19683 research outputs found
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Forged souls, broken lives: Xi Jinping’s ‘soul-casting’ project in Xinjiang and beyond
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Interorganisational relationships between funders and implementers in Sport for Development: A scoping review
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The New Digital Governance of Welfare-to-Work: Report on Interviews with Workforce Australia Online Participants
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Teamwork Makes the Dream Work: Who Should Be Managing Athletes on Matters Related to Sleep?
No full textOptimising sleep health is essential for athlete recovery and performance, but responsibility for managing sleep in high-performance sports is often unclear. Although performance support teams include diverse professionals such as coaches, sport scientists, physiotherapists, sports dietitians, psychologists, and physicians, guidance may be fragmented and inconsistent across training environments and competition schedules. This paper proposes a collaborative multidisciplinary model in which sleep specialists may integrate with existing support staff to deliver unified, evidence-based sleep strategies throughout all phases of athlete preparation. By fostering open communication channels, aligning screening protocols, and coordinating interventions, this model ensures consistent messaging and implementation of sleep initiatives. We also address sleep monitoring via wearable technologies, highlighting device performance and data confidentiality considerations to ensure accurate and ethical use of athlete sleep metrics. Emphasis is placed on creating organisation-wide policies that recognise sleep as an important component to health and performance. Adopting this integrated approach to sleep may enhance overall physical and mental health, reduce injury risk, improve recovery, and ultimately, enhance athletic performance.</p
Queer matters in criminology
No full textThis special issue addresses the need for a critical and collective response to the growing hostility faced by queer and trans people worldwide, and to the expansion of state, legal, and techno-social control over contra-normative modes of gendered and sexual life. In this editor’s introduction, we reflect on the provocation offered in the title of this special issue—
Queer Matters in Criminology
—and situate this collection’s development within its social, intellectual, and institutional context. We foreground the importance of a queer criminology that challenges criminological spaces to become more explicitly anti-normative and politically radical, and to foster alliances and coalitions in defence of queer and trans lives. At a time when queer and trans research is being vilified, criminalised, surveilled, and censored by state institutions across the globe, spaces where that knowledge can be generated, shared, and defended are as vital as ever.</p
The challenges of direct dating of fossil teeth from the Australopithecus africanus, Taung Child type site, South Africa
No full textThis paper presents the analyses of Combined Uranium Series and Electron Spin Resonance (US-ESR) dating on enamel fragments from five fossil teeth from the Hrdlička Pinnacle of the Australopithecus africanus Type Site at the Buxton-Norlim Limeworks, near Taung, South Africa. The mammal teeth were recovered from two types of deposits, the A. africanus bearing Pink Claystone (PCS) deposit that formed as layers within the Thabaseek tufa, and the secondary Yellow Red Sandstone (YRSS) deposit that filled cavities eroded through the tufa and PCS. The teeth were dated using enamel fragments following the US-ESR procedure. Two software programs, USESR (Shao et al., 2014) and DATA (Grün et al., 1988) were employed for the age estimation, however, the USESR software encountered numerous challenges, especially in modelling uranium uptake history. This is the first attempt to date a Late Pliocene to Early Pleistocene tufa deposit using US-ESR dating. The complicated history, poor preservation of the samples, and the diagenetic process in the fossil teeth samples make the dating very challenging. Especially as all samples suffered from uranium leaching and three of the five samples had high uranium concentrations in the enamel. This appears to be related to the nature of the tufa environment where high uranium concentrations have also been identified in secondary flowstones formed in caves within the tufa deposits. The final age estimate for the PCS deposits, contemporary with the Taung skull, is a minimum of approximately 2.4 Ma, based on the EU model. Similarly, a minimum age of approximately 1.8 Ma is estimated for the YRSS deposits. The USESR ages (∼2.0 Ma for the PCS deposit and ∼1.3 Ma for the YRSS deposit) were less preferred due to being derived using an extrapolation function. Nevertheless, all results are associated with many uncertainties and complexities and it should be approached with great caution. Another possibility is that the deposit might be challenging to date using the USESR method. The difficulties of dating old sites like Taung in South Africa and in particular tufa environment have been highlighted.</p
Practices and responses that help or hinder disclosures of child sexual abuse: Perspectives from victim survivors and practitioners
No full textBackground: Child sexual abuse (CSA) is a concerning social and public health problem, however there is limited knowledge around the practices and responses that best support safe disclosures of CSA from the perspective of victim survivors and practitioners. Objective: The study explored practices and responses that enable or hinder disclosures of CSA, in order to enhance service system responses. Participants: Fifty-one adult victims of CSA and twenty-three practitioners supporting victim survivors in Australia. Methods: Online in-depth interviews with survivors and Yarning sessions with practitioners were conducted between March and July 2024. The data analysis was informed by the Theory of Practice Architectures to explore the practices and responses that enable or hinder disclosures of CSA. Results: Only a small number of victim survivors (n = 8) had safe adults to whom they could disclose the abuse they experienced during childhood. Even in these cases responses to their disclosures were reported to be inadequate. Most participants had to disclose multiple times, in different forms, over their life course to be heard and for their disclosures to be acted upon. Findings highlight promising practices that help disclosures and what needs to change to support children's safety. Conclusions: Current Australian child protection practices may assume that children have a safe non-offending parent to disclose to. Our research shows that a deeper understanding of CSA is required, which privileges the voices and lived experiences of victim survivors to inform contemporary practice frameworks underpinning practitioner responses.</p
ABG-NAS: Adaptive bayesian genetic neural architecture search for graph representation learning
No full textEffective and efficient graph representation learning is essential for enabling critical downstream tasks, such as node classification, link prediction, and subgraph search. However, existing graph neural network (GNN) architectures often struggle to adapt to diverse and complex graph structures, limiting their ability to produce structure-aware and task-discriminative representations. To address this challenge, we propose ABG-NAS, a novel framework for automated graph neural network architecture search tailored for efficient graph representation learning. ABG-NAS encompasses three key components: a Comprehensive Architecture Search Space (CASS), an Adaptive Genetic Optimization Strategy (AGOS), and a Bayesian-Guided Tuning Module (BGTM). CASS systematically explores diverse propagation (P) and transformation (T) operations, enabling the discovery of GNN architectures capable of capturing intricate graph characteristics. AGOS dynamically balances exploration and exploitation, ensuring search efficiency and preserving solution diversity. BGTM further optimizes hyperparameters periodically, enhancing the robustness and scalability of the resulting architectures to both large-scale graphs and high-complexity models. Empirical evaluations on benchmark datasets (Cora, PubMed, Citeseer, and CoraFull) demonstrate that ABG-NAS consistently outperforms both manually designed GNNs and state-of-the-art neural architecture search (NAS) methods. These results highlight the potential of ABG-NAS to advance graph representation learning by providing adaptive solutions that scale effectively across varying graph sizes and architectural complexities. Our code is publicly available at https://github.com/sserranw/ABG-NAS.</p
Direct Observation of the Exciton-Polaron in Single CsPbBr3 Quantum Dots
No full textThe Outstanding optoelectronic properties of lead halide perovskites have been related to the formation of polarons. Nevertheless, the observation of the atomistic deformation brought about by one electron–hole pair in these materials has remained elusive. Here, we measure the transient structure of single CsPbBr3quantum dots (QDs) after resonant excitation in the single exciton limit using serial femtosecond crystallography (SFX). By reconstructing the three-dimensional (3D) differential diffraction pattern and building on density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we assign the lattice distortion after photoexcitation to the combined presence of a delocalized electron and a localized hole, forming a mixed large/small exciton-polaron. This result creates a clear picture of the polaronic deformation in CsPbBr3QDs and demonstrates the exceptional sensitivity of SFX to lattice distortions in few-nanometer crystallites. We plan to use this experimental platform for future studies of electron–lattice interactions.</p
Methodology for mapping reviews, evidence maps, and gap maps
No full textAbstract: Mapping reviews are valuable tools for synthesizing and visualizing research evidence, providing a comprehensive overview of studies within a specific field. Their visual approach enhances accessibility, enabling researchers, policymakers, and practitioners to efficiently identify key findings, trends, and knowledge gaps. These reviews are particularly significant in guiding future research, informing funding decisions, and shaping evidence-based policymaking. In environmental science—similar to health and social sciences—mapping reviews play a crucial role in identifying effective conservation strategies, tracking interventions, and supporting targeted programs. Unlike systematic reviews, which assess intervention effectiveness, mapping reviews focus on broad research questions, aiming to chart the existing evidence on a given topic. They use structured methodologies to identify patterns, gaps, and trends, often employing visual tools to enhance data accessibility. A well-defined scope, guided by inclusion and exclusion criteria, ensures a transparent study selection process. Comprehensive search strategies, often spanning multiple databases, maximize evidence capture. Effective screening, combining automated and manual processes, ensures relevance, while data extraction emphasizes high-level categories such as study design and population demographics. Advanced software tools, including EPPI-Reviewer and MindMeister, support data extraction and visualization, with evidence gap maps highlighting robust areas and research voids. Despite their advantages, mapping reviews present challenges. The categorization and coding of studies can introduce subjective biases, and the process demands substantial resources. Automation and artificial intelligence offer promising solutions, improving efficiency while addressing integration and multilingual limitations. As methodological advancements continue, interdisciplinary collaboration will be essential to fully realize the potential of mapping reviews across scientific disciplines.</p