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The Role of Social Capital and Human Capital in the Growth of Women-Owned Enterprises in the United Kingdom
Full text linkResearch investigating women-owned businesses has developed considerably over the past two decades. There are, however, few British studies that have specifically focussed on growth oriented women-owned businesses. The current study aims to fill this gap. Its purpose is to explore the effect of social capital and human capital on the growth of women-owned enterprises in the UK. The research contributes to the knowledge of women’s entrepreneurship as the first to study the moderating role of human capital in building and using social capital in the UK. It develops the theoretical premise that women entrepreneurs with higher human capital gain credibility and centrality in networks, accumulating social capital based on their importance for other network members and their business stakeholders.
This mixed method study involves both collecting and analysing quantitative and qualitative data. Statistical analysis using SPSS was applied to analyse quantitative data collected through 517 on-line completed questionnaires from three different regions. The qualitative data collected through face to face interviews with 42 women entrepreneurs were also analysed and interpreted.
The findings suggest that the social capital possessed by women entrepreneurs plays an important role in the growth of enterprises. Women entrepreneurs use different sources to build and use their social capital at different stages of growth and in different industry sectors such as manufacturing or services. Women entrepreneurs with higher human capital are more likely to identify opportunities, generate ideas and show creative thinking in introducing novel products, services, location, processes or systems, which makes their growth path exponential.
There are implications of this study for women entrepreneurs to build and use their social and human capital for the growth of their enterprises. And there are also implications for politicians and business organisations, who must devise policies to develop opportunities for existing or potential women entrepreneurs for building their human based capital
The Royal Academy of Arts Audio Project
No full textThe Royal Academy Audio Project
Overview
The Royal Academy Audio Project (RAAP) is an on-going practical research project, sponsored by The Contemporary Circle on behalf of the Royal Academy of Art Library.
Aims
The primary purpose of this project is to record a series of interviews with leading Royal Academicians, concentrating on their professional career, and their relationship with the Royal Academy of Art.
Many of the most influential artists of the 20th Century are now of an advanced age and whilst some have been interviewed in the past, many have not – certainly not in a considered and rigorous manner. This project will seek to address that before it is too late. The Library have identified upwards of seventy Royal Academicians that they believe should be included. It is anticipated that RAAP will look to record twelve subjects per year.
Outcomes
The bulk of the material is intended for archive within the Royal Academy of Art library as primary source material for researchers and academics.
1. The completely unedited recordings – the non-mediated audio texts.
2. The ‘Umm & Ah’ Edit – removal of the hesitations and repetitions of all interviews.
3. The 45 Minute Documentary – the mediated text intended as a potentially ‘commercial’ and ‘engaging’ output for educated but uninformed listeners (based on the BBC Reithian precept).
4. Transcription texts of all the interviews (post ‘Umm & Ah’ edit)
Production Breakdown
Interview 1: The artist in his/her studio or workspace
Interview 2: The artist in the sound studio at Royal Holloway
Interview 3: With another RA artist commenting upon the work of the subject.
Interview 4: A recorded conversation between the subject and the commenting artist.
The Radio Documentary – constructed from all the interviews
Personnel
Rhys Davies – Editor (archive) Producer & Studio Presenter (Documentary)
Dr Jean Wainwright – Researcher and Interviewer.
rhysdavies201
English-language theories of financial reporting
No full textThe chapter provides a historical overview of the principal theories of financial reporting in the English language. Early attempts to generalise from practice were supplemented with applications of economic theory, as well as ideas drawn from mathematics, systems theory, organisation theory, human behaviour and other disciplines to develop theories that attempted to improve current financial reporting practice. This has culminated in the development of conceptual frameworks for financial reporting. From the late 1960s, attempts have been developed to explain and predict accounting practice, and the impact of financial reporting information on the behaviour of investors and others
A Secure and Trusted Channel Protocol for User Centric Smart Cards
No full textThe User Centric Smart Card Ownership Model (UCOM) provides an open and dynamic smart card environment enabling cardholders to request installation/deletion of an application to which they are entitled. As in this model, smart cards are not under the control of a centralised authority; hence, it is difficult for an application provider to ascertain their trustworthiness. At present, proposed secure channel protocols for the smart card environment do not provide adequate assurance required by the UCOM. In this paper, we explore the reasons behind their failure to meet the UCOM requirements and then propose a secure and trusted channel protocol that meets them. In addition, the proposed protocol is also suitable to GlobalPlatform's consumer-centric smart cards. A comparison of the proposed protocol with existing smart card and selected Internet protocols is provided. Then we analyse the protocol with the CasperFDR tool. Finally, we detail the implementation and the performance measurement
A Middle Devensian woolly rhinoceros (Coelodonta antiquitatis) from Whitemoor Haye Quarry, Staffordshire (UK): palaeoenvironmental context and significance
No full textThis paper reports the discovery of a rare partial skeleton of a woolly rhinoceros (Coelodonta antiquitatis Blumenbach, 1799) and associated fauna from a low Pleistocene terrace of the River Tame at Whitemoor Haye, Staffordshire, UK. A study of the sedimentary deposits around the rhino skeleton and associated organic-rich clasts containing pollen, plant and arthropod remains suggests that the animal was rapidly buried on a braided river floodplain surrounded by a predominantly treeless, herb-rich grassland. Highlights of the study include the oldest British chironomid record published to date and novel analysis of the palaeoflow regime using caddisfly remains. For the first time, comparative calculations of coleopteran and chironomid palaeotemperatures have been made on the same samples, suggesting a mean July temperature of 8–11 8C and a mean December temperature of between -22 and -16 °C. Radiocarbon age estimates on skeletal material, supported by optically stimulated luminescence ages from surrounding sediments, indicate that the rhino lived around 41–43 k cal a BP. The combined geochronological, stratigraphic and palaeoenvironmental evidence places the assemblage firmly within the Middle Devensian (Marine
Oxygen Isotope Stage 3). This would agree with other regional evidence for the timing of aggradation for the lowest terrace of the Trent and its tributary systems
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