 6 yrs 3 months to 10 yrs 1 month, formed two age groups and five conditions (n=20). All children completed two counterbalanced sessions. Session 1 consisted of drawing a neutral figure followed by a sad and happy figure in counterbalanced order. The drawing instructions specified the age of the audience (adult Vs. child) and familiarity (familiar Vs. unfamiliar) differently for each condition. Measures of colour preference were taken in Session 2. Certain drawing strategies, such as waving and smiling varied as a function of audience age and familiarity whilst others, such as colour use, did not. The results are discussed in terms of cue dependency and framework theories of children’s drawings and the need to be aware of specific characteristics of who children are drawing for
A model for dynamic reconfiguration in service-oriented architectures
No full textThe importance of modelling the dynamic characteristics of the architecture of software systems has long been recognised. However, the nature of the dynamics of service-oriented applications goes beyond what is currently addressed by architecture description languages (ADLs). At the heart of the service-oriented approach is the logical separation between the service need and the need-fulfillment mechanism, i.e., the provision of the service: the binding between the requester and the provider is deferred to run time and established at the instance level, i.e., each time the need for the service arises. As a consequence, computation in the context of service-oriented architectures transforms not only the states of the components that implement applications but also the configurations of those applications. In this paper, we present a model for dynamic reconfiguration that is general enough to support the definition of ADLs that are able to address the full dynamics of service-oriented applications. As an instance of the model, we present a simple service-oriented ADL derived from the modelling language srml that we developed in the Sensoria project. © 2012 Springer-Verlag
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