19683 research outputs found
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The formation of the 'footprint of death' as a mechanism for generating large substrate-bound extracellular vesicles that mark the site of cell death.
No full textApoptotic cells communicate to phagocytic cells through releasing soluble factors and apoptotic cell-derived extracellular vesicles. However, whether there are additional factors that remain attached at the site of cell death to signal to phagocytic cells is currently unknown. Here we show that apoptotic cell retraction generates a membrane-encased, F-actin-rich ‘footprint’ tightly anchored to the substrate that marks the site of cell death, coined ‘the FOotprint Of Death’ or FOOD. Formation of FOOD is observed frequently across many different cell types, apoptotic stimuli and surface composition. Mechanistically, FOOD formation is regulated by the protein kinase ROCK1. 3D time-lapse microscopy studies revealed that FOOD vesicularises into distinct large extracellular vesicles. These extracellular vesicles expose the ‘eat-me’ signal phosphatidylserine and can function to ‘flag’ the site of cell death to neighbouring phagocytes for efferocytosis. Under a viral infection setting, FOOD can harbour viral proteins and virions, and propagate infection to healthy cells. Together, this study has revealed another route of apoptotic cell-phagocyte communication.</p
Vanishing Quotas: Tibetan Political Disenfranchisement in Xi Jinping’s New Era of Han-Centrism
No full textNo description supplied</p
'We want beer': an analysis of online posts written about the alcohol ban during Qatar's soccer world cup
No full textIntroduction: The FIFA Men's World Cup is one of the largest global sporting events, with alcohol playing a notable role, evident from major sponsor Anheuser-Busch. Indeed, Brazil altered policies to allow alcohol in the 2015 tournament stadiums. Qatar, the 2022 World Cup host, initially assured alcohol availability in stadiums but reversed this decision 2 days before the tournament began, sparking widespread online discussions about alcohol's role in sports and policies. This study analyses the online discourse surrounding this alcohol ban. Methods: We collected Tweets from a week prior to the tournament to a week after, using keywords referencing the World Cup, alcohol, and the ban. After excluding retweets, 5252 independent posts were coded by stance on the ban and underlying rationale. Results: Anti-ban tweets dominated (55.1%; 15.9% pro-ban; 29% neutral). We identified five primary themes. Three opposing the alcohol ban: (i) Timing Backlash: Sudden implementation, (ii) The Power of Budweiser: Impact on sponsor brands, and (iii) A Troubled World Cup: Contribution to other issues, and two supporting it: (iv) Spectator Sobriety: Alcohol's relevance in sport, and (v) Dry Stands, Safer Crowds: Potential to mitigate public disturbances. Discussions and conclusions: While just over half of Tweets opposed the alcohol ban, they focused on the ban's enactment and concerns over sponsor agreements rather than the absence of alcohol itself. Conversely, pro-ban tweets highlighted improved fan experience. Policymakers should consider how alcohol companies use social media to shape public opinion. Analysing online discourse can provide valuable insights for implementing and reviewing alcohol control strategies in sport.</p
Strategies to incorporate generative artificial intelligence in simulation-based education among undergraduate students of healthcare professions: A scoping review
No full textBackground: Complex prompting and unreadiness among faculty and students are some of the reported challenges when incorporating generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) into simulation-based education (SBE) in undergraduate healthcare programmes. However, strategies for incorporating GenAI into SBE are unclear. This scoping review identified current evidence on GenAI technology, its role, study outcomes, and strategies to incorporate GenAI into the SBE of undergraduate healthcare programmes. Methods: The Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for scoping reviews was adopted. Eight electronic databases were searched from inception to January 21, 2025. Two authors independently screened and extracted data. The PAGER framework collated, critiqued, and reported the results. Results: Eight studies were included. ChatGPT was the most frequently employed GenAI technology in SBE of undergraduate healthcare programmes, to enhance the students’ cognitive and affective learning. Study outcomes focused on usability. Five core strategies were synthesized: (a) establish guidelines on GenAI use; (b) enhance GenAI literacy; (c) enhance competency in GenAI prompting in simulation; (d) ensure pedagogical alignment; and (e) conduct pilot tests. Conclusions: The findings provide insights into GenAI integration in SBE in undergraduate healthcare programmes. Further studies on the benefits of GenAI when applied to SBE are needed to demonstrate its impact on student learning.</p
Head, Hands, Knees and Ankles, Knees and Ankles: Injury Profiles of Women and Girls Playing Community Australian Football
No full textBackground: Women’s participation in all football codes (including Australian Football [AF]) is increasing rapidly. To guide injury prevention strategies, the authors aimed to describe the current and lifetime prevalence of significant musculoskeletal injuries and concussions for women and girls playing community AF. Hypothesis: Women will have high rates of injury associated with playing AF. Study Design: Cross-sectional survey. Level of Evidence: Level 3. Methods: Participants were Victorian community AF players from 165 participating teams (Results: A total of 2435 players (95% of players enrolled in the trial), aged 24 ± 7 years completed the survey. One-quarter (n = 619, 25%) reported a current injury, and half (n = 1238, 51%) reported a previous significant injury. The most common injury sites were knee (n = 160 26% current, n = 403 33% previous), ankle (n = 130 21% current, n = 427 35% previous), and hand/fingers (n = 100 16% current, n = 317 26% previous). Self-reported previous ACL injury (n = 139, 6%) and concussion (n = 1335, 55%) were also prevalent. Increasing age (odds ratio [OR], 1.07; 95% CI, 1.05-1.09) and more career games (OR, 2.22; 95% CI, 1.24-3.97) were associated with ACL injury history. Conclusion: Women and girls playing community AF reported high rates of significant injury. Injury prevention programs should target the most prevalent injury sites: head (concussion), ankle, knee, and hand/fingers. Clinical Relevance: These findings highlight high injury rates for women playing AF and will be invaluable in shaping injury prevention strategies.</p
QSOX Queer Women's Substance Use Over Time: Practice Guide - Supporting LBQ Women and Non-binary People With Alcohol, Tobacco, and Nicotine Use
No full textPurpose: This guide summarises the findings of the QSOX (Queer Women’s Substance Use Over Time) research project related to practice ready strategies for service delivery. It is designed for alcohol, tobacco, and other drug services and service workers, as well as primary and mental healthcare providers supporting lesbian, bisexual, and queer women (LBQ) and non-binary people who may want to address their alcohol, tobacco or nicotine use. By applying these principles, services and practitioners can create safe and affirming environments for LBQ women and nonbinary people to reflect on their alcohol, tobacco or nicotine use. Background: LBQ women consume alcohol, tobacco, and nicotine at higher rates than heterosexual women. Trans and non-binary people also face unique challenges with substance use. While LBQ women and non-binary people may use these substances to manage stress, including mental health challenges related to stigma and discrimination – they also use substances to promote social connections, intimacy, pleasure, and gender expression and affirmation. Service responses must move beyond risk and deficit models, recognising the complex realities, strengths, and nuances within LGBTQ+ communities.© La Trobe University 2025</p
Who's responsible for health during extreme heat events? An ethnographic document analysis of health promotion materials in Australia
No full textAbstract:With increasing temperatures due to climate change, public health and health promotion bodies in Australia have increasingly developed resources to promote awareness and protect the public from heat stress risks. Utilizing an ethnographic document analysis method, this article critically examines a sample of Australian public health and health promotion online resources from the last five years. We explore how relational environments, material resources, self-care, health and routines, and informational agency are emphasized and discursively represented. Utilizing a critical public health lens and theoretical ideas of responsibilization, we evaluate the documents from a health justice perspective and consider whose experiences and realities are missing or invisible in public health advice for staying safe in the heat. We find the documents ignore the lived realities and experiences of Indigenous Australians, women, rural and remote Australians, young people, and Australians experiencing family conflict, violence, social isolation, and gendered burdens of care. They also exclude the realities of renters, workers with limited workplace control and agency, and those with low or insecure incomes. We then reimagine these documents from a climate justice and health equity perspective and suggest ways to shift the documents from a personal responsibility paradigm, to one that embeds social support and collective forms of responsibility</p
Genomic evidence for a hybrid origin of the critically endangered shrub Callistemon kenmorrisonii (Myrtaceae) and persistence involving extreme clonality
No full textAbstract: Narrow range endemic species are often threatened by stochastic events due to their localised distribution. Many of these species also have small population sizes where demographic and genetic threats are problematic. The critically endangered Callistemon kenmorrisonii (Myrtaceae) is a narrow range endemic from East Gippsland, Victoria, Australia, with stochastic events (fire and flooding) and genetic factors being of concern. A DArTseq approach was undertaken to determine the genotypic and genetic diversity of each of the two known populations, as well as address uncertainties regarding a hybrid origin for C. kenmorrisonii. The analyses used 6,326 filtered Callistemon single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to reveal unexpectedly low genotypic diversity (using co-ancestry and pairwise genetic distance approaches) with only six genotypes identified out of 83 C. kenmorrisonii samples. Large genets were observed in both populations, and one population was found to be monoclonal. Additionally, ex situ seed grown progeny were found to predominately share a single maternal genotype, suggesting possible apomictic reproduction in the taxon. Principal coordinates analysis (PCoA), STRUCTURE and NEWHYBRIDS provided three lines of evidence supporting a C. subulatus x C. citrinus hybrid origin for C. kenmorrisonii. The combined results support C. kenmorrisonii as a potential microspecies arising through hybridisation of two common, widespread species. Combined with small populations and localised occurrences, the relative lack of diversity within and among populations is of conservation concern. It is proposed that further studies seek to confirm the species’ mode of reproduction.</p
Scholarly Podcasting: Lessons From Disseminating Grounded Theory Findings on Singing Facilitation
No full textScholarly podcasting is a creative method of qualitative research dissemination that is gaining recognition for its effectiveness and accessibility. Although podcasting has existed for decades, scholarly podcasting is still in its infancy, with contemporary literature suggesting its potential to broaden public scholarship and engage diverse audiences. In this article, we critically reflect on using a five-part podcast series to disseminate the findings of an original grounded theory study. The article begins with a definition of scholarly podcasting and a discussion of its prevalence. We then reflect on its research impact, the resonance between study design and podcasting as a dissemination method, the ethics of using voice, and concerns regarding efficiency and rigour. Technical guidance for readers considering dissemination through scholarly podcasting is provided. These topics are drawn from our experience creating scholarly podcasts, evaluated against recent literature. Our podcasts incorporated study participants’ voices, researcher narration, and diverse aural elements such as songs and soundscapes. We argue these podcast attributes meaningfully engaged audiences, fostering emotional connections with the findings, as illustrated by listener feedback. This article offers readers reflections on our recent podcast dissemination, informed by relevant cross-disciplinary literature on scholarly podcasts.</p
Uncovering missed opportunities to provide holistic care for a cross-sectional cohort of Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander Peoples in a metropolitan hospital
No full textBackground: Chronic disease disproportionately affects Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander Peoples. More is needed to enhance prevention, detection and chronic disease care. Aims: To describe and quantify chronic disease markers and reasons for hospital admission in a cross-sectional cohort of Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander Peoples. Methods: Retrospective medical record review (paper-based and electronic) in a metropolitan tertiary referral, Level 1 trauma hospital in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. A cohort discharged from the study hospital (January–December 2017) was identified using admission and discharge data. Records were selected for inclusion sequentially based on discharge. Main outcome measures were primary outcomes demographics, reasons for admission, presence of chronic disease and chronic disease markers. Results: The patient cohort (n = 300) was young (mean age: 45 years (range: 16–79 years)), and primarily male (n = 191/300, 64%), with high levels of multiple chronic diseases and related complications. Nearly four in 10 had no general practitioner (n = 116/300, 39%). Nearly one in five (n = 54/300, 18%) had no fixed address. The cohort was often admitted more than once, and admissions were most often for substance use or mental health. Conclusions: Findings quantify previously unpublished levels of chronic disease markers and reasons for hospital admission of Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander Peoples. Findings highlight missed care opportunities, within hospital for all chronic diseases and on transitions of care to the community. More is needed to make hospital system changes that encourage clinicians to provide holistic care. Further research using continuous quality improvement methods could help rethink these systems.</p